Frank K. Wolf and Stefan Yamada

Data Modeling in SAP NetWeaver® BW

Bonn � Boston

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Contents at a Glance

1 Introduction ................................................................ 15

2 Basic Principles of Data Modeling .............................. 23

3 Overview of SAP NetWeaver BW and SAP BusinessObjects .................................................. 53

4 Structure of a BW Data Model ................................... 85

5 Reference Architecture for Data Modeling ................. 151

6 Business Content ........................................................ 185

7 Modeling the EDW ..................................................... 231

8 Data Modeling in the Reporting Layer ....................... 277

9 Case Studies ................................................................ 337

10 Data Modeling for Planning Applications .................. 403

11 Optimizing Data Retention ......................................... 447

12 Specific Data Modeling Issues in BW Projects ........... 471

13 Summary and Outlook ................................................ 487

A Abbreviations .............................................................. 495

B Transactions ................................................................ 501

C Programs ..................................................................... 509

D Function Modules and Includes .................................. 513

E Tables .......................................................................... 517

F Delta Processes ........................................................... 519

G Posting Keys ................................................................ 521

H Glossary ....................................................................... 527

I Literature ..................................................................... 531

J The Authors ................................................................. 535

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7

Contents

1 Introduction ................................................................. 15

1.1 Target Audience ............................................................ 171.2 Structure of the Book .................................................... 181.3 How to Use This Book .................................................. 201.4 Acknowledgments ........................................................ 21

2 Basic Principles of Data Modeling .............................. 23

2.1 SAP NetWeaver BW as a Data Warehouse (DWH) System .............................................................. 24

2.2 Conceptual, Logical, and Physical Data Model .............. 262.3 Modeling Methods ....................................................... 27

2.3.1 ER Model ......................................................... 272.3.2 ADAPT Model .................................................. 29

2.4 Conceptual Multidimensional Modeling ....................... 332.4.1 Dimensions ...................................................... 342.4.2 Key Figures ....................................................... 36

2.5 Logical Multidimensional Modeling .............................. 422.5.1 Flat Reporting Structure ................................... 422.5.2 Star Schema ..................................................... 442.5.3 Galaxies ............................................................ 462.5.4 Fact Constellation Schema ................................ 472.5.5 Snowflake Schema ............................................ 482.5.6 BW Star Schema ............................................... 492.5.7 Operational Data Store (ODS) .......................... 50

2.6 Physical Multidimensional Modeling ............................. 512.7 Conclusion .................................................................... 51

3 Overview of SAP NetWeaver BW and SAP BusinessObjects ................................................... 53

3.1 SAP NetWeaver ............................................................ 533.1.1 Service Orientation ........................................... 54

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Contents

3.1.2 Key Areas of SAP NetWeaver ............................ 553.2 Overview of SAP NetWeaver BW 7.x ............................. 58

3.2.1 Administration and Metadata Management ..... 603.2.2 Overview of Reporting and Analysis

Using SAP NetWeaver BW ............................... 643.2.3 BEx Query Designer .......................................... 663.2.4 BEx Web Analyzer ............................................ 683.2.5 BEx Analyzer .................................................... 693.2.6 BEx WAD ......................................................... 703.2.7 BEx Report Designer ......................................... 713.2.8 BEx Broadcaster ................................................ 733.2.9 SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer ..................... 73

3.3 SAP BusinessObjects ..................................................... 763.3.1 Web Intelligence .............................................. 773.3.2 Crystal Reports ................................................. 783.3.3 Xcelsius ............................................................ 793.3.4 SAP BusinessObjects Universes ......................... 803.3.5 SAP BusinessObjects Live Office ....................... 813.3.6 SAP BusinessObjects Explorer ........................... 81

3.4 Conclusion .................................................................... 82

4 Structure of a BW Data Model .................................... 85

4.1 InfoObjects ................................................................... 864.1.1 Characteristics .................................................. 884.1.2 Key Figures ....................................................... 994.1.3 Currencies and Units ........................................ 1104.1.4 Times ............................................................... 112

4.2 Master Data in SAP NetWeaver BW .............................. 1134.2.1 Texts ................................................................ 1134.2.2 Attributes ......................................................... 1164.2.3 External Hierarchies .......................................... 120

4.3 DSOs ............................................................................ 1284.3.1 Creating DSOs .................................................. 1294.3.2 Standard DSO .................................................. 1314.3.3 Write-Optimized DSO ...................................... 1344.3.4 DSO for Direct Update ..................................... 1354.3.5 Summary Comparison of DSOs ......................... 136

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Contents

4.4 InfoCubes ..................................................................... 1374.4.1 Physical Data Model ......................................... 1384.4.2 Modeling an InfoCube ...................................... 139

4.5 Providers for Real-Time Data Access .............................. 1414.5.1 Direct Access with VirtualProviders .................. 1424.5.2 RDA ................................................................. 145

4.6 Conclusion .................................................................... 148

5 Reference Architecture for Data Modeling .................. 151

5.1 LSA ............................................................................... 1525.1.1 Procedure when Developing a

Customer-Specific LSA ...................................... 1535.1.2 Layer Model of the Reference Architecture ....... 1545.1.3 Domains ........................................................... 1675.1.4 LSA Assistant Building Blocks ........................... 1705.1.5 LSA and Flexibility When Making Changes ....... 172

5.2 Naming Conventions .................................................... 1755.3 Information Integration as a Prerequisite for

Cross-Sectional Evaluations ........................................... 1805.4 Conclusion .................................................................... 183

6 Business Content ......................................................... 185

6.1 Basic Principles ............................................................. 1866.2 Master Data in SAP NetWeaver BW .............................. 190

6.2.1 Customer ......................................................... 1916.2.2 Material ........................................................... 1926.2.3 Organizational Characteristics ........................... 1936.2.4 Accounts .......................................................... 1956.2.5 Employees ........................................................ 1956.2.6 Time Characteristics .......................................... 1966.2.7 Currencies ........................................................ 198

6.3 SAP NetWeaver BW in FI .............................................. 2006.3.1 G/L Reporting .................................................. 2006.3.2 Accounts Receivable Reporting ........................ 2016.3.3 Accounts Payable Reporting ............................. 2026.3.4 Asset Accounting Reporting ............................. 203

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Contents

6.3.5 Special Purpose Ledger Reporting .................... 2046.3.6 Travel Expense Reporting ................................. 205

6.4 SAP NetWeaver BW in CO ............................................ 2056.4.1 Cost Center Reporting and Overhead

Cost Reporting ................................................. 2066.4.2 Product Cost Reporting .................................... 2096.4.3 Profitability Analysis Reporting ......................... 2106.4.4 Profit Center Reporting .................................... 212

6.5 SAP NetWeaver BW in SD ............................................ 2126.5.1 Quotation and Order Reporting

(Application 11) ............................................... 2176.5.2 Delivery Reporting (Application 12) ................. 2196.5.3 Invoice Reporting (Application 13) ................... 219

6.6 SAP NetWeaver BW in HR ............................................ 2206.6.1 Personnel Administration Reporting

(0HR_PA*) ........................................................ 2206.6.2 Time Management Reporting (0HR_PT*) .......... 2216.6.3 Payroll Reporting (0HR_PY*) ............................ 222

6.7 Classification Data ........................................................ 2226.8 Activation and Enhancement ........................................ 223

6.8.1 Activating Business Content in SAP ECC ........... 2236.8.2 Activating Business Content in

SAP NetWeaver BW ......................................... 2246.8.3 Enhancing a DataSource ................................... 2256.8.4 Reading Information in the BW Backend .......... 226

6.9 Miscellaneous ............................................................... 2296.10 Conclusion .................................................................... 229

7 Modeling the EDW ...................................................... 231

7.1 Reference Architecture for Staging Scenarios ................. 2327.2 Defining Inbound Interfaces .......................................... 2337.3 Delta Process ................................................................ 2357.4 Modeling Data Storage ................................................. 2397.5 Transformations ............................................................ 241

7.5.1 Important Rule Types ....................................... 2447.5.2 Start, End, and Expert Routines ........................ 246

7.6 Domain Creation and Central Transformations .............. 248

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Contents

7.7 Process Chains .............................................................. 2507.8 Load Control ................................................................. 2537.9 Master Data .................................................................. 256

7.9.1 Special Features When Loading Master Data .... 2577.9.2 Integrating Multiple Sources ............................. 2627.9.3 Staging Texts .................................................... 2687.9.4 Staging Hierarchies ........................................... 2707.9.5 SAP NetWeaver MDM .................................... 270

7.10 Data Timeliness and History Management .................... 2717.11 Conclusion .................................................................... 274

8 Data Modeling in the Reporting Layer ........................ 277

8.1 Architecture of the Reporting Layer .............................. 2788.2 Modeling and Optimization of InfoCubes ..................... 282

8.2.1 Modeling ......................................................... 2838.2.2 Aggregates ....................................................... 2938.2.3 Compression .................................................... 2958.2.4 Partitioning ...................................................... 2978.2.5 OLAP Cache ..................................................... 2988.2.6 SAP NetWeaver BWA ....................................... 299

8.3 Enhanced InfoCube Modeling ....................................... 3008.3.1 Virtual Key Figures and Characteristics .............. 3008.3.2 Exception Aggregation ..................................... 3048.3.3 Restricted and Calculated Key Figures .............. 307

8.4 Virtual Layer ................................................................. 3098.4.1 MultiProvider in the Virtual Layer ..................... 3098.4.2 InfoSets in the Virtual Layer ............................. 319

8.5 Universes in SAP BusinessObjects ................................. 3248.5.1 SAP BusinessObjects Universes on the

Basis of SAP NetWeaver BW ............................ 3258.5.2 Defining the Universe on a DataProvider

or Query .......................................................... 3268.5.3 Revising the Universe ....................................... 332

8.6 Conclusion .................................................................... 336

9 Case Studies ................................................................. 337

9.1 Modeling According to LSA Principles .......................... 337

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12

Contents

9.1.1 Introduction of the Application Case ................ 3389.1.2 Interface Description for the Source System ..... 3389.1.3 Formation of Layers and Data Storage .............. 3409.1.4 Domain Formation ........................................... 3439.1.5 Creating Application Components .................... 3459.1.6 Implementing Flat File DataSources .................. 3479.1.7 Defining Data Storage and InfoSources ............. 3489.1.8 Setting Up the Data Flow ................................. 3499.1.9 Implementing Central Transformations with

Characteristic Routines ..................................... 3519.1.10 Creating the Process Chain ............................... 3539.1.11 Setting Up the Reporting and Virtual Layer ....... 3559.1.12 Conclusion ....................................................... 364

9.2 Case Study Using Business Content ............................... 3659.2.1 Processes in Accounts Receivable Accounting ... 3669.2.2 Aging Grid Analyses ......................................... 3719.2.3 Payment History ............................................... 3759.2.4 DSO Determination .......................................... 3769.2.5 Credit Management ......................................... 3839.2.6 Dunning History ............................................... 3849.2.7 Cash Reporting ................................................. 3869.2.8 Sales Reporting ................................................ 3939.2.9 Overall View of AR Reporting ........................... 400

9.3 Conclusion .................................................................... 401

10 Data Modeling for Planning Applications ................... 403

10.1 Planning System and Control System Requirements ...... 40410.2 Overview of BW Integrated Planning ............................ 407

10.2.1 Components of a Planning Application ............. 40810.2.2 Diagram of a Planning Application ................... 41010.2.3 Modeling Alternatives ...................................... 412

10.3 Case Study — Cost Planning on the Cost Center Level .... 41410.3.1 Initial Situation ................................................. 41410.3.2 Transferring Actual Data ................................... 41510.3.3 Modeling the Planning InfoCube ...................... 41710.3.4 Creating the Integrated Plan/Actual View ......... 41710.3.5 Defining the Aggregation Level ........................ 419

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Contents

10.3.6 Structure of an Input Layout ............................. 42110.3.7 Extension – Data Formatting for

Actual Data Transfer ......................................... 42310.4 Specific Modeling Issues ............................................... 430

10.4.1 Key Figures and Account Model ....................... 43010.4.2 Tracking Changes to a Plan ............................... 43210.4.3 Status Management and Version

Management .................................................... 43510.4.4 Retraction ........................................................ 43710.4.5 Transferring Subplans ....................................... 441

10.5 Conclusion .................................................................... 444

11 Optimizing Data Retention ......................................... 447

11.1 ILM .............................................................................. 44811.1.1 Data Lifecycle in SAP NetWeaver BW ............... 44911.1.2 ILM for InfoCubes and DataStore Objects ......... 45111.1.3 ILM for Master Data ......................................... 45511.1.4 ILM for Change Log and Log Data .................... 45511.1.5 ILM and LSA .................................................... 456

11.2 Optimizing the Data Model .......................................... 45711.2.1 Analyzing the Data Model ................................ 45911.2.2 Changing the Fact Table ................................... 46111.2.3 Changing the Dimension Model ....................... 46311.2.4 Changing DSOs ................................................ 46411.2.5 Changing InfoObjects ....................................... 46511.2.6 Remodeling Function ....................................... 46711.2.7 Activation Programs ......................................... 469

11.3 Conclusion .................................................................... 469

12 Specific Data Modeling Issues in BW Projects ........... 471

12.1 General Conditions ....................................................... 47112.2 The BW Functional Specification ................................... 473

12.2.1 Process Description and Business Issues ........... 47412.2.2 Functional Description of the Transformation

of Characteristics .............................................. 475

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Contents

12.2.3 Functional Description of the Transformation of Key Figures .................................................. 476

12.2.4 Data Model in the Functional Specification ...... 47712.2.5 Reporting/User Interface .................................. 47812.2.6 Time Aspects of Data Load Processes and Data

Retention ......................................................... 47912.2.7 Authorization ................................................... 48112.2.8 Validation ......................................................... 484

12.3 Specifications of the IT Department .............................. 48412.4 Conclusion .................................................................... 486

13 Summary and Outlook ................................................. 487

Appendices ........................................................................ 493

A Abbreviations ......................................................................... 495B Transactions ........................................................................... 501C Programs ................................................................................ 509D Function Modules and Includes .............................................. 513

D.1 Function Modeuls ......................................................... 513D.2 Includes ........................................................................ 515

E Tables ..................................................................................... 517F Delta Processes ...................................................................... 519G Posting Keys ........................................................................... 521H Glossary ................................................................................. 527I Literature ............................................................................... 531J The Authors ........................................................................... 535

Index ............................................................................................ 536

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15

Introduction1

Analysis-oriented information systems are used to support planning and strategic processes. They provide enterprises with current and histori-cal data. Analysis-oriented information systems are frequently based on a data warehouse in which relevant data is collected, formatted, and made available. The core of a data warehouse is a (usually relational) database.

With SAP® NetWeaver Business Warehouse (BW), SAP provides a solu-tion that includes all of the required components for setting up a data warehouse architecture. In addition to the basic technology for data retention, the system provides all of the essential components for evalu-ating the data stored in BW, that is, reporting tools, data mining meth-ods, and an option for a portal connection. One essential feature when compared to other solutions is SAP’s Business Content, which includes preconfigured sample solutions for various business areas.

Although BW supplies predefined content, a BW implementation is basi-cally an individual solution. This is necessary, because users’ require-ments and preferences are as diverse as their business models and cor-porate cultures. Moreover, BW content is developed continuously. The modification of business strategies, the mapping of new business pro-cesses, or quite simply the emergence of new analytical problems all result in — and indeed require — the further development of content mapped in BW to ensure the goal of supplying an enterprise with rel-evant information.

Before it can be stored in BW, the content is systematically structured (into a data model) on the basis of the technical relevance of the content that is supposed to be mapped. This structure in turn determines the available options for data analyses. Besides the evaluation options for content and restrictions resulting from the data model, further criteria that can affect the data model’s quality have to be considered, such as the performance of the data retrieval (report execution) and the time and effort involved in making modifications to the model (flexibility of

SAP NetWeaver BW

Data model

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16

1 Introduction

modifications), both defining the acceptance and therefore the success of a BW implementation. These aspects are essentially determined by the data model, which has been created for mapping the content.

Your enterprise’s or organization’s experience with analysis-oriented information systems will be just as varied as the requirements you place on the content in the BW system. A solution is often developed gradu-ally (see Figure 1.1), from a simple reporting solution, to more complex Excel-based analyses, to solutions that are based on a department-related dataset (so-called data marts) or, in a further step, on a company-wide, integrated dataset (the data warehouse). It can be frustrating at this point (see the gap in Figure 1.1) if, for example, you notice that it takes too long to implement technical requirements or load data, or if you find that the acceptance of the BW system in the company is at risk, which stalls further development of the system.

Before Birth Baby Child Teenager Adult Wise

ManagementReporting

Spread(Sheet)Marts

DataMarts

DataWarehouse

Enterprise DataWarehouse

BI Services

Gap

Bre

ak

Business ValueSemantic IntegrationData Consolidation

Transition from IT-Drivento Function-DrivenApplications

Phases in the Business Intelligence (BI) Maturity Model (TDWI, 2007)Figure1.1

When introducing a BW system, you don’t need to start from scratch and learn everything the hard way. Business Content makes it easier for you to reconcile and integrate content. DataSources and basic modules of the Business Content’s data model (characteristics and key data) are often integrated in the implementation.

Maturity model

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17

Target Audience 1.1

As of Release 7.x, BW provides technologies that enable the develop-ment of an architecture facilitating the integration of user departments and the consideration of their interests within the overall architecture. This helps you bridge the gap more efficiently and develop a “mature system” that has the necessary support within the user departments.

At the core of the implementation of requirements is the data model — whether it is on a logical level as the basis for reconciliation and discus-sion with the user department or as a high-performing physical model that supports data loading (staging) and data retrieval (reporting). More-over, new technologies, such as Nearline Storage (NLS) for outsourcing data or Business Warehouse Accelerator (BWA) for high-performing data retrieval, must also be integrated at the physical model level. The inte-gration of these technologies requires a coherent architecture of the data model. It becomes clear that the issue of data modeling in BW is very complex and not limited to the consideration of conventional modeling types for data-warehouse systems (for example, the star schema, a denor-malized type of data storage). The physical mapping of the data store even takes a back seat to some extent, because the BW system generates these structures. Instead, the optimization of the architecture, especially the formation of so-called layers, assumes particular significance. These layers help you standardize the development and ensure a high degree of flexibility with regard to modifications to the data model.

Target Audience1.1

This book addresses those who need to know how to design and develop new content in BW or how to optimize existing content. The emphasis is on growth-oriented modeling and the design of an extensible data model. This means you can benefit from this book if you’ve started with a small implementation at first, but also if you want to gradually optimize the data modeling of an existing system and use new technologies.

For BW consultants and developers (internal and external), this book is a good starting point for familiarizing yourself with data modeling. Besides the conventional data modeling concepts, you also get to know the specific characteristics of the BW data model and a reference architec-ture, which helps you standardize and design a future-oriented model.

Consultants and developers

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1 Introduction

This book also addresses employees of user departments responsible for defining and communicating (new) requirements. On the one hand, the methods for logical data modeling are useful when describing require-ments; on the other hand, the explanations on the reference architecture in this book provide knowledge about methods every project member should be acquainted with. The explanations on Business Content and the modeling examples also teach you how to efficiently model data using Business Content.

The sections on reference architecture are of particular interest for deci-sion makers and project leads who want to address these critical issues and consider them in their departments or projects.

Structure of the Book1.2

This book first provides the necessary background information on data modeling in general and on the BW data model in particular.

Knowing the individual modules of the data model, this book discusses the concepts of the reference architecture introduced by SAP, the Lay-ered, Scalable Architecture (LSA). This architecture describes multiple layers with different tasks. Each of these tasks requires an appropriately adapted data model. After covering these special features, the theory is applied to concrete case studies from real life. The topics “data model-ing for planning applications,” “optimization of data retention for plan-ning applications,” and “special aspects of data modeling” round off the book.

This book is divided into the following chapters:

Chapter 2, Basic Principles of Data Modeling, describes the required conceptual principles of data modeling. It introduces modeling methods and discusses the logical, conceptual, and physical level of a BW data model.

Chapter 3, Overview of SAP NetWeaver BW and SAP BusinessObjects, provides an overview of the diversity of reports and evaluations that can be implemented on the basis of SAP NetWeaver BW. The tools intro-duced in this chapter are the interface between data model and user. In addition to SAP Business Explorer (BEx) front ends, you also get to know SAP BusinessObjects.

User department employees

Decision makers and project leads

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19

Structure of the Book 1.2

Chapter 4, Structure of a BW Data Model, details the various types of DataProviders that are used to store and provide data in SAP NetWeaver BW.

Now that you’re familiar with the individual modules of the BW data model, Chapter 5, Reference Architecture for Data Modeling, addresses the structure of an architecture in which the individual DataProviders are organized in layers. In this context, you have to distinguish between two areas: the area in which data is formatted in such a way that you can easily use them for various analysis contexts (Enterprise Data Ware-house (EDW) Layer) and the area that provides analysis datasets for spe-cific issues (Reporting Layer). These two areas place completely different requirements on the data modeling types that are discussed in Chapters 7 and 8.

Business Content is covered in Chapter 6, Business Content. Business Content refers to predefined content that is related to specific business application fields. This chapter provides numerous tips on how to effi-ciently develop your own solutions using Business Content.

Chapter 7, Modeling the Enterprise Data Warehouse, provides details on the specific modeling aspects of the EDW Layer. Besides data integration and storage, the chapter also describes transformations that are used to process data in BW. The implementation of process chains and a loading process control round off this chapter.

The essential goal of the data warehouse is to provide data in such a way that it can be queried with a high performance. To do this, a special layer, the Reporting Layer, is modeled. Because reporting requirements can change frequently, in addition to the performance, flexibility is also a critical goal for the modeling of the Reporting Layer. Chapter 8 deals with data modeling in the Reporting Layer.

Chapter 9, Case Studies, applies the newly acquired knowledge to two concrete case studies. The first case study describes the layered, Scalable Architecture (LSA), where the respective data model is developed and implemented step by step. The second case study discusses the use of Business Content with examples of various representative application cases.

With BW-integrated planning, SAP has created a planning solution that is based directly on a BW data model and also writes to such a data

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1 Introduction

model. Some alternative modeling options are possible here. Chapter 10, Data Modeling for Planning Applications, discusses the correspond-ing issues.

In Chapter 11, Optimizing Data Retention, you learn how to secure your investments in the BW data model for the long term, make them more economical, and adjust them to new requirements.

Chapter 12, Data Modeling in BW Projects, summarizes some BW-spe-cific data modeling aspects.

After a brief outlook in Chapter 13, the Appendix provides a selection of useful information: abbreviations, transaction codes, programs, function modules, includes, tables, posting keys, literature, and a glossary.

How to Use This Book1.3

For readers who want to enter the world of data modeling, Chapter 2 introduces the basic principles of data modeling.

If you’re already acquainted with the theoretical principles of data mod-eling in data warehouse environments but you’re new to SAP NetWeaver BW world, Chapter 3 provides an overview of the modeling tool, of the Data Warehousing Workbench, and of the BW reporting tools. Alter-natively, you can start with Chapter 4 and directly turn to the structure of the BW data model. Chapters 7 (structure of the EDW Layer) and 8 (structure of the Reporting Layer) detail further data modeling aspects, particularly with regard to the layer architecture introduced in Chapter 5. Depending on your fields of interest, you can read Chapter 6, Chapter 10, and Chapter 12. Chapter 11 provides tips for optimizing and remod-eling data retention and data modeling.

If you already have experience with working in BW and are looking for architecture or data modeling improvements, you should read the expla-nations on the LSA, SAP’s reference architecture, described in Chapter 5. In addition, the descriptions of the specific modeling topics in Chapters 7 and 8 provide detailed information about the topics relevant for you. You can read Chapter 10 and Chapter 11.

Readers who specifically deal with the implementation of new technolo-gies and want to analyze their effects on data modeling can directly start

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21

Acknowledgments 1.4

with the respective chapters, that is, Chapter 10 regarding the integration of planning applications and Chapter 11 regarding NLS solutions and remodeling. Chapter 8 also addresses BWA. However, you should read Chapter 5 on the LSA first. This architecture lays the foundation for a flexible integration of new technologies with the existing solution.

It was very important to us to include our wealth of experience gained in numerous BW projects. Therefore, Chapter 6 and the case studies in Chapter 9 introduce many application cases from real life and their mod-eling. Chapter 12 discusses the special features of BW project manage-ment. If you face the challenge of having to map specific topics in BW, these explanations can be invaluable— and considerably accelerate the processing of projects.

To make it easier for you to work with this book, we use specific icons to highlight certain sections:

The tips marked with this icon provide recommendations from real life, which will make your work easier.

Notes marked with this icon contain information on critical require-ments or effects you should always take into account.

This icon refers to examples that explain the topic discussed in more detail and are supposed to illustrate how to use the individual functions in your enterprise.

Acknowledgments1.4

Numerous colleagues and friends contributed to the successful comple-tion of this book. They answered questions, provided tips, and were valuable discussion partners — every one of them deserves a big thank-you.

Sincere thanks are also due to Eva Tripp at SAP PRESS, who supported this book project all of the way, from concept to completion. Her effec-tive and great collaboration was a valuable contribution to the realization of this book project.

Above all, we’d like to thank our families. Numerous weekends and eve-nings, our wives, Dr. Makiko Wolf and Juri Yamada, had to do without their husbands, and our children, Hannah Marie, Paul Yoshi, Kakuei, and

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22

1 Introduction

Kento, without their fathers. They tolerated this with patience and still gave us the necessary support and confidence to finish this book.

Frank K. Wolf frank.wolf@triple-a.de

Stefan Yamada stefan.yamada@gmail.com

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537

Index

0RECORDMODE, 2364-byte integer, 45

A

ABAP Dictionary, 188Account-based profitability analysis, 211Account model, 36, 430, 443Accounts Payable Reporting, 202Accounts receivable accounting, 365

clearing, 367clearing of a payment, 386, 388credit memo, 367depreciations of receivables, 391down payment, 368incoming payment, 368, 386, 389irrecoverable debt, 369outgoing invoice, 366payment difference, 369process, 366reversal, 368wrongly assigned incoming payment, 389

Accounts Receivable Reporting, 201Activation, 132, 462Activation program, 468, 469

RSAOS_DATASOURCE_ACTIVATE, 469RSDG_CUBE_ACTIVATE, 469RSDG_IOBJ_ACTIVATE, 469RSDG_MPRO_ACTIVATE, 469RSDG_ODSO_ACTIVATE, 469RS_TRANSTRU_ACTIVATE_ALL, 469

Activation queue, 132Active data, 131Activity, 206Actual data InfoCube, 411Actual data transfer, 423Actual value, 206Actual working time, 221ADAPT, 27, 51

attribute, 30Bulos, 29connection type, 31context, 31core ADAPT icon, 30cube, 30cube model, 32dimension, 30example, 32exclusive or, 31hierarchy, 30icons, 29level, 30member, 30model, 31or relationship, 31partial exclusive or, 31partial or, 31relationship type, 31scope, 30

Additive delta, 208Ad hoc report, 77ADM, 155, 162Administrator Workbench -> see Data Warehousing Workbench, 60After image, 203, 238After-image, 200Aggregate, 293, 298, 363, 527

for hierarchies, 294key dateñdependent, 294maintain, 293

Aggregation behavior, 40, 41, 102, 120, 163Aggregation level, 408, 412, 419, 433Aggregation -> see Aggregation behavior, 102Aggregation type, 244Analysis authorization, 482

different view, 484mult-dimensional authorization, 483suppressing the details level, 482

Analysis dataset, 164

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538

Index

Analysis Process Designer (APD), 135Analysis tool, 59API, 252APO, 186, 229Append, 189Append structure, 186Application component hierarchy, 63Application components, 345Application logs, 456Application platform, 57Appraisal, 220Architected Data Mart Layer -> see Reporting Layer, 155Architected Data Mart -> see ADM, 155Archiving, 450Archiving object, 451Area

key figures, 287Aspect

time, 486Asset Accounting Reporting, 203Assistant Building Block, 153A table, 216Attribute, 89, 95, 116, 527Audit, 170Authorization, 175, 316, 474, 481

transactional, 481Authorization requirement

complex, 486Availability, 167

B

BAdIFIAA_BW_DELTA_UPDATE, 203

Balance carryforward, 204, 212Balanced Scorecard, 404Balanced structure, 35BAPI, 142Base Unit of Measure, 91Basic SAP system, 24Batch job, 439Before aggregation, 41Before image, 215, 238Benefits Administration, 220

BEx, 64, 90, 486, 527BEx Analyzer, 64, 69, 422, 527BEx Broadcaster, 527BEx Information Broadcaster, 65, 73BEx Query Designer, 64, 66, 421, 527BEx Report Designer, 65, 71BEx Web Analyzer, 65, 68BEx Web Application Designer, 65, 70, 410, 422, 527BI Content -> see Business Content, 185Billing, 219Bill of material, 209BI Service API, 233BI strategy, 407B-tree index, 460Budget, 206Business case, 475Business Content, 87, 178, 185, 190, 223, 475, 527

activating, 223, 224assessement for case study, 401case study, 365Controlling, 205enhancement, 223Financial Accounting, 200Human Resources, 220Sales and Distribution, 212transfer, 224

Business Explorer -> see BEx, 64Business issues, 474Business Transformation Layer, 155, 163Business Warehouse Accelerator -> see BWA, 82BW

not client-enabled, 193BWA, 82, 299BWA index, 299BW architecture, 58BW-BPS, 403, 437BW hierarchy, 35BW integrated planning, 403, 407, 410BW Integrated Planning, 407BW object, 85BW project, 23

responsibility, 471

346 Book.indb 538 7/6/10 5:58:04 PM

539

Index

C

CAF, 57Calculated key figure, 40Calculation

complex, 42Calculation level, 41Calculations before aggregation, 375Calendar day, 197Calendar month, 197Calendar year, 197Calendar year/month, 197Calendar year/quarter, 197Calendar year/week, 197Case study, 337Cash

negative, 390Cash reporting, 386CATS, 221Change attribute only, 466Change log, 455Characteristic, 88

add, 461change compound, 466change conversion routine, 466change hierarchies, 466change key, 466change language dependency, 466change master data, 466change texts, 466change time dependency, 466delete, 462transformation, 475virtual, 300, 363

Characteristic derivation, 319Characteristic InfoObject, 86Characteristic keys, 45Characteristic node, 122, 124Characteristic relationship, 409Characteristic structure

flat, 35Characteristic Value, 89Chart of accounts, 194, 195CI_BSID, 201CI_BSIK, 203CI_BSIS, 201CIF, 151

CI include, 201, 203Class, 333Classification, 187Classification data, 222Classifications

multiple-value, 223Classification system, 192, 222Cleansing, 170Client, 193Closed loop, 58Clustering change, 463Cluster PCL2, 221CO, 185Cockpit, 79Commitment, 206, 207, 208Company code, 194, 383Company code currency, 199, 205Compensation Management, 220Complex calculation, 42Composite Application Framework -> see CAF, 57Compound, 460

change, 466Compounding, 97, 119, 191Compression, 295, 296Condition, 216Condition subtotal 1-6, 216Condition type, 216Condition value, 216Consultation process, 435Content

Technical, 229Control characteristic, 373Controlling area, 193Controlling area currency, 199, 206Control table, 254Conversion routine, 196, 466

ALPHA, 467change, 466GJAHR, 467NUMC, 467

Converting, 427CO-PA, 187, 210Corporate Information Factory -> see CIF, 151Corporate Memory (Layer), 155, 158, 218

346 Book.indb 539 7/6/10 5:58:04 PM

540

Index

Cost center, 194, 209Cost element, 195Cost element planning, 414Costing-based profitability analysis, 211Cost Object Controlling, 209Countback method, 39, 42, 202Counter, 103Coupling, 200Coverage analysis, 38Credit control area, 383Credit limit, 192Credit management, 383

dynamic credit review, 383Cross-Application Time Sheet data, 221Crystal Reports, 78Cube, 33Cumulative value, 42, 105, 106Currencies in FI, 199Currency, 101, 110, 198

in CO, 199in Sales and Distribution, 199

Currency InfoObject, 86Currency translation, 199Currency type, 199, 205Currency unit, 199Customer exit, 222, 226Customer group, 192Customer hierarchy, 192Customer LSA, 153Customer master, 192Customer namespace, 188Customer reporting, 192Customer Service BW, 214

D

Daily work schedule, 221Data

historical, 480Data Acquisition Layer, 155, 156, 218, 240, 341Data archiving process, 451Database parameter, 328Data cube, 138Data Federator, 181Data field, 131

Data flow, 63, 257, 260, 349Data granularity, 242Data import process, 190Data integration, 267Data lifecycle, 449, 479Data Manager, 406Data mart, 169Data Mart Layer, 164, 277Data model, 186, 406, 407, 474

analysis, 459conceptual, 26, 33functional requirement, 471granularity, 374in the technical concept, 477logical, 26, 42physical, 27

Data Modelphysical, 138

Data modeling, 23, 411, 471multidimensional, 34optimization, 457specifications of the IT department, 485

Data Propagation Layer, 155, 161, 218, 240, 351Data protection, 158Data quality, 160, 170Data retention period, 479Data slice, 409Data source, 154, 233DataSource, 63, 186, 234, 339, 348, 424, 528

0CA_TS_IS_1, 2210CA_TS_IS_2, 2210CO_OM_CCA_1, 2070CO_OM_CCA_4, 2070CO_OM_CCA_9, 2070CO_OM_CCA_10, 2070CO_OM_OPA_1, 2070CO_OM_OPA_4, 2070CO_OM_OPA_6, 2070CO_OM_OPA_7, 2070CO_OM_WBS_1, 2070CO_OM_WBS_4, 2070CO_OM_WBS_6, 2070CO_OM_WBS_7, 2070CO_PC_01, 209

346 Book.indb 540 7/6/10 5:58:04 PM

541

Index

0CO_PC_02, 2090CO_PC_PCP_01 to 04, 2090EC_PCA_1, 2120EC_PCA_2, 2120EC_PCA_3, 2120EC_PCA_4, 2120FI_AA_11, 2030FI_AA_12, 2030FI_AP_4, 200, 2030FI_AP_6, 2030FI_AR_4, 200, 201, 3650FI_AR_5, 2010FI_AR_6, 2010FI_AR_9, 201, 3830FI_GL_3, 2000FI_GL_4, 200, 369, 3930FI_GL_14, 2010FI_TAX_4, 2000FI_TV_01, 2050FI_TV_02, 2050HR_PA_0, 2210HR_PA_1, 2210HR_PA_PA_1, 2210HR_PT_1, 2210HR_PT_2, 2210HR_PT_3, 2210HR_PY_1, 2220HR_PY_1_CE, 2220HR_PY_PP_1, 2220HR_PY_PP_2, 2220PA_C01, 2212LIS_11_VA0HDR, 2172LIS_11_VA0ITM, 2172LIS_11_VA0KON, 2172LIS_11_VA0SCL, 2172LIS_11_VASTH, 2182LIS_11_VASTI, 2182LIS_11_V_ITM, 2182LIS_11_V_SCL, 2182LIS_11_V_SSL, 2182LIS_12_VCHDR, 2192LIS_12_VCITM, 2192LIS_12_VCSCL, 2192LIS_13_VDHDR, 2192LIS_13_VDITM, 2202LIS_13_VDKON, 2203FI_GL_XX_SI, 201

3FI_SL_XX_SI, 2043FI_SL_XX_TT, 204application-specific/customer-specific, 186delta line item, 401for RDA, 146generic, 186, 187

DataSource tree, 345Data staging, 471, 472Data storage, 171, 239DataStore Object -> see DSO, 128Data target, 154Data timeliness, 271Data validation, 484Data warehouse, 23, 25Data Warehouse, 528Data Warehousing Workbench, 60, 411, 527Days Payable Outstanding, 202Days sales outstanding, 376DB Connect, 233, 528Debit/credit indicator, 209Debit type, 206Decimal key figure, 102Definition of the load cycle, 480Delay in payment, 375Delete dimension entry, 464Delete multiple dimension records, 462Delete transformation, 259, 260Delta

additive, 208generic, 384

Delta function, 209Delta mode, 236

ABR, 215Delta process, 133, 162, 200, 235, 519, 528Delta processing, 239Delta queue, 204, 215Delta update, 203Delta upload, 272Demo Content, 229Denormalization, 43Depreciation, 203Derivation, 163Design guidelines, 458Detail level, 23

346 Book.indb 541 7/6/10 5:58:04 PM

542

Index

Details level, 376Determination rule, 476Difference, 42Dimension, 34, 287, 290, 333, 528

add, 463change the order of characteristics, 463conceptual, 36delete, 463

Dimensioning, 291Dimension key, 44Dimension model

analysis, 460change dimension assignment, 464changing the..., 463remodeling, 464

Dimension recorddeletion of multiple..., 462

Dimension table, 45, 460change the indexing, 464normalized, 48

Dimension type, 35DIM ID, 460, 462DIM-ID, 49Direct access , 142Direct costs, 206Direct input, 284Display attribute, 190, 527Distribution channel, 194Division, 194Document currency, 199Document level, 371Document master data, 191Domain creation, 163, 167, 175, 248Domain creation -> see Domain creation, 167Domain formation, 280, 342, 343Domain -> see Domain formation, 343Domains -> see Domain creation, 167DPO, 202Drill-across, 34Drill-down, 33Drill-through, 34DSO, 128, 201, 202, 376, 387, 527

0FIAR_O03, 365add fields, 465after image, 387

average method, 377before image, 387change, 464change field order, 465change key, 465change log, 387, 392change SID generation, 465change type, 465countback method, 379delete fields, 465 layer, 147line item DSO, 392new image, 387summary, 383the easiest way to determine the DSO, 376write-optimized, 128, 240, 342write-optimized , 134

DSO for direct update, 128

DTP, 63, 139, 373, 392, 426Due date, 371Dun & Bradstreet, 192Dunning data, 384Duplicate check, 270DWH system, 24

E

Early warning indicators, 404EC-PCA, 194EDW, 155, 169, 231, 485EIS, 43Elimination of IC sales, 108Elimination -> see Elimination of IC sales, 108Employee, 195, 196End routine, 227, 244, 246, 247, 355Enrichment, 161Enterprise data model, 442Enterprise Data Warehouse -> see EDW, 155Enterprise Information System -> see EIS, 43Entity Relationship model -> see ER model, 27

346 Book.indb 542 7/6/10 5:58:04 PM

543

Index

Entrymultiple, 394, 397

ER model, 27, 475attribute, 28entity, 28ER model according to Chen, 27example, 28relationship, 28

E table, 49, 295ETL, 161, 171Evaluation frequency, 479Evaluation level, 479Event control, 251Event count, 38Exception aggregation, 102, 196, 304, 363, 466Exception rule, 102Expert routine, 227, 242, 244, 246, 247External characteristics in hierarchies, 94External Hierarchy, 120Extraction, 471Extraction program, 440Extraction, Transformation, Load -> see ETL, 161Extractor, 186

generic, 386

F

Fact constellation schema, 47Factless fact table, 38Fact table, 36, 45, 138, 297, 460, 478

changing the..., 461remodeling, 463size, 460

FI/CO data, 366Field

BEKNZ, 209BELKZ, 209CPUDT, 200, 205CPUTM, 205KNUMH, 216PAOBJNR, 211TIMEST, 207

Field format, 347Field symbol, 388

File interface, 233Filter, 253Filters, 409Financial accounting, 36First Value, 103Fiscal year, 197Fiscal year/period, 197Fiscal year variant, 196FI-SL, 187Fixed value aggregates, 295Flat characteristic structure, 35Flat file, 439Flat file DataSources, 347Flexibility, 165, 172, 308Floating point number, 102Formation of layers, 340Front-end development, 478F table, 49, 295FTE, 208Full upload, 272Function area, 58Function group RSAX, 187Function module, 187, 201, 513

DETERMINE_DUE_DATE, 201RRSI_SID_VAL_SINGLE_CONVERT, 461RRSI_VAL_SID_SINGLE_CONVERT, 461RSDRD_DIM_REMOVE_UNUSED, 464SAMPLE_PROCESS_00005021, 201SD_CREDIT_EXPOSURE, 202, 383

G

Galaxy, 46General conditions, 471General Ledger Reporting, 200Generic DataSource

on a function module basis, 187on an InfoSet basis, 187on a table basis or view basis, 187

G/L account, 195Granularity, 163, 234, 460, 462Grouped key figure, 36

346 Book.indb 543 7/6/10 5:58:04 PM

544

Index

H

Half year, 197Headcount, 104Heterarchy, 35Hierarchy, 94, 120, 270, 333, 476

conceptual, 34external, 120for accounts, 195

Hierarchy interval, 125Hierarchy node, 124Hierarchy root, 124Hierarchy structure, 126Hierarchy version, 125High cardinality, 291Historical view, 45History management, 157, 159, 270, 271HRP table, 195Human Resources, 185Hybrid Provider, 147HyperCube, 33Hyperion, 233

I

IBM DB1, 233Identification, 312IFRS, 201, 204ILM, 448Image

additive, 238Inbound InfoSource, 249, 342, 348Inbound interface, 233Include, 513Individual account, 36Inflow, 105InfoArea, 63InfoCube, 137, 138, 139, 282, 528

0PAPA_C02, 2210PT_C01, 221create, 283dimensioning, 291high cardinality, 291logical data model, 50

modeling, 283, 300real-time-enabled, 408scope, 289

InfoObject, 86, 186, 189, 190, 5280ACCOUNT, 1950AMOUNT, 1990BALANCE, 204, 2120BILL_TO, 1920CALDAY, 197, 4600CALMONTH, 1970CALMONTH2, 1970CALQUART1, 1970CAL_QUARTER, 1970CALWEEK, 1970CALYEAR, 1970CHRT_ACCTS, 1940CO_AREA, 1930COMP_CODE, 1940COSTCENTER, 1940COSTELMNT, 1950CRE_DEB_LC, 3870CURRENCY, 1990CURTYPE, 1990CUST_COMPC, 1910CUSTOMER, 191, 1920CUST_SALES, 1910DB_CR_IND, 2090DEB_CRE_DC, 1990DEB_CRE_LC, 199, 3770DEBIT_LC, 3750DISTR_CHAN, 1940DIVISION, 1940DOC_CURRCY, 1990EMPLOYEE, 196, 2210FISCPER, 1970FISCPER3, 1970FISCVARNT, 1960FISCYEAR, 1970GL_ACCOUNT, 1950HALFYEAR1, 1970LOC_CURRCY, 1990MATERIAL, 1920MAT_PLANT, 1920MAT_SALES, 1920ORGUNIT, 1940PAYER, 1920PERSON, 196, 221

346 Book.indb 544 7/6/10 5:58:05 PM

545

Index

0PIOBJSV, 2080PIOVALUE, 2080PLANT, 1940POST_KEY, 3710PROFIT_CTR, 1940REPR_GROUP, 3840RISK_CATEG, 3840SALES_ORG, 1940SHIP_TO, 1920SOLD_TO, 1920VTSTAT, 2080WEEKDAY1, 1971ROWCOUNT, 38change, 465technical , 86

InfoObject catalog, 528InfoObjectCatalog, 286InfoObjects, 63InfoProvider, 63, 300, 528

virtual, 139Information Broadcaster -> see BEx Information Broadcaster, 65Information integration, 56, 180Information Lifecycle Management -> see ILM, 448Information structure, 213InfoSet, 187, 319, 529InfoSource, 63, 64, 227, 248, 529InfoSource tree, 345Infotype, 195Infotype 2001, 221Infotype 2002, 221Infotype 2010, 221Input-ready query, 409Integrated planning scenario, 442Integration, 24, 25, 171, 180, 262

materialized, 182semantic, 56virtual, 182

Integrator, 181Integrity, referential, 92Interface description, 339Interface IF_RSCNV_EXIT, 461Internal order, 207, 209Inventory Controlling, 213Invoice Verification, 213

IT solutionrequirements of, 405

J

Join, 321Join condition, 321Join condition -> see Join, 322Join condition-> see Join, 321Join operation, 322Jump target, 279, 319

K

Key, 133, 466global, 264, 265local, 264qualified local, 264technical, 134

Key date, 371current view, 372

Key field, 131key figure

calculated, 40Key figure, 333, 430, 466

add, 462additive, 40additivity, 40aggregation behavior, 40, 42aggregation behavior of calculated key figures, 376calculated, 306, 307calculation level, 40change, 466conceptual, 36content-related description in the technical concept, 476delete, 462grouped, 36level-specific calculation, 42nonadditive, 40non-cumulative key figure, 105noncumulative key figure, 37restricted, 37, 307, 422

346 Book.indb 545 7/6/10 5:58:05 PM

546

Index

restriction, 476statistical, 37, 207, 208valuation key figure, 38virtual, 300

Key Figure, 99Key figure description

content-related, 474Key figure InfoObject, 86Key figure model, 36, 430, 443, 460Key figures

semiadditive, 41Key figure type, 206

L

Landmark building block, 152Last Value, 103Layer, 175, 348Layer architecture, 154, 408Layered, Scalable Architecture -> see LSA, 151, 337, 340Layer model, 154, 242, 278LE Shipping BW, 213Level

conceptual, 26logical, 26physical, 26

Level-specific calculation, 42Lifecycle Management, 57Line item classification, 464Line item dimension, 292, 460Line items, 200LIS, 43, 212LIS structure, 212Load control, 253Load cycle, 481Loading date, 390Loading the flat file, 424Load performance, 460Load process, 155Load run, 253Local currency, 199Log data, 455Logistics Cockpit, 186, 212, 225

initialization, 215setup table, 215

Logistics Information System -> see LIS, 43Lookup, 39, 190, 393Lookup table, 160lowercase, 89Lowercase, 113Lowercase letters, 466LSA, 151, 337, 401, 458, 485

case study, 337LSA assistant building blocks, 153, 170LSA landmark building blocks, 152LSA principle, 337

M

Mapping, 314Mapping table, 160Master data, 142, 185, 234, 245, 256, 257, 258, 342, 455, 476

time-dependent, 372Master data , 113Master Data, 92Master data consolidation, 270Master data harmonization, 270Master data key -> see SID, 49Master data locally to source systems, 193Master data management

central, 270Material cost estimate, 209Material master, 193Maximum, 103MDM, 57, 270MDX, 66Menu authorization, 482Merging, 163Metachain, 252Metadata view, 80Migration, 171Minimum, 103Modeling, 62, 87

multidimensional, 33, 42, 51physical, 51

Modeling alternative, 412Modeling method, 27Modeling rule, 288

346 Book.indb 546 7/6/10 5:58:05 PM

547

Index

MOLAP, 34, 51Monitoring information, 456Multidimensional authorization, 483Multidimensional Expressions, 66Multidimensional modeling, 33, 42, 51Multilingual capability, 113Multiple entries

rule groups, 400MultiProvider, 155, 165, 309, 417, 462, 474, 529MultiProvider description, 478

N

Naming convention, 175, 345Navigation attribute, 96, 118, 190, 315, 529

change, 462time-dependent, 190

Navigation characteristic, 372New data, 131New General Ledger, 200, 201NLS system, 280Nodes

postable, 124noncumulative change, 105Noncumulative InfoCube, 296Non-cumulative key figure, 105Noncumulative key figure, 37, 42non-cumulative value, 105Number key figure, 38, 42

coverage analysis, 38event count, 38

Number of employees, 220

O

Objectcentral, 257

Object currency, 205ODBO, 66ODS, 50, 166, 167ODS Layer, 155, 166OLAP, 137, 529OLAP-BAPI, 66

OLAP cache, 298OLAP server, 137OLE DB for OLAP, 66, 330OLTP, 137Online Analytical Processing -> see OLAP, 529Open hub service, 529Operational Data Store -> see ODS, 50, 166Operational system, 23Or

exclusive, 31partial, 31partial and exclusive, 31

Oracle, 233Orchestration, 57Organization, 172Organizational characteristic, 193Organizational Management, 220Organizational unit, 194Outbound InfoSource, 249, 342, 348Outflow, 105Overhead cost controlling, DataSource, 207Overhead Cost Reporting, 206Overhead costs, 206

P

Parallel hierarchy, 35Parallelism, 166, 167Parallel processing, 299Parameterization, 250Partitioning, 196, 198, 297

change, 462logical, 199, 461

Partner object type, 2090CCT, 2090COR, 2090POS, 209

Partner role, 191Pass-through, 135PA table, 195Payment history, 375Payroll cluster, 222Payroll Reporting, 222

346 Book.indb 547 7/6/10 5:58:05 PM

548

Index

Pension fund, 220People integration, 56Performance, 164, 316Performance problems, 457Period pattern, 202Period pattern analysis, 371Personnel action, 220Personnel Administration, 220Personnel Development, 220Plan changes

tracking, 432Plan data InfoCube, 411, 417Planned working time, 221Planning application, 412Planning function, 409Planning Modeler, 411Planning process, 404, 432

operational, 406Planning scenario

integrated, 442Planning sequence, 409Planning value, 206Plan query, 411, 422

test, 422Plant, 194Plant Maintenance BW, 213Plan version, 435Plug-in, 223Portal -> see SAP NetWeaver Planning, 74posting date, 371Posting key, 370, 387, 392, 521Posting period, 197Posting record, 393Power user, 473Precision, 107Process chain, 186, 250, 353, 468Process description, 474Process Integration -> see SAP NetWeaver process integration, 57Process type, 250Product Cost Reporting, 209Production costs, 209Profitability analysis

account-based, 211costing-based, 211

Profit center, 194, 212

Profit Center Reporting, 212Program

QUERY_CHECK, 509RRHI_HIERARCHY_ACTIVATE, 509RSAGGR1, 509RSAOS_DATASOURCE_ACTIVATE, 509RSC1_DIAGNOSIS, 509RSCDS_NULLELIM, 463, 509RS_CLIENT_COPY_BW, 509RSDELPART1, 509RSDG_AFTER_IMPORT_FOR_CORR, 509RSDG_ATR_NAV_SWITCH_ON, 509RSDG_CUBE_ACTIVATE, 509RSDG_CUBE_REORG_TEXTS, 509RSDG_DATS_TO_DATE, 509RSDG_EXIST_ROUTINES_GENERATE, 510RSDG_INITIAL_MD_INSERT, 510RSDG_IOBC_REORG_TEXTS, 510RSDG_IOBJ_ACTIVATE, 510RSDG_IOBJ_REORG, 510RSDG_IOBJ_REORG_TEXTS, 510RSDG_LANGUAGE_AFTER_IMPORT, 510RSDG_MEMORYID, 510RSDG_MPRO_ACTIVATE, 510RSDG_ODSO_ACTIVATE, 510RSDG_SHLP_NO_LANGU_PRE_UPGRADE, 510RSDG_SYS_IOBJ_TO_D_VERSION, 510RSDG_TADIR, 510RSDMD_CHECKPRG_ALL, 510RSDMD_CLEAN_ATTRIBUTES, 510RSDMD_DEL_BACKGROUND, 510RSDMD_DEL_MASTER_DATA_TEXTS, 511RSDMRSDO, 511RSDPLIST, 511RSDRD_DELETE_FACTS, 511RSDRD_INFORMIX_ROUTINES, 511RSDRD_MSSQL_ROUTINES, 511RSDRD_ORACLE_ROUTINES, 511RSEXPORTFLATFILES, 511RSHIERARCHY, 511

346 Book.indb 548 7/6/10 5:58:05 PM

549

Index

RSIC1, 511RSIMPCONTENT, 511RSIMPCURR, 511RSIMPCUST, 511RSKC_ALLOWED_CHAR_MAINTAIN, 511RSMO1, 511RSMO1A, 511RSMO1B, 511RSMO1_RSM2, 511RSMO2, 511RSMO3, 511RSMOLIST, 511RSO_REPOSITORY_EXPORT_HTML, 511RS_ROUTINE, 509RSRPR_BATCH, 512RSRPR_PRINT_CONF_MAINTAIN, 512RSRPR_VARGROUP_MAINTAIN, 512RS_START_AWB, 509SAP_INFOCUBE_DESIGNS, 459

Project initiative, 472Project organization, 472, 478

option, 473Propagator, 161PROVIDE, 196PSA, 50, 240, 529Pseudo delta, 209Pull retractor, 437Purchasing, 213Push retractor, 438

Q

Qualification, 220Quality and Harmonization Layer, 155, 160, 218, 241, 341Quality Management, 213Quality status, 131Quantity, 101Quarter, 197Query, 186, 529

input-ready, 409Query definition, 66Query Designer -> see BEx Query

Designer, 66Query property, 422Query usage, 67Quota, 42Quota transaction, 221

R

Raw data, 239RDA, 142, 145RDA load control, 146Real-time data access, 141Real-time Data Acquisition -> see RDA, 142Real-time-enabled InfoCube, 408Real-time reporting, 480Reclustering, 463Record mode, 236Recruitment, 220Reference architecture, 151, 156Reference characteristic, 104, 106, 192Reference data, 259Reference InfoObject, 119, 120Reference LSA, 154Referencing -> see Reference InfoObject, 120Release

1.2b, 462.0a, 50, 2072.0B, 2003.0a, 2003.2, 2033.5, 516.0 SPS 13 (SAP ECC), 2227.3, 4887.x, 223, 467

Remodeling, 46, 458, 461, 462dimension model, 463DSO, 464fact table, 463function, 467new characteristic, 467new key figure, 468

Remodeling function, 45, 162, 467Reorganization, 458Repartitioning, 462

346 Book.indb 549 7/6/10 5:58:05 PM

550

Index

Report definition, 474Report description, 478Report Designer -> see BEx Report Designer, 65Reporting, 471Reporting development by user department, 476Reporting layer, 277Reporting Layer, 155, 164, 278, 355Reporting requirements, 486Reporting structure

flat, 42Reporting tool, 64Request ID, 49, 460Requirements analysis, 473Restore, 455Restrict characteristics, 422Restricted key figure, 422RESULT_PACKAGE, 227Retraction, 437Retroactive zero elimination, 463Reversal indicator, 217Reverse image, 239ROLAP, 34, 51Role, 186Role distribution, 471Roll-up, 34RSAP0001, 187RSAX, 187RSR_OLAP_BADI, 301Rule group, 244Rule type, 243

S

Sales and Distribution, 185Sales organization, 194Sales reporting, 393Sales side, 393

accounts receivable accounting, 366SAMPLE_PROCESS_00005021, 201SAP Business Explorer -> see BEx, 64SAP BusinessObjects, 66, 76, 82, 325SAP BusinessObjects Data Federator, 181SAP BusinessObjects Data Services, 233

SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise, 326SAP BusinessObjects Explorer, 81SAP BusinessObjects Integrator, 181SAP BusinessObjects Live Office, 81SAP Business Objects Planning and Consolidation, 403, 406SAP BusinessObjects universes -> see Universes, 80SAP BusinessObjects XI 3.1, 326SAP Business One, 229SAP Central Job Scheduling by Redwood, 252SAP CRM, 186, 229SAP ERP, 24, 186SAP ERP HCM, 220SAP for Retail, 214SAP landscape, 25SAP namespace, 187SAP NetWeaver, 53, 55SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse Accelerator -> see BWA, 82SAP NetWeaver BW, 407SAP NetWeaver Master Data Management -> see MDM, 57, 270SAP NetWeaver Planning, 74SAP NetWeaver Portal, 56, 66SAP NetWeaver process integration, 57SAP NetWeaver Process Integration, 57SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer -> see Visual Composer, 73SAP Note

65075, 209336229, 221367738, 206410797, 200517909, 206523742, 206553561, 208577644, 2041012874, 384

Scheduling, 251Schema integration, 180SD Billing BW, 213SD data

enrichment, 201SD Sales (BW), 213Security interval, 205, 207, 211, 529

346 Book.indb 550 7/6/10 5:58:05 PM

551

Index

Selection profile, 451Semantic group, 453Semantic integration, 56Semantic layer, 76Semantic Partitioning Object, 488Separation, 281Service, 54Service orientation, 54Setup table, 215Shipment, 213Shop Floor Control, 213SID, 45, 49, 460, 462SID generation, 43SID table

empty, 466Single routine, 227SKF, 208Slice and dice, 33Slowly changing dimensions, 44

type 1, 45type 2, 45type 3, 45

Slow-moving item, 38Snapshots, 37Snowflake, 34Snowflake schema, 48

dimension table, 48SOA, 54, 56SOURCE_PACKAGE, 227, 392Source system, 63, 484Sponsorship, 472SQL, 51Stability, 272Staffing assignment, 220Staging, 232, 242, 268Staging connection, 142Staging Connection, 143Standard Deviation, 103Standard DSO, 128, 131Standard InfoCube, 139Standardization, 153Standard rule group, 261Standard time characteristic, 112Standard web template, 70Star schema, 34, 44, 478, 529

dimension key, 44example, 44

Start process, 251Start routine, 227, 244, 246, 427Statistical key figure, 37Statistical postings, 208Statistics currency, 199Statistics indicator, 206Status and tracking system, 437Status management, 435, 436Structure

balanced, 35unbalanced, 35

Subchain, 252Subplan

transfer, 441Subplan step, 441Subtype, 195Summation, 103System

operational, 23System date, 373System manual, 474, 485System specification, 485

T

TabelleBWOM2_TIMEST, 200

Table, 517ANEA, 203ANEP, 203ANLC, 203ANLP, 203AUSP, 222BKPF, 200BSAD, 200, 201BSAK, 200, 203BSEG, 200BSID, 200, 201BSIK, 200, 203BWFIAA_AEDAT_AB, 203BWFIAA_AEDAT_AS, 203BWFIAA_AEDAT_TR, 203BWOM2_TIMEST, 208BWOM_SETTINGS, 206CE3 table, 211CE4 table, 211

346 Book.indb 551 7/6/10 5:58:05 PM

552

Index

CE table, 210COBK, 212COEP, 207, 212COOI_PI, 208COSP, 212COSR, 208COSS, 212GLPCT, 212KNA1, 191KNB1, 191KNB4, 201KNB5, 191KNKA, 192KNKK, 192, 202, 383KNVK, 191KNVV, 191KONP, 216MARA, 192MHNK, 384, 385

Target/actual comparison, 404Task list, 209Technical BW concept, 473Technical concept, 471Temporal hierarchy join, 127Temporal join, 323, 429Teradata, 233Test case description, 474Text, 90, 92, 93, 113, 268, 339, 476Text node, 122Text Table, 114Third-party tools, 233Time, 42Time aspects of data load processes, 474, 479Time aspects of data retention, 474, 479Time axis, 37Time base, 24, 25Time characteristic, 86, 196

recommendation, 198user-defined, 113

Time comparison, 42Time dependency, 114, 125, 258Time Dependency, 116Time dimension, 40, 196Time InfoObject, 112Time key figure, 39

countback, 39countforward, 39

Timeliness, 272Time pattern analysis

optimized data model, 373Time stamp, 200, 205Time stamp delta process, 207Topic orientation, 24Transaction

BW01, 204BW03, 204FAGLBW03, 201FD33, 383LBW0, 213LBWE, 186, 213, 214LBWF, 213LBWG, 213OLI*BW, 213, 215OMSL, 193RSA1, 60, 62, 224RSA1OLD, 64RSA6, 214RSA7, 215RSA11, 283RSCUR, 199RSDCUBE, 283RSDDV, 293RSDMPRO, 309RSISET, 320RSMDEXITON, 467RSMRT, 467RSPC, 250RSPLAN, 411RSRHIERARCHYVIRT, 198RSRT, 294RSRV, 464RSZC, 313SARA, 454SBIW, 187, 211, 213, 222, 223SE19, 301SE24, 461SLG1, 456SLG2, 456SM64, 252ZBIW, 204

Transactional data, 45

346 Book.indb 552 7/6/10 5:58:06 PM

553

Index

Transaction currency, 205Transaction data, 142, 192, 234, 258, 340Transaction processing, 24Transfer method, 233Transferring actual data, 415Transfer routine, 89Transfer rule, 64Transfer table, 424Transformation, 63, 241, 242, 349, 356, 416, 426, 474

central, 249, 351, 355Transformation routine, 352Transformation rule, 352Travel Expense Reporting, 205Truth

historical, 273T tables, 195Type, 100

U

UD Connect, 233Unbalanced structure, 35Unit, 100, 110

standardization, 476Unit InfoObject, 86, 111Unit of Measure, 91Universe, 76, 80, 324, 325Universe parameter, 327Update

direct, 257flexible, 257

Update method, 237Update rule, 64Updating plan data, 444Uppercase, 113User department, 23User documentation, 485User exit, 462

RSAP0001, 187User interface, 56, 474, 478US-GAAP, 201, 204Utilization, 221

V

V3 update, 215delta direct, 215delta queued, 215unserialized, 215

Validation, 474, 484Validity table, 107Valuation key figure, 38, 42Value adjustment, 202Value type, 36, 206

details, 206SAP ECC, 206

Variables, 409Variance, 103Versioning, 254Version management, 435View

BWOM2_V_SAFETY, 208current, 372historical, 45Maintenance for Aggregate, 293past, 25

View of the past, 480Virtualization Layer, 155Virtual Layer, 165, 309, 355Virtual modeling, 160VirtualProvider, 142Visual Composer, 73Volume of data, 235

W

WBS element, 207, 209Web Analyzer -> see BEx Web Analyzer, 65Web Application Designer -> see BEx Web Application Designer, 410, 422Web Intelligence, 77Web service, 233Weekday, 197

346 Book.indb 553 7/6/10 5:58:06 PM

554

Index

Ingo Hilgefort

Inside SAP BusinessObjects Explorer

With this book you’ll learn what SAP BusinessObjects Explorer is, and find out how to install, deploy, and use it. Written for people who are interested in bringing Business Intelligence to business users, this book will teach you how to use it in your SAP environment and address specific questions about how it works with your existing SAP tools and data. After reading this book, you’ll understand why and how to leverageExplorer to bring quick and easy access to data analysis to users throughout your company.

307 pp., 2010, 69,95 Euro / US$ 69.95

ISBN 978-1-59229-340-7

>> www.sap-press.com

Explains what Explorer is and how it can be used in daily business activities

Details how to integrate and get Explorer up and running quickly

Uses real-world scenarios to show howit works in financials, HR, CRM, and retail

www.sap-press.com

X

Xcelsius, 79XML, 66

Z

Zero eliminationretroactive, 463

Zero record, 296

346 Book.indb 554 7/6/10 5:58:06 PM