Last BELLWORK of 2015 ( or )1. Explain Japan’s strategy in the Pacific. 2. Explain the Allied strategy in the Pacific. (158)3. Who was Douglas MacArthur?4. Describe two pro arguments and two con arguments of

America’s use of the atomic bomb. 5. THINKER: Priority of the Allies force an unconditional

surrender! Without any allies and depleted supplies, why did Japan continue to fight? Explain!

War in the PacificJapan’s refusal to surrender

U.S Declares War• December 8, 1941: U.S. declares war on

Japan• December 11: Germany and Italy declare

war on the U.S. • America was “a decayed country… That’s

why, in spite of everything, I like an Englishman a thousand times better than an American… Everything about the behavior of American society reveals that it’s half Judaized, and the other half negrified. How can one expect a state like that to hold together?”– Hitler on his decision to declare War: January

1941

World War II in the Pacific• Japan forced soldiers from Korea,

Thailand, Burma & India to fight for their army.

• Between 1942 and 1945, the Pacific War was fought in 4 main areas: China, Central Pacific, SE Asia & SW Pacific

• By 1945, several countries were aiding US efforts in the Pacific: Canada, Australia, China, Philippines, New Zealand and the Netherlands

• USSR declares war on Japan in August 1945, and fights mostly inland battles in China against Japan

• Led by General Douglas McArthur

By 1942, Japan had their empire, which they labelled the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MacArthur_Manila.jpg

Japanese Offensive: 1941-1942• Japan attacks American and British military bases across

the Western Pacific.• Rapid conquests of Hong Kong, Burma, New Guinea, India• Key objective was to seize economic resources under the

control of US, UK & Netherlands• Strong Japanese Navy sinks British aircraft carriers• Navy used kamikazes, or suicide planes• Once objectives were completed, the strategy would turn

defensive until negotiated peace

Japanese battleships Yamashiro, Fuso and Haruna

Bombing of Darwin, Australia; 1942

Prince of Wales (left, front) and Repulse (left, behind) under Japanese air attack on 10 December 1941

Australian POW’s; Total captured – 22,000

• By early-1942, it became difficult for Japanese to maintain control of vast empire.

• Low on resources and weapons• Codebreakers discovered several planned attacks• Once a 2nd front in Europe is opened (1942), American forces

concentrated on island hopping: a military strategy of attacking specific enemy-held islands.

• Battle of the Coral Sea: (5/4/1942) mutual bombing of navies• Battle of Midway: (6/4/1942) U.S. wins its first Pacific battle by

fighting entirely from the air and destroying the Japanese navy.

War in the Pacific: Important Battles

US Aircraft Carrier, Lexington, under attack at the Battle of the Coral Sea

• Battle of Guadalcanal: (2/9/1943) First Japanese-held territory conquered by the U.S.

• 1944: Maximize navy, improve radar, increase defense• Battle of Leyte Gulf: (10/23/1944)Greatest naval battle in history;

vital to stop oil production.• Battle of Iwo Jima: (2/1945): Japan is outnumbered; clear victory• Battle of Okinawa: (4/11/1945) Last obstacle to an Allied invasion

of the Japanese home islands.• Began bombing campaign in Tokyo

Allied Offensives: 1943-1945

U.S. Marines in Guadalcanal; 1942

Torpedoed Japanese destroyer; Battle of Leyte Gulf

General MacArthur at Leyte Gulf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WW2_Iwo_Jima_flag_raising.jpg

Chinese ground forces

American ship, Bunker Hill, after being attacked by Kamikazes – Battle of Okinawa

The Manhattan Project• A 1941 top secret plan to develop the first atomic

bomb.• Combination of scientists and physicists – Albert Einstein– Robert Oppenheimer

• Presidential approval– FDR– Truman

Atomic bomb test: Los

Alamos, New Mexico – July

1945

Truman’s decision Truman warned Japanese that if they didn’t surrender,

they could expect a “rain of ruin from the air”

•The second was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945

•Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Civilian Warning Pre-Hiroshima• TO THE JAPANESE PEOPLE:

America asks that you take immediate heed of what we say on this leaflet.

• We are in possession of the most destructive explosive ever devised by man. A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what 2000 of our giant B-29s can carry on a single mission. This awful fact is one for you to ponder and we solemnly assure you it is grimly accurate.

• We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work of building a new, better and peace-loving Japan.

• You should take steps now to cease military resistance. Otherwise, we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war.

Civilian Warning Pre-Nagasaki• ATTENTION JAPANESE PEOPLE. EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.

Because your military leaders have rejected the surrender declaration, two momentous events have occurred in the last few days.

• The Soviet Union, because of this rejection on the part of the military has notified your Ambassador Sato that it has declared war on your nation. Thus, all powerful countries of the world are now at war with you.

• Also, because of your leaders' refusal to accept the surrender declaration that would enable Japan to honorably end this useless war, we have employed our atomic bomb.

• A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what 2000 of our giant B-29s could have carried on a single mission. Radio Tokyo has told you that with the first use of this weapon of total destruction, Hiroshima was virtually destroyed.

• Before we use this bomb again and again to destroy every resource of the military by which they are prolonging this useless war, petition the emperor now to end the war. Our president has outlined for you the thirteen consequences of an honorable surrender. We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work of building a new, better, and peace-loving Japan.

• Act at once or we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war.

• EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.

AftermathGround Temperature 7000FForce Winds 980mphEnergy Released 20,000 tons of TNTBuildings Destroyed 62,000Killed Immediately 80,000 peopleDead by end of 1945 140,000 peopleTotal Deaths 220,000 people

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

Surrender Japan surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur on

September 2, 1945

"Should We continue to fight, it would not only result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization." Emperor Hirohito

Execution of Hideki Tojo

War in the Pacific Outcomes• Allied occupation of Japan• Removal of Japanese troops in China • Territories are reclaimed: Taiwan, Korea

(divided), Pacific Islands • Maintained by United Nations• USSR gets control of Sakhalin and Kuril Islands

What do YOU think? Was dropping the atomic bomb the right thing to do?

PRO BOMB! ANTI BOMB!

Chapter 9 Homework• As you read the chapter 9 packet, take notes on the

following points:1. Use of atomic bomb2. Effect on civilians3. Economic effects4. Political effects5. Effects of WWII in Asia6. Post-WWII Superpowers

Was dropping the Atomic Bomb the right thing to do?

• You and your partner will be given various primary sources about the atomic bomb and its ethical/moral/strategic repercussions. – One will read the pro arguments (FOR the A-bomb)– One will read the con arguments (AGAINST the A-bomb)

• After reading, complete the worksheet for your viewpoint. • Discuss your readings with your partner and fill in your

chart.• Be prepared to discuss and participate!

Carousel Brainstorming• This is a strategy used to

categorize important events/people/items into specific sectors. It will help you memorize and brainstorm items from each topic.

• This will be used as review over the effects of WWII.

Carousel Brainstorming• How it works:• You will be divided into 6 groups. • Each team is given a specific color• Everyone start in one station. • At this station, you will write and describe anything and

everything you know about the topic.• At the end of a minute, you will rotate stations, while

keeping your own color.• Everyone in your group must write at one station• We will discuss main concepts at the end.