benazir bhutto
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Islam, Democracy, and the West
By Benazir Bhutto, Powerpoint by Adam Echelman
Who Is She? The daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Educated at Harvard University
Served as Prime Minister Of Pakistan twice (1988-1990)(1993-1996)
Pakistan’s first female Prime Minister
Leader of Pakistan’s PPP party
Assassinated December 27, 2007
Thesis “the fundamentals of democratic governance are
part of the Islamic value system”
It is by properly examining the West, the Islamic world, and the relationship between them that Bhutto explains that both are capable of peace and democracy.
Background of Islam
The Quran and Sharia
The Golden Age Of Islam (600s-1200s)
5 Pillars of Islam
Sunni and Shia Shiites:
- the leaders of the Islamic faith are directly connected to Mohammed
-death of Ali and Hussain give the sect a strong sense of persecution
-three main groups: Imami (12vers), Zaydi, Ismali
Sunnis:
-larger group
- schools of thought: Hanafi, Shafi’I, Maliki, Hanbali, Wahabbi
Woman, Pluralism, Jihad Discrimination comes from
interpretations and regional influences
Itijihad
“There is no compulsion in religion”—the Quran
Jihad: internal and external
Internal jihad much greater than external
Extremism Jamaat-i-Islam developped by Maulana Maudoodi
Endorsed by small groups (Saudi Government)
With America’s influence with the Mujahadeen, we funded Jamaati-i-Islam until they became al-Quaeda and the Taliban
With money and power it grew to the poor
The West and Islam
When it comes to universal values like democracy and order, both share the same will for equality, compassion, and freedom
Islam must itself fight extremism but the West is some of the cause
Case Studies Countries where the West is personally responsible
for stopping democracy:
-Iran; Algeria; Libya; Tunisia; Morocco; Egypt, Iraq; Afghanistan; Comoros; Lebanon; Pakistan and Bangladesh; Jordan; Palestine; Turkey; Indonesia; Senegal and Mali; Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan); Middle East (Kuwait, Oman); Africa (Gambia, Guinea, Mauritania, Niger); Persian Gulf States (Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Yemen); Guatemala; Greece; Argentina; DRC
India and Pakistan The Montbatten Plan: to divide a recentrly freed sub-
continent into two, India and Pakistan
In the rush to create two countries, some difficult provinces: Kashmir, Jammu, Hyderabad, Junagadh
The Case Of Pakistan The conflict between East and West Pakistan,
eventually leading to the creation of Bangladesh and modern-day Pakistan.
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto loses power to General Zia
After the military coup of Zia, Benazir Bhutto Takes control
However After Bhutto, comes the struggle with current day general Pervez Musharraf
The Clash of Civilizations Bhutto proves wrong:
-nation-state conflicts, government choices, globalization
Further, this is disproved by the book itself. It shows that Islam is not an anarchist, controlling people, but rather capable of democracy and peace.
Marshall Plan
West must take responsibility as should Islam
Democratic nations almost never fight one another
“Staying within the box has set Islam and the West on a dangerous course….It is time for reconciliation”—Bhutto
Achieving Peace
Works Cited: Bhutto, Benazir. Reconciliation: Islam, Democracy,
and the West. New York: Harper Perennial, 2008.
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