bellwork for what reasons do you believe that the french and indian war, between the french and...
TRANSCRIPT
BellworkBellwork
For what reasons do For what reasons do you believe that the you believe that the French and Indian French and Indian War, between the War, between the
French and English, French and English, began?began?
IndicatorsIndicators
1.1. What were the reasons for colonizing North What were the reasons for colonizing North America?America?
2.2. What were the key differences between Spanish, What were the key differences between Spanish, French, and British colonization?French, and British colonization?
3.3. What were the interactions between American What were the interactions between American Indians and European settlers? Indians and European settlers?
4.4. What political traditions developed in the colonies?What political traditions developed in the colonies?
5.5. What conflicts occurred between colonial powers What conflicts occurred between colonial powers for control of North America?for control of North America?
6.6. How did mercantilism and the establishment of How did mercantilism and the establishment of colonies lead to increased trading during the 17colonies lead to increased trading during the 17thth and 18and 18thth centuries? centuries?
Today:Today: BellworkBellwork Review Magna Carta & English Bill of RightsReview Magna Carta & English Bill of Rights 5.1 & 5.2 Quiz5.1 & 5.2 Quiz PowerpointPowerpoint Begin Classwork/Homework: 5.3 Term Sheet DUE! w/ French & Begin Classwork/Homework: 5.3 Term Sheet DUE! w/ French &
Indian War Packet Questions 1-11Indian War Packet Questions 1-11Tomorrow:Tomorrow:
5.3 Term Sheet DUE! w/ French & Indian War Packet Questions 1-115.3 Term Sheet DUE! w/ French & Indian War Packet Questions 1-11 Map, FortsMap, Forts Braddock’s DefeatBraddock’s Defeat Packet Questions 12-23Packet Questions 12-23
Monday:Monday: Packet Questions 24-33Packet Questions 24-33 Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 Reading Studyguide/ReviewReading Studyguide/Review ““Join or Die” & Albany Plan of Union Questions 1-8Join or Die” & Albany Plan of Union Questions 1-8
The FrenchThe French
QuebecQuebec: Capital of New France: Capital of New France MontrealMontreal: French settlement which : French settlement which
started as a fur trading post, became started as a fur trading post, became the center of the fur tradethe center of the fur trade *Most French came on a *Most French came on a temporary basistemporary basis
as trappers & traders, learned to live as trappers & traders, learned to live with the native-Americans, inter-marriedwith the native-Americans, inter-married
* Plan to establish a * Plan to establish a permanent colonypermanent colony of of farming families in the farming families in the St. Lawrence St. Lawrence River ValleyRiver Valley, grew to 15,000 by 1700, grew to 15,000 by 1700
French vs. Spanish & French vs. Spanish & EnglishEnglish
French North American Empire is French North American Empire is based on based on tradetrade
Did not set out to Did not set out to rule & conquerrule & conquer like the like the SpanishSpanish
Did not Did not transplant institutionstransplant institutions like like the English the English
French TradeFrench Trade
Ordinary Frenchmen couldn’t own land in Ordinary Frenchmen couldn’t own land in New France, only nobles who brought New France, only nobles who brought settlerssettlers
Riches lay in pelts & hides, not gold or Riches lay in pelts & hides, not gold or farming!farming! Fur TradeFur Trade: popular & depended on American : popular & depended on American
Indian helpIndian help Fur Trappers & Traders:Fur Trappers & Traders: learned to live as the learned to live as the
Indians didIndians did French MissionariesFrench Missionaries: Treated Native-Americans : Treated Native-Americans
with respectwith respect
The Ohio River ValleyThe Ohio River Valleyarea becomes disputed!area becomes disputed!
French, British, and Native AmericansFrench, British, and Native Americans French: French:
Missionaries & Fur TradersMissionaries & Fur TradersWant to continue profitable fur trade Want to continue profitable fur trade Have access to the St. Lawrence & Have access to the St. Lawrence & Mississippi Rivers Mississippi Rivers
Join their empire from Canada to Join their empire from Canada to LouisianaLouisiana
Build forts along the rivers to transport Build forts along the rivers to transport fursfurs
British:British: Pennsylvania fur traders & Virginia Land Pennsylvania fur traders & Virginia Land
Co. (land speculators/$$$)Co. (land speculators/$$$) Want to gain on the fur trade and get land Want to gain on the fur trade and get land
to sell for profit!to sell for profit! Native-Americans:Native-Americans:
Fur trade, trade for supplies they depend Fur trade, trade for supplies they depend on & landon & land
Want to keep trade partners & hold onto Want to keep trade partners & hold onto their land! their land!
Who should the Native-Who should the Native-Americans side with and Americans side with and
why?why? Choose between the lesser of two Choose between the lesser of two
evils!evils! AlliancesAlliances: the joining together of : the joining together of
interests, forminterests, form Based on trade patternsBased on trade patterns
Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union Inspired by growing Inspired by growing
concern over protection concern over protection from the French & from the French & Native-AmericansNative-Americans
By Benjamin Franklin By Benjamin Franklin First formal attempt to First formal attempt to
unite the coloniesunite the colonies The French are united The French are united
under one governmentunder one government ““Join, or Die” cartoon Join, or Die” cartoon
published before published before delegates meet in Albanydelegates meet in Albany
Join, or DieJoin, or Die
OutcomeOutcome
Colonists are not ready for UnionColonists are not ready for Union Colonial assemblies want to keep Colonial assemblies want to keep
control of local affairscontrol of local affairsColonists: Colonists:
Not enoughNot enough power for the power for the colonists!colonists!
England: England: Too muchToo much power for the colonists! power for the colonists!
ImportanceImportance
Franklin anticipated many of the Franklin anticipated many of the problems that the government would problems that the government would face after independenceface after independence FinanceFinance Dealing with Indian tribesDealing with Indian tribes Control of commerceControl of commerce DefenseDefense
It contained the seeds of true union & It contained the seeds of true union & the ideas would be adopted 30 years the ideas would be adopted 30 years later!later!
BellworkBellwork
If you were a Native-If you were a Native-American, would you have American, would you have sided with the French or sided with the French or British in North America? British in North America? Why?Why?
George WashingtonGeorge Washington Sent to ask the French to leave Sent to ask the French to leave
“peaceable departure” from the “peaceable departure” from the Ohio River ValleyOhio River Valley
NO!NO! Force the French out! Control the Force the French out! Control the
are, control access to Ohio Valleyare, control access to Ohio Valley Washington retreats & sets up Washington retreats & sets up
Fort Necessity!Fort Necessity!
Fort Duquesne, Fort Duquesne, reinforced by reinforced by French troops, Brits leave, wait French troops, Brits leave, wait at Fort Necessity for at Fort Necessity for reinforcementsreinforcements
Forced to retreat by the French Forced to retreat by the French and their alliesand their allies
The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War
French advance on French advance on Fort NecessityFort Necessity British gunpowder soaked, forced to retreat***British gunpowder soaked, forced to retreat***11stst
Battle of the WarBattle of the War!!! !!! 17541754 War becomes part of a larger world war known War becomes part of a larger world war known
as the Seven Years’ War as the Seven Years’ War Britain and France fought for Europe and in Britain and France fought for Europe and in
India and North AmericaIndia and North America
French AdvantagesFrench Advantages Controlled access to the interior Controlled access to the interior
St. Lawrence RiverSt. Lawrence River Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Single colonial government, can act Single colonial government, can act quickly (colonies 13 separate govts.)quickly (colonies 13 separate govts.)
Sent ships & professional soldiers rather Sent ships & professional soldiers rather than depend on military help from the than depend on military help from the colonistscolonists
Loyal Indian AlliesLoyal Indian Allies HuronHuron AlgonquinAlgonquin
British Strong PointsBritish Strong Points
Population much greater than New Population much greater than New FranceFrance
Along the Atlantic coast easier to Along the Atlantic coast easier to defenddefend
Fighting to save homes and landFighting to save homes and land
***British lose Indian allies after loss at ***British lose Indian allies after loss at Fort Necessity, end up siding with the Fort Necessity, end up siding with the French and some stay out of the fight!French and some stay out of the fight!
Braddock’s DefeatBraddock’s Defeat 1755 General Edward Braddock 1755 General Edward Braddock
made a second attempt to drive made a second attempt to drive the French out! They plan to the French out! They plan to bombard the fort with their bombard the fort with their cannons!cannons!
Braddock ignores warnings Braddock ignores warnings (ambush)(ambush)
Believes his troops are far Believes his troops are far superior to N-Assuperior to N-As
French commander sends out 250 French commander sends out 250 French soldiers and 600 N-A French soldiers and 600 N-A allies, easy targets in RED allies, easy targets in RED uniforms!uniforms!
French & Indian War French & Indian War ContinuedContinued
1755 Braddock’s Defeat (bad Brit 1755 Braddock’s Defeat (bad Brit General)General) Dies and is buried under the roadDies and is buried under the road
1756 France & England formally 1756 France & England formally declare war (although the fighting declare war (although the fighting actually started in 1754 at Fort actually started in 1754 at Fort Necessity)Necessity)
***British suffer many defeats!!!***British suffer many defeats!!!
William PittWilliam Pitt
Britain’s Secretary of StateBritain’s Secretary of State 1757 begins to transform 1757 begins to transform
the British war effortthe British war effort Under total British controlUnder total British control Pours $$$ into the war effortPours $$$ into the war effort Colonists forced to provide Colonists forced to provide
supplies, equipment, shelter supplies, equipment, shelter and manpowerand manpower
MUCH resistance for the MUCH resistance for the colonists! colonists!
1757 1757 MontcalmMontcalm (Fr.) (Fr.) defeats defeats MonroMonro (B.) at (B.) at Fort William HenryFort William Henry
1758 Montcalm takes 1758 Montcalm takes FortFort CarillonCarillon…the Brits …the Brits will take it back in 1759 will take it back in 1759 and rename it and rename it TiconderogaTiconderoga
1758 Friction between 1758 Friction between British authorities and British authorities and colonists threatens the colonists threatens the war effort…Pitt relaxes war effort…Pitt relaxes policies, resulting in :policies, resulting in : Renewed Support & Renewed Support &
Tide Turns!Tide Turns!
The Tide TurnsThe Tide Turns
Pitt focuses on 3 main goals:Pitt focuses on 3 main goals:Defeat the French and take control of…Defeat the French and take control of… LouisburgLouisburg QuebecQuebec MontrealMontreal
Also, Native-American allies Also, Native-American allies abandon the French who are abandon the French who are outnumbered, confused, exhausted, outnumbered, confused, exhausted, outgunned, & low on supplies outgunned, & low on supplies
1758 1758 Louisburg fallsLouisburg falls to Brits under General to Brits under General Wolfe, 1Wolfe, 1stst significant British victory of the significant British victory of the war, & take Fort Duquesne in the Ohio war, & take Fort Duquesne in the Ohio Valley…rename it Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh, PA)Valley…rename it Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh, PA)
1759 1759 Quebec fallsQuebec falls to Brits, 18,000 English vs. to Brits, 18,000 English vs. 14,000 French, Wolfe & Montcalm both die14,000 French, Wolfe & Montcalm both die ***Ranks as one of the most important battles in ***Ranks as one of the most important battles in
British & American historyBritish & American history 17601760 Montreal fallsMontreal falls: End of French in Canada : End of French in Canada
(War continues in other parts of world)(War continues in other parts of world) A French population does remain behind.A French population does remain behind.
Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris17631763
Formally ends the war!Formally ends the war! The French leave North America! The French leave North America! France turns over her claims in France turns over her claims in
Canada and east of the Mississippi to Canada and east of the Mississippi to Great BritainGreat Britain
Spain ceded (gave up) Florida to Spain ceded (gave up) Florida to Britain in return for the French port Britain in return for the French port of New Orleans and lands west of the of New Orleans and lands west of the MississippiMississippi
French and English French and English CollidePostCollidePostPre-War Map Post-War Pre-War Map Post-War
MapMap
Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion1763-17661763-1766
Following the Treaty of Following the Treaty of ParisParis
The BritishThe British Don’t respect the Indians, Don’t respect the Indians,
believe they are superiorbelieve they are superior Have already taken Indian Have already taken Indian
land & moved onto Indian land & moved onto Indian land in the Ohio Valleyland in the Ohio Valley
Broken treatiesBroken treaties Proven not to trade fairly Proven not to trade fairly
& refuse to give gifts like & refuse to give gifts like the French had!the French had!
The Indians:The Indians: Became dependent of foreign trade with Became dependent of foreign trade with
the French and are now forced to trade the French and are now forced to trade with the Britishwith the British
Are angry with the British colonists Are angry with the British colonists moving onto their landmoving onto their land
The RebellionThe Rebellion Ottawa Chief PontiacOttawa Chief Pontiac helps to organize helps to organize
Shawnee, Delaware, Chippewa, and Shawnee, Delaware, Chippewa, and Ottawa tribes against the BritishOttawa tribes against the British
They killed hundreds of settlers & take They killed hundreds of settlers & take many British Fortsmany British Forts
The British retaliate just as brutally The British retaliate just as brutally against the native-Americansagainst the native-Americans
The rebellion continues for a couple of The rebellion continues for a couple of years and proves it will be difficult for the years and proves it will be difficult for the British to control such a vast (large) British to control such a vast (large) territoryterritory
““Gesture of Peace”Gesture of Peace”
In a “gesture of peace” the British In a “gesture of peace” the British invite the native-Americans to meet invite the native-Americans to meet with themwith them
Give them gifts of blankets to take Give them gifts of blankets to take back to their tribeback to their tribe
Blankets are infected with smallpox, Blankets are infected with smallpox, causing many deathscausing many deaths
Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 Outcome of the Outcome of the
Rebellion…Rebellion…
The Proclamation of The Proclamation of 17631763 Britain orders colonists Britain orders colonists
NOT to move west of the NOT to move west of the Appalachian Mountains Appalachian Mountains to avoid further fightingto avoid further fighting
Land is everything to Land is everything to colonist and many are colonist and many are angry with the orderangry with the order
Some go anyways, lots of Some go anyways, lots of tension ensues between tension ensues between the colonists & Great the colonists & Great BritainBritain
Other Outcomes!Other Outcomes!War & RebellionWar & Rebellion
Valuable military experience is gained Valuable military experience is gained by many who will fight and lead by many who will fight and lead during the American Revolution, during the American Revolution, including George Washington!including George Washington!
American Indians will be pushed American Indians will be pushed further westward off their lands.further westward off their lands.
Settlers continue to move westward!Settlers continue to move westward! England is in HUGE DEBT!!!England is in HUGE DEBT!!!