bernoulli’s, pascal’s, & archimedes’ principles principles of fluids
TRANSCRIPT
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Bernoulli’s, Pascal’s, & Archimedes’
Principles
Principles of Fluids
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Bernoulli’s Principle
• As the Velocity (speed) of a fluid increases, the Pressure exerted by the fluid decreases
• Why?
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This explains one of the forces that make an Airplane Fly
Airplanes have FOURFOUR basic forces acting on them:
THRUST
GRAVITY
DRAG
LIFT
LIFT can be explained using Bernoulli’s Principle.
LIFT
THRUST
GRAVITY
DRAG
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Cross section of an Airplane WingCross section of an Airplane Wing
Higher Pressure
Lower Pressure
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Venturi EffectAs the size of a fluid’s pathway decreases, the velocity of the fluid increases.
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Buoyant Force• The upward force of a Fluid exerted on an object.
• What is the downward Force exerted on an object?
Gravity
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Archimedes’ Principle
• The buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
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Archimedes (Example #1)
Mass = 20g
Volume = 20ml
Mass of Fluid= 20g
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Archimedes (Example #1)
Gravity = 20
Buoyant Force = 20
Neutral Buoyancy
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Archimedes’ (Example #2)
Mass = 50g
Volume = 20ml
Mass of Fluid= 20g
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Archimedes (Example #2)
Gravity = 50
Buoyant Force = 20
Negative Buoyancy
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Archimedes’ (Example #3)
Mass = 30g
Volume = 60ml
Mass of Fluid= 60g
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Archimedes (Example #3)
Gravity = 30
Buoyant Force = 60
Positive Buoyancy
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Pascal’s Principle• Pressure applied to one place of a fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid.
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Pascal’s Principle
Liquid
What is pressure?
What type of fluid works best for this principle? Explain your answer.
P = AreaForce
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Pascal’s example
A B
Area of A = 8 cm2
Area of B = 50 cm2
Force = 10,000 NForce ?
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Break down the problem:
A B
P = AreaForce
1st solve for P in B
P = 50 cm210,000 N
P = 200 N cm2
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Break down the problem:
A B
2nd solve for F on A
P = AreaForce
F = P x A
F =200 N cm2
x 8 cm2
F = 1600 N