bellwork open your notebook to the bellwork section, what is the first thing that comes to mind when...

Bellwork• Open your notebook to the bellwork

section,• What is the first thing that comes to mind

when you think of the following terms:– Astronomy– Chemistry– Physics– Biology

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CHAMPS• C-Conversation- NO

• H-Help- Raise your hand

• A- Activity- We are taking notes

• M- No movement

• P- sit quietly, eyes on paper, teacher or board. Writing

• S- signal

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Study of Biology

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What is Biology?•Biology is the study of all living things.

•Bio-life•Logy-study of• Living things are called organisms

• Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals


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All Organisms are made of Cells


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Basic Structure of a Cell


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Cell Size and TypesCell Size and Types• Cells, the basic units of organisms,

can only be observed under microscope

• Three Basic types of cells include:

Animal Cell Plant CellBacterial

Cellcopyright cmassengale

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Prokaryote Vs. EukaryoteProkaryote Vs. Eukaryote• Prokaryote (Unicellular) –

composed of one cell ex. bacteria

• Eukaryote (Multi cellular)- composed of many cells ex. Animal cell and plant cell


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Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells

Plant Cell

Animal Cell


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OrganellesOrganelles

•Very small (Microscopic)•Perform various functions for

a cell•Found in the cytoplasm•May or may not be

membrane-bound


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Animal Cell OrganellesAnimal Cell Organelles

NucleolusNucleus

Nuclear envelope

Ribosome (attached)Ribosome (free)

Cell Membrane

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrion

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Centrioles


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Cell or Plasma Membrane Cell or Plasma Membrane (Honors)(Honors)

Outsideof cell

Insideof cell(cytoplasm)

Cellmembrane

Proteins

Proteinchannel Lipid bilayer

Carbohydratechains

• Surrounds outside of ALL cells

• Controls what enters or leaves the cell


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•Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane

Cytoplasm of a Cytoplasm of a Cell Cell

cytoplasm


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•Controls the normal activities of the cell

•Contains the DNA in chromosomes

•Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores

•Usually the largest organelle

The Control Organelle - The Control Organelle - NucleusNucleus


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Nuclear EnvelopeNuclear Envelope

• Double membrane surrounding nucleus

• Also called nuclear membrane

Nuclear pores


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Inside the Nucleus -The genetic material (DNA) is

found


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What Does DNA do?What Does DNA do?DNA is the hereditary

material of the cell


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Nucleolus

• Inside nucleusInside nucleus• Directs the Directs the

nucleus. nucleus.


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MitochondrionMitochondrion(plural = mitochondria)(plural = mitochondria)

• “Powerhouse” of the cell

• Generate cellular energy (ATP)

• More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria


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Interesting Fact ---Interesting Fact ---

• Mitochondria Come from cytoplasm in the EGG cell during fertilization

Therefore …• You inherit your

mitochondria from your mother!copyright cmassengale

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)(Rough ER)

• Has ribosomes on its surface

• Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell


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Smooth Endoplasmic Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

• Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface

• Is attached to the ends of rough ER

• Makes cell products that are USED INSIDE the cell


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Ribosomes are made of Ribosomes are made of proteinsproteins

Can be attached to Rough ER

OR

Be free (unattached

) in the cytoplasm


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Golgi BodiesGolgi BodiesLook like a stack of pancakes

Modify, sort, & packagemolecules from ERfor storage OR transport out of cell


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Golgi AnimationGolgi Animation

Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by

VESICLEScopyright cmassengale

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LysosomesLysosomes• Contain Contain digestive digestive

enzymesenzymes

• digestdigest the food & get ridrid of wastesof wastes


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Lysosome DigestionLysosome Digestion

• Cells take in food by phagocytosis

•


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Cilia & Flagella- Locomotion Cilia & Flagella- Locomotion (movement)(movement)

• Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells

• Flagella are longer and fewer


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VacuolesVacuoles• Fluid filled sacks for

storage


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Cell SizeQuestion:

Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?


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Cell SizeQuestion:

Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?

About the same size, but …

The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse!


bellwork open your notebook to the bellwork section, what is the first thing that comes to mind when...

Documents

cell products

egg cell

cell membrane cytoplasm

cell size question

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cells flagella

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muscle cells