CHAPTER 20AMERICA AND WORLD WAR II

SECTION 1MOBILIZING FOR WAR

Converting the economy Industrial output was

tremendous Twice as much as Germans 5 times as much as Japanese

In 4 years the US was able to fight and win a war on 2 fronts against 2 powerful military empires

Cost Plus Contracts - - - Reconstruction Finance

Corporation

American Industry gets the job done

Automobile factories converted to tank production Also produced rifles, mines,

helmets, pontoon bridges, pots…

Nearly 1/3 of military equipment was produced by the auto industry

Henry Ford created an assembly line to make the B-24 Bomber

Building Liberty Ships

Henry Kaizer’s shipyards built cargo ships Most were welded not rivetedHarder to sink

War Production Board

Created to set priorities and production goals

Controlled distribution of raw materials

Labor’s Contribution

Women’s Civil Liberties African-American Civil

Liberties

Federal Government Takes Control

Office of Economic Stabilization Regulated wages and prices of

farm products Office of Price Administration

Targeted inflation Regulated wages on everything

except farm products War Labor Board

Tried to prevent strikes

Federal Government Takes Control Office of Economic

Stabilization Office of Price Administration

Rationing To make sure our troops had

what they needed the Office of Price Administration started rationing certain goods

Buying rationed items required Money Proper number of correct

stamps Other rations

Speed limits - Gasoline Restricted driving

Victory Gardens

Scrap Drives

Paying for the War Small tax increase War Bonds

WAR

BONDS

Building an Army

Japan claimed to reduce the US to a third rate power

When Germany invaded Poland FDR worked to increase our military

SELECTIVE SERVICE AND TRAINING ACT Established the first peace

time draft

You’re in the Army Now!

(or Navy)

Training facilities were flooded with draftees and volunteers

Draftees were given physicals and vaccinations and uniforms….

GI Basic Training

created units not individuals

FDR and Churchill

1. Top priority – defeat Hitler2. Unconditional surrender

would be accepted

Battle of the Atlantic

Hitler’s subs were ordered to …

US ships were unprotected and easy to spot

Radar and Sonar

Ship Building program

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle for StalingradHitler and Stalin

May 1942

Battle for Stalingrad

Battle for Stalingrad

Battle for Stalingrad

Battle for Stalingrad

Battle for Stalingrad

Operation TorchGeneral Eisenhower and

General Patton

Operation TorchGeneral Rommel

Operation Torch

Operation Torch

Operation Torch

Battle of Kasserine Pass

Casablanca Conference

FDR and Churchill Two Points of Conference

Strategic Bombing of Germany Existing=

New=

Results=

Striking the “Soft Underbelly”

Who was the “Soft Underbelly”?

Eisenhower Sicily King Emmanuel Surrender/Hitler Anzio

The Big Three

RooseveltStalinChurchill

Agreements of the Big 3

Stalin would attack ___ when Allied invasion of France took place

FDR and Stalin would break up ___ after war

Stalin agreed to help the US against ___

Accepted FDR’s proposal to establish the ___

Segregated Army

Trained separately Served in segregated units Most were kept out of combat “Double V”

Why?

Pushing for a Double “V”

African Americans started a campaign to unite First defeat Hitler’s racism

and then end racism in the US

FDR ordered military to recruit African Americans and use them in combat BENJAMIN O. DAVIS –

appointed by FDR to rank of Brigadier General

African Americans in Combat

Tuskegee Airmen Bomber escorts

African Americans in combat did very well!! Some were highly decorated

Tuskegee Airmen

Women in the Armed Forces

Women enlisted but were kept from combat

Woman’s Army Auxiliary Corps Not a part of the regular

army – women got mad Woman’s Army Corps replaced

WAAC

D-Day InvasionOperation Overlord

Planning Operation Overlord

FDR appoints Hitler fortified

Decoys? Normandy

Preparations and Conditions

Many things to consider for the invasion:

What was brought to the party:

June 6th- The Longest Day

Eisenhower gave the “go ahead”

Overall success-

Battle of the Bulge

The Battle of the Bulge

Aachen Germans McAuiffe Intelligence Reports From this point on…

Unconditional Surrender

Liberation of Death Camps Allied Forces pushed EAST Soviet Forces pushed WEST

Unconditional Surrender April 25th

April 29th

April 30th

V-E Day (May 8th)

General Douglas Mac

ArthurJapan attacked

Philippines 2 hours after Pearl Harbor

Mac Arthur is the US Commander in the Pacific

Bataan Peninsula Defended Philippines

for 3 monthsOrdered to withdraw

by FDR

Bataan Death March

Bataan Death March

Bataan Death March

Bataan Death March

Bell Work

Complete the PACIFIC map

Doolittle

Planned the “Pearl Harbor” style attack on Japan

Doolittle Raid

Doolittle Raid

Doolittle Raid

Nimitz/Tarawa

Island Hopping- Nimitz and his problems at Tarawa

MacArthur and Guadalcanal

Guadalcanal MacArthur comes back!!! Kamikaze

Battle of the Coral Sea

May 1942

Battle of the Coral Sea

Battle of the Coral Sea

Battle of the Coral Sea

Battle of MidwayJune 1942

Battle of Midway

Battle of Midway

Battle of Midway

Now Attention Shifts to JAPAN

The Battle of Iwo Jima April 12, 1945 Fire Bombs

Battle for Okinawa

Why was Okinawa so important?

When does it end? How many lives are lost?

The Manhattan Project

Committee to research the possibilities ___

J Robert Oppenheimer New Mexico

To Bomb or Not to Bomb

Debate over whether or not to warn Japan

Truman’s beliefs August 6, 1945 August 9, 1945 August 15, 1945

Creation of the United Nations

April 1945 Charter

1 General Assembly 2 Security Council 3 Powers

Nuremberg War Trials

German officers put on trial for war crimes

1st trial= 12 of 22 officers sentenced to ___

Over 200 more put on trial after!

1st time a nation’s leaders were held responsible for wartime actions

Occupation of Japan

Led by MacArthur Established a new

constitution Established a Democratic

government Still known as the

“MacArthur Constitution”

LIFE ON THE HOMEFRONT

World War II created 19 million jobs and many salaries doubled!!!

GOOD BYE DEPRESSION To fill the new jobs

employers hired women and minorities

Women began to work in the defense plants

Rosie the Riveter

African Americans demand war work

Factories resisted A. Philip Randolph FDR issued an Executive Order

No discrimination in the work place

Employment Practices Commission

Mexicans become farm workers

Bracero Program

War Time Migration Where are the jobs?

cities What is just ending?

Great Depression What happens to the

population? The move where the jobs

are!!!! The Sun Belt

Most headed south and west to the new industrial region

Social Adjustments

Father-less Homes “Turn-key” kids

New Families GI Bill of Rights

Education Training

Racism Explodes

Great Migration picks back up Competition for jobs

Detroit 1943 June

Black and White girls 25 9 killed

Still committed to “Double V”

Zoot Suit Riots

1943 Los

Angeles

Japanese American Relocation When Pearl Harbor was

attacked Americans turned against Japanese living in the US

Executive Order 9066 Internment Camps Neisi Japanese in the war effort 1988 – Ronald Reagan