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employed in quantities of 100 grammes per kilogramme ofbody weight, presuming that the milk is pure and contains30 grammes of fat per litre. These are mean figureswhich may have to be modified by the medical man inaccordance with the exigencies of any particular case. If thechild be fed in this way and the results are not good the milkshou’d be analysed and it will for almost a certainty befound that it has been either deprived of its cream or elsewatered. During the second year of life milk should stillfurnish the basis of the diet, but to it may be added somefarinaceous foodstnff. Bouillon is useless and only slightlynutritive, one litre of bouillon not having the same nutritivevalue as 100 grammes of milk. Ej2’gs are not advisable,especially for the poor who can rarely get them of goodquality. On an exclusively milk diet or on one with a littlefarinaceous food added to it infants can be seen who at theage of two years weigh from 11 to 13 kilogrammes, with adaily ration of from 1000 to 1050 grammes of food. M.Budin’s results, which he obtained together with his fellowworker M. Planchon, are particularly good. Out of 712infants who were brought to him and whom he was able tofollow up daily the mortality was only 4’ 6 per 1000, whereasthe mean for all Paris is 178 per 1000. No infant died fromdigestive troubles, of which the mean official mortality is65 per 1000. Both infectious and pulmonary complaintsoccurrei in far lower proportion than in Paris as a whole,which argues a greatly increased resistance on the part of theinfants under observation.

Abscess of the Maxillary Semcs.At the same meeting of the Academy of Medicine M. Jarre

read a paper dealing with the importance of the etiology ofthe disease in the treatment of abscess of the maxillarysinus. In the great majority of cases an abscess of thischaracter has its origin in some dental trouble and notprimarily in an inflammation of the mucous membrane liningthe sinus. If the cause be removed a rap.d cure generallyfollows and this removal may be brought about by one of thefollowing measures : extraction or conservative treatment ofa decayed tooth, extraction of a root left after attemptedextraction of the whole tooth, extraction of an uneruptedtooth, or extraction of the affected tooth with removal of

any fragments of necrosed bone. The secondary affectionsof the maxillary sinus heal up after removal of the offendingcause and it is but rarely necessary to interfere with theantrum of Highmore itself.

The Instititte of Colonial Medicine.The second session of the Institute of Colonial Medicine

has just come to an end and M. Doumer has distributed thediplomas in colonial medicine to the students. The numberof students on the roll during the past session was 45.Of these 25 passed the examination for a diploma but

owing to lack of vacancies only 19 received it. Ofthese 25 students 12 were foreigners and 13 were

Frenchmen. Nearly all were doctors of medicine and

already occupied high posts in the navy, in the colonial

army, or in the sanitary service of the colonies of differentcountries. M. Doumer, Governor-General of Indo-China,has granted to the institute a subvention of 30,000 francsper annum. At present the practical work and the lecturesare carried on in the laboratories of the Faculty of Medicinebut this is merely t provisional arrangement. Professor Blanchard has arranged with the Association des DamesFrançaises that the institute should be able eventually touse as a hospital both for treatment and for clinical instruc-tion the new hospital which the association is building atAuteuil. Professor Blanchard and Dr. Wurtz, the latter ofwhom is in charge of the instruction in medicine and colonialhygiene, have started for England at the invitation of theLondon School of Tropical Medicine, accompanied by 15students. They bear with them as an offering to your dis-tinguished parasitologist, Sir Patrick Manson, the honorarydiploma of the Society of Tropical Medicine which wasinaugurated on Dec. lst, 1903, by the students and professorsof the Institute of Colonial Medicine.

’’ Chloridated " Diet and Hyperchlorhydria.At the meeting of the Society of Biology held on Jan. 8th

M. Vincent gave an account of a case in which he had notedthe influence of a "chloridated" " or 11 non-chloridated " dietan the ga.-tric chemical process. The case was that of apatient suffering from hyperchlorhydria and it was foundthat "cbloridated" diet produced a series of disagreeableresults, such as pains in the alimentary canal and even

vomiting When, however, the patient was put upon a dietfreed from all chlorides so far as possible a marked improve.ment set in and the hyperchlorhydria diminished.Jan. 19th.

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BERLIN.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Serum Treatment of Scarlet Fever.Professor B6kay of Budapest has given in the Deutsche

Medicinische Woeltensehrift an account of the treatment ofscarlet fever by Moser’s polyvalent anti streptococcic serum.Ele explains that out of 46 cases of scarlet fever 12 showingsevere symptoms were selected for serum treatment, theamount injected being from 100 to 200 cubic centimetres.rhe result was that the general state of the patients,especially the cerebral symptoms, obviously improved in from24 to 48 hours. The exanthem also was modified, for iteither became paler or, if not yet fully developed at the timeof the injection, it did not show itself profusely. The moststriking effect of the serum, however, was the decrease of

temperature, the fall ranging from 3-4° to 0.9° C. within 24hours and in three cases the temperature even came downto normal. The pulse became less frequent and its qualityimproved. With respect to the other symptoms ProfessorB6kay agreed with Professor Escherich and Dr. Moser thatwhen necrosis of the palate occurred it was less extensiveand less deep than usual ; well marked nephritis andarthritis developed twice in a mild form ; adenitisdeveloped in four patients, of whom two died fromseptic pyaemia, these being the only fatal cases. Otitis

developed, too, in several cases but only in a mild form.As to undesirable complications Professor B6kay mentionsthat there was one instance of suppuration at the place ofthe injection which healed after an incision had been made.Transitory albuminuria was once observed ; albuminuria

existing already at the time of the injection did not increaseand sometimes even disappeared. An eruption attributableto the injection developed in seven cases-i e , in 58 percent. of the patients, whereas this symptom was observed byDr. Moser in 75 per cent. It usually appeared between thesixth and sixteenth day but was once as late as the fourthweek ; it took either the form of urticaria or of erythemamultiforme or was like the eruption of rubeola and scarletfever. Professor B6kay concludes from his observationsthat Moser’s serum has a specific antitoxic action againstscarlet fever and that the results of the treatment are satis-factory but that further experience i indispensable previouslyto its introduction into general practice.

The late Professor Jolly.Dr. Jolly, professor of psychiatry at the University of

Berlin and chief of the universitv clinic for mental andnervous diseases, died suddenly on Jan. 3rd. He was bornat Heidelberg in 1844. He came of a prominent Badenfamily, several members of which distinguished themselvesin public and academical life. His father was a professorcf physics at the Universities of Heidelberg and Munich ; hisuncle erved the Government of Baden in a politicalcapacity and had duties to perform in connexion withthe revival of the German Empire in 1870 ProfessorJolly received his professional education in Munich andGottinsen, where he obtained his medical qualificationsin 1868, and then became an assistant in the medicalclinic at Munich under Professor Pfeufer. After a

time he left this place for an appointment at thelunatic asylum of Werneck under the celebrated ProfessorGudden who, as is generally known, lost his life in

tragic circumstances, together with the late King Ludwig ofBavaria. Afterwards he became an assistant to ProfessorRinecker at Wurzburg. where he was recognised privat-docent in 1872. When Professor Krafft-Ebing left Strasburgfor Vienna in 1873 Dr. Jolly was called to take the chair ofpsychiatry at the former university which he quitted only in1890 to succeed Professor Westpfahl as ordinary professor ofmental diseases at the University of Berlin. His first

published work was on the subject of the Cerebral Pressureand the Circulation in the Brain. At a later periodhe contributed the chapters on Hysteria and Hypochondriato Ziemssen’s "Handbook of Clinical Medicine" anda series of essays on different psychiatric questions tothe Archives ot Psychiatry, Charite Annals, and other

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periodicals. Recently he devoted much attention to thereconstruction of the Royal university clinic for mentaland nervous diseases, an institution which seems destined tobecome a model of its kind. A sudden death from ruptureof an aneurysm of the aorta has, however, prevented himfrom seeing the completion of this work. Professor Jollywas president of the German Psychiatric Association andof the Berlin Psychiatric Society ; he was very highlyesteemed by the profession and by the public, so that thenews of his death has been received with general regret.

Death of Dr. Dettweiler.

The dedth of Dr. Dettweiler, late chief physician to theFalkenstein sanatorium for consumptives, is announced.The deceased, who was one of the earliest and mostsuccessful advocates of the open-air treatment of tubercu-losis, was born in 1837 at Wintersheim in Hesse. On

receiving his medical qualification in 1863 he entered thearmy medical service and took part in the wars of 1864,1866, and 1871, after which he proceeded to Gorbersdorf tojoin the late Dr. Brehmer, the founder of the first sanatoriumfor consumptives in Germany. They worked together forsix years, at the expiry of which Dr. Dettweiler left Dr.Brehmer and founded a new sanatorium at Falkenstein,near Kronberg in the Taunus Mountains. Whilst Dr.Brehmer laid great stress on the elevated position of hissanatorium and on the value of systematic walking exercisein strengthening the heart muscle the principal features ofDr. Dettweiler’s method at Falkenstein were the so-called"Liegekur" and dietetic treatment. One of his greatestmerits was the foundation of a sanatorium for the indigentclasses as early as 1891, at a time when none but the wealthyenjoyed the benefits of this special treatment. Both innational and international congresses and in numerous

publications he pleaded for the hygienic treatment of tuber-culosis and it was principally due to his influence that themovement for providing sanatoriums for the poorer classeshas been so successfully developed in Germany. Dr.Dettweiler retired from practice a year ago on account of thestate of his health. The Falkenstein sanatorium, so wellknown both in Germany and abroad, and specially in

England, has since that time been, and will continue to be,conducted according to the principles followed by itsfounder.

Statistics of the University of Berlin.The number of students at the University of Berlin is higher

just now than at any time since its foundation in 1810.According to the daily press there are 7503 matriculatedstudents, of whom 331 belong to the theological, 2565 to thejuridical, 3414 to the philosophical, and 1193 to the medicalfaculties respectively. The number of medical students for-tunately shows a slight decrease. It is interesting toobserve the increasing number of foreigners, of whomno less than 1184 are registered, being nearly one-

sixth of the students. As regards numbers the Russianshead the list, of which nationality there are 440 ; then ofthe other European nationalities there come 136 Austrians,93 Swiss, 55 Hungarians. 46 British, 36 Roumanians, 23Servians, 22 Italians, 21 French, 20 Greek, 18 Bulgarians,15 Scandinavians, 14 Luxemburgers, 11 Dutchmen, 10Spaniards, 8 Turks, 7 Danes, 3 Belgians, and 2 Portuguese.Of students from other countries 160 come from America, 40from Asia, 3 from Africa, and 1 from Australia. The regu-lations of the University do not allow females to matriculatebut 532 women are nevertheless admitted to the lectures.The Army Medical Academy, which is to some extent inconnexion with the medical faculty of the University, has318 students.

Medicine and the Law. j ’

A man who was suffering from gonorrhoea and syphilis was recently brought before a law court in Munich on a I,charge of infecting a young woman by cohabitation. He !ihad been informed by his medical attendant as to the natureof his ailment and warned against cohabitation and on thisground he was found guilty of having caused bodily injury by neglect (fahr)ässige Körperverletzung). Though thesentence of five months’ imprisonment is lenient in com-parison with the grave consequences of the offence it is to behoped that it may act as a warning, especially as cases of thiskind, though, of course, frequent enough, are very seldombrought before a law court in Germany. Another judgment,

also of medical interest, had reference to a man who wasprosecuted for having caused the death of his daughter byneglect. The child suffered from suppuration of the knee-joint and the surgeon in attendance declaring an operationto be urgent advised the father to take her to a hospital.The child, however, implored him to leave her at home,which he accordingly did. On her death, which was due topyaemia, the father was found guilty by the local court buton appeal he was acquitted by the Supreme Court whichdecided that he had acted excusably in complying with thewishes of the patient.Jan. 18th.

EGYPT.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Sanitary Improvements in Cairo.

THE first serious attempt at improving the sanitaryarrangements of Cairo has just been made by the SavoyHotel. This is the adoption of the septic tank system forthe disposal of sewage in place of the unpleasant cesspitwhich has for so long been considered the acme of perfectionin sanitation in Egypt. The whole plant, which is mostsolidly built in Hennebique cement, stands in the groundsbehind the hotel at the base of the V formed by thediverging wings of the building. The general arrangementof the system adopted is’as follows. The pipes whichcarry the waste from the kitchen, laundry, and baths joinwith those from the water-closets and urinals and with thewaste pipes from other parts of the building in one largedrain at the entrance of the collecting pit*. All the wastewater and sewage are in this way passed directly into twodeep cement pits and thence into a set of smaller pits orgrease traps in which all the grease and oily matters gene-rally are collected and removed. The residue passes on againinto a large underground cement tank which is capable ofholding a L4 hours’ supply and is very dark and tightly closed.Here, as the manager of the hotel quaintly but correctlyputs it, the microbes do their work. After a sufficient timehas elapsed for all the bacterial processes to take place thefluid contents of the tank are led off by way of pipes,opening below the level of the surface of the sewage,straight on to a large filter bed (seven metres thick andmore) consisting of alternating layers of stone, sand,and coke, and filters into the old, now disused, cesspits,from which it may be pumped and used for the garden, orit is allowed to percolate through the soil beneath the filter-bed into the subsoil water, which is particularly plentiful inCairo in such close proximity to the Nile. A varying amountof semi solid matter remains in the septic tank and thismust be removed at long intervals. There is really no dangerto be feared from sewage treated in this way providedthat no escape of gas is permitted and that the effluenteasily reaches the subsoil water and is thus carried away.Sufficient time must be allowed for thorough disintegrationto occur and the sewage must therefore be slowly letinto the tank from the collecting pits, the rate of inflowvarying with the rapidity of the bacterial action. Thewhole installation is arranged in a comparatively small

space, but the first cost is considerable, the presentplant requiring nearly £700 to complete. It says a greatdeal for the management of the Savoy Hotel that so soonafter putting in an elaborate system of cesspits they shouldhave gone to such an expense in adopting a better method ofsewage disposal as soon as experience demonstrated the

unsatisfactory working of the former system. That this isnot the only direction in which the Savoy Hotel caters for thecomfort and well-being of its visitors is evident from thefact that a new system of electric heating has just beencompleted throughout the hotel. It is gratifying to knowalso that the Standard Life Insurance Company, which isabout to build a large block of buildings quite close tothe Savoy Hotel, conditional on the success of the presentscheme, intends to adopt the same system in preference tothe more antiquated and unsavoury methods hitherto in

vogue in Cairo.

The New Italian Hospital.The various foreign nations in Egypt have during the last