best available techniques reference document for the waste

For our Environment

Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Waste Water Treatment/Management in the Chemical Sector (BREF CWW)

Birgit Brahner Environmental engineerGerman Federal Environmental Agency

Outline

� Information regarding chemical industry in Germany

� Background regarding BREF Document

� Overview: BAT for the treatment of waste water in the chemical sector (CWW BREF)the chemical sector (CWW BREF)

� Monitoring

� Conclusions

22. April 2015 Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector 2

Inorganic basic

chemicals9%

Petro-chemicals

19%

Phama-ceuticals

20%

Detergents and personal care products

8%

Production structure of the German chemical/pharmac eutical industry

Production value in percent, 2013

22. April 2015 Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector

19%

Polymers20%

Fine & Specialty products

24%

20%

Source: Destatis, VCI

3

Commercial relevance of the chemical sector in Germ any

Share in sales of the manufacturing sector, 2013

21,0%

12,8%

36,4%



12,8%

11,0%10,1%

8,7%

Vehicleconstruction

Mechanical engineering

Chemical industry

Food Electricalengineering

Others

4

Size structure of the German chemical/pharmaceutica l industry

Share of enterprises in percent, 2012

> 500 staff142 companies

6,9%

companies total: 2.057



10 - 49 staff1.029

companies 50,0%

50 - 499 staff886

companies 43,1%

SME total: ca. 93%

5

Outline




� Monitoring

� Conclusions


Background regarding BREF documents

� Best available technique Reference Document (BREF document)

� Legally binding documents in the European Union (EU) defining the best available techniques (BAT), the emission levels associated with BAT and monitoring measures for relevant polluting industries

� Objective: “To achieve a high level of protection for the environment as a whole”

� BAT for a particular industrial sector is identified by an information � BAT for a particular industrial sector is identified by an information exchange process for each sector between EU member states, industry and environmental organisations

� Outcome of the information exchange is the BAT Reference document

� BAT is not only to install a specific technique but the overall concept how a plant or technique is designed, built, maintained and operated.

� BAT conclusions do not prescribe the use of specifi c techniques , but a level of environmental protection that shall be achieved by the application of BAT!


Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Documentsfor the Chemical Sector

• Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment / Management Systems in theChemical Sector (CWW)

• Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry (LVOC)

• Organic Fine Chemicals (OFC)


• Polymers (POL)

• Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals -Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers (LVIC – AAF)

• Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Solidsand Others (LVIC – S)

• Speciality Inorganic Chemicals (SIC)

• Production of Chlor-Alkali (CAK)

8

Common W aste Water and W aste Gas Treatment / Management Systems in the Chemical Sector (CWW BREF)� CWW is dealing with environmental issues for the whole chemical

industry, e.g. regarding waste water

− Environmental management systems− Water saving− Waste water management, collection and (pre)treatment

� Techniques listed and described are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive


� Techniques listed and described are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive

� binding is the described level of the environmental protection

� Process-integrated techniques and recovery of pollutants are dealt with in specific chemical BREFs

� The treatment/incineration of waste water sludge is dealt with in the

BREF „Waste Treatment Waste Incineration“

� The treatment of waste other than waste water sludge is dealt with in

the BREF “Waste treatment“9

Outline



� Overview: BAT for the treatment of waste water in the chemical sector (CWW BREF)in the chemical sector (CWW BREF)

� Monitoring

� Conclusions


Reduction of water usage and generation of waste wa terBAT is…

… to reduce the volume and/or load of waste water st reams

� direct waste water recycling, i.e. reuse of slightly contaminated waste water in other processes not influenced by these contaminants

� pretreatment of waste water and subsequent reuse (in the same or in another process),

� washing at high pressure and at a low flow rate

� implementing multiple use and recirculation operations

� using indirect cooling with vapour phases

� using water-free vacuum generation

� using solvents as the ring medium in vacuum pumps

� closed cycle liquid ring vacuum pumps

� counter current product washing

Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector22. April 2015 11

Management of waste water streams (I)

BAT is…

… to establish an inventory of waste water including the follow information

� chemical reaction equations, including side products

� simplified process flow sheets of all production steps and processes to show the origin of the emissions

� descriptions of process-integrated techniques and waste water treatment at source, pre-treatment installations and the final treatment

� average and variety of water volume and loads, pH, temperature and conductivity

� average concentrations and load values of relevant pollutants

� data on bioeliminability


Management of waste water streams (II)

BAT is… For multi-operator sites:

… to establish a convention to set out the roles,

responsibilities and coordination of operating

procedures for each plant operator

Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector

�� Clarifying the role, responsibilities, and coordination of operating

procedures of each operator/owner of an installation on the

industrial site and other parties of the convention regarding shared

(or linked) infrastructures, installations, activities and associated

resources

22. April 2015 13

Waste water collection and segregation

In order to prevent the contamination of uncontaminated water andreduce the emissions to water, BAT is…

… to segregate uncontaminated waste water streams from otherwaste water streams that require treatment

In order to prevent uncontrolled emissions to water, BAT is…


… to provide an appropriate buffer storage capacity for waste water incurred during other than normal conditions based on a risk assessment

� taking into account e.g. the nature of the pollutant, the effects on further treatment and the receiving environment)

and to take appropriatemeasures

� e.g. control, treat, reuse

22. April 2015 14

Waste water pretreatment

BAT is… … to pretreat waste water that contains pollutants that cannot be

dealt with adequately during final waste water treatment

� Toxic and poorly/non biodegradable compounds or metals

� Compounds that otherwise are stripped to air (e.g. volatile

halogenated organic compounds, benzene)

� Compounds that have other negative effects (e.g. corrosion of


� Compounds that have other negative effects (e.g. corrosion of

equipment, unwanted reaction with other substances,

contamination of the sludge)

� Protection of the final waste water plant

� Pretreatment has to be carried out as close as possible to the

source prior to blending

� No dilution please

22. April 2015 15

Waste water pretreatment: Waste water streams with relevant refractory organic load

� Classify waste water streams

− If bioeliminability < 80%: pretreatment is required

− if bioeliminability > 80% or if it is lower than 7.5 – 40 kg TOC per batch or per day: refractory organic load not relevant,


� Segregate and pretreat waste water streams containing relevant refractory organic load

� Pretreatment techniques (see OFC BREF, Chap. 4.3.7.1):

− Oxidative (incineration, chemical oxidation, …)

− Non-oxidative (distillation, stripping , adsorption,…)

� BAT is: overall COD elimination of > 95% (pretreatment and biological treatment)

22. April 2015 16

Waste water pretreatment: Remove of solvents in wastewater streams (I)

� High volumes used: high environmental impact of a process�recovery and re-use of solvents / utilisation of calorific value

� Recovery of solvents from waste water streams is always viable if

Costs for biological > Costs for recovery +


− Energy balance (in comparison to “biological treatment –stripping/ destillation/ thermal oxidation”) shows that natural fuel can be substituted

22. April 2015

Costs for biological treatment + purchase costs for fresh solvents

> Costs for recovery +purification

17

Example: Remove of solvents in waste water streams (II)

Examples for the removal of different solvents from waste water streams from example plant (Table 4.74, OFC BREF)

Input g/l Output g/l Removal of CHC content

Stripping with air 2 – 12 CHCs < 1 mg/l


Rectification 10 - 200 0.1 - 1 < 1 mg/l

Extractive reaction

50 - 200 1 - 10 Alcohols < 1 mg/l

Extraction 100 - 250 0.8 - 250.5 – 100.3 - 20

DMFAlcohols

< 1 mg/l

Final waste water treatment (I): BAT is use of appropriat e technique

Technique Typical pollutant abated Applicability

Preliminary and primary technique

Equalisation All polutants Generally applicable

Neutralisation Acids, alkalis Generally applicable

Physical separation Suspended solids Generally applicable

Biological treatment (secondary treatment), e.g.

Activated sludge process, Biodegradable organic Generally applicable

Waste water treatment: BAT in the chemical sector22. April 2015

Activated sludge process, membrane bioreactor

Biodegradable organiccompounds

Generally applicable

Phosphorous removal

Chemical precipitation Phosphorous Generally applicable

Final solid removal

Coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, flotation

Suspendid solids Generally applicable

19

Final waste water treatment (II): BAT is use of appropria te

technique (continuation of the table)

Description of techniquesTechnique Typical pollutant abated

Applicability

Nitrogen removal

Biological nitrification/

Total nitrogen, ammonia

Nitrification may not be applicable in case of high chloride


nitrification/ denitrification

ammonia in case of high chloride concentrations (i.e. around 10 g/l). Not applicable when the final treatment does not include a biological treatment.

20

Example: treatment of total effluent (I)


Figure 4.80 from OFC BREF: Treatment of the total effluent with twobiological and one activated carbon stages

21

Example: treatment of total effluent (II)

� Integrated measures and pretreatment of selected

waste water streams lead to a good biologically

treatable total effluent

� Achieved environmental benefits

− Elimination of organic load: 97 %


− Elimination of nitrogen: 80 %

− Elimination of phosphorous: 98.5 %

− High toxicity reduction, high stability versus toxic shocks

− Effective also for remaining low degradable substances

For further operational data see OFC BREF chapter 4.3.8.6, page 333

22

With BAT associated emission levels for TOC

Parameter CWW BREF 2014TOC in [mg/l]

TOC < 10 - 33

related upper TOC level if overall TOC removal = ≥ 90 % and well performing biological treatment and 33 [mg/l] can not

100


CWW 2014:

• Applicable above load threshold (COD: 10 t/year)

Various footnotes to understand the ranges given in the BREF

22. April 2015

biological treatment and 33 [mg/l] can not be achieved

related upper TOC level if overall TOC removal = ≥ 95 %, well performing bio-logical treatment and high inlet concentrations (> 2 g TOC/l ) and 100 [mg/l] can not be achieved

none

Average Yearly

23

Outline




� Monitoring

� Conclusions


Monitoring requirements for waste water (I)

� It is BAT to monitor the key process parameter as identified by the inventory of waste water streams (see slide 10)

�Substance/Parameter Minimum monitoring frequency24-hour –flow-proportional composite sample

Waste water flow, pH, temperature Continuously

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Daily


Total organic carbon (TOC) Daily

Total suspendid solids (TSS) Daily

Nitrogen (total or inorganic) Daily

Phosphorous Daily

Adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX)

Monthly

Metals (e.g. Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb) Monthly

Biotests To be decided based on risk assessment

25

Conclusions:� Establish an inventory of waste water to decide for the most

efficient and economic treatment technique

� Avoid waste water where possible

� Segregate waste water streams according to their pollutants

� Cluster your wastewater stream according to the biodegradability and pretreat waste water to reduce


biodegradability and pretreat waste water to reduce COD/TOC accordingly

� BAT is not only to install a specific technique but the overall concept how it is designed, built, maintained and operated

� Self monitoring is needed to:

− run the CETP in an over all optimized way− bring evidence for compliance with the environmental

norms

26

Thank you very much foryour attention

Birgit [email protected]

www.umweltbundesamt.de

Useful links

� Federal Environment Agency : http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/

� BREF Documents : http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ ,

http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/

� IED: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pollutants/stationary/

� Waste water ordinance : http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-� Waste water ordinance : http://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-

import/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/wastewater_ordinance.pdf
