best practices to manage odors during cured-in-place pipe lining · = 50 ppm over 8 hours (for...

2018 Kentucky-Tennessee Water Professionals Conference

July 2018

Best Practices to Manage

Odors During Cured-in-Place

Pipe Lining

Brent Johnson, P.E.

Cayce Grissom, P.E.


Presentation Outline

� CIPP / Background Information

� Purdue Study

� NASSCO Response

� Best Practices

2


Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) Background Information

� Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) lining is a common method of full-segment rehabilitation

� Liner tube is impregnated with resin

� Liner tube is installed into host pipe

� Liner tube is cured (activating the resins)

to convert flexible liner to rigid pipe

3


CIPP Lining Overview

� Curing Methods:

• Water cure – hot water is circulated through the pipe

• Steam cure – steam is used instead of liquid water

• Ultraviolet (UV) cure – liner inflated with pressurized,

circulated air and UV light source is passed through pipe

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Water Inversion / Cure

5

� Gravity Sewer – released downstream

� Storm Sewer


Air Inversion / Steam Cure

6


30-inch Force

Main CIPP

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Typical Small Diameter Setup

8


Resins Used

9

� Polyester – (Styrene-based)

� Vinyl Ester – (Styrene-based)

� Vinyl Ester – (Styrene Free)

� Epoxy – (Styrene Free)


Styrene

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� Resins made with Styrene are commonly used – less expensive

� Regulated in 2013 as “A Reasonably Anticipated Carcinogen”

� Industry Voluntary Occupational Limit = 50 ppm over 8 hours (for installation personnel)

� Human nose can detect at0.4 – 0.75 ppm (NASSCO, 2008)

� Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health exposure limit – 5,000 ppm (NIOSH)

� Lethal to aquatic organisms but breaks down in the atmosphere due to hydroxylradical and ozone reactions and is also degraded through microbial action


Purdue Study and Possible Concerns

� Study by Purdue University (Sendesi, et al., 2017) raised new concerns about

potential health effects of chemical emissions released by CIPP liner cures

� 7 steam cured installations in Indiana and California

� Findings show the chemical plume, commonly thought of as harmless steam,

complex mixture of water vapor, organic vapor, partially cured resin, and organic

chemicals (hazardous air pollutants, suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals, and

known and suspected carcinogens).

� No gloves or respiratory protection used by CIPP workers

� Potential Limits of the Study:

• Limited sample size – not all styrene resin sites reported release into steam plume

• Lists no conclusions, only implications

• Recognizes that further investigations are needed

11


NASSCO Background

� National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO)

• Over 35 years – proactive in health and safety requirements of CIPP

• Past 10 years – Inspector Training and Certification Program

• 2008 published “Guideline for Use and Handling of Styrenated Resins in CIPP”

12


NASSCO Response and Further Study

� Established a CIPP Workgroup consisting of industry experts and highly respected

organizations

• National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)

• North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT)

• American Composites Manufacturing Association (ACMA)

• Water Research Center (WRc)

• Water Environment and Reuse Foundation (WE&RF)

• among others.

� Based on information available – claims made regarding the safety of steam-cured

CIPP installations are premature and certainly not conclusive

� Questions concerning source of some discharged organic chemicals

13


NASSCO Response

� NASSCO guidelines and quality/safety protocols were not utilized during testing

� Inconsistencies in the data not experienced or documented within the industry

� No information on baseline study being performed

� Best practices were not utilized during testing

� No peer review performed

14

Photos provided by Premiere Pipe USA and Zia Systems of OH


NASSCO Further Study

� NASSCO initiated a larger study to further understand potential release of chemical

emissions during CIPP curing

• Third party will conduct study

• Professional chemical testing

• Higher learning institution experienced with CIPP

� Discussion continues…

15

Photos provided by Premiere Pipe USA and Zia Systems of OH


What Actions Can We Take?

� Goals:

• Protect Workers

• Protect Public

• Address Public Concerns

� Avoid Styrene?

� Mitigate Exposure through Best

Management Practices during

Installation

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Alternative Curing Methods

� UV light Curing

• Reduces amount of styrene released

� Use of Non-Styrenated Resins

• Polyester felt liner with styrene-free vinyl ester resin

� Remote impregnated epoxy resins

• HAP (hazardous air pollutant) and VOC (volatile organic compound) free

� Each alternative comes at a cost

• Increased installation cost

• Limited installations

• Concerns over compatibility with lateral lining systems/making lateral connections

• Different installation equipment/process

17


Best Practices for Odor Control

� Above all – establish and follow safety procedures

• Adhere to NASSCO guidelines

• Project Specific procedures

� Proper Project Planning

� On-Site Construction Observation

• “Nose on the Ground”

• Public interaction

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Minimizing Negative Public Perceptions/Odor Complaints

� Public notification prior to CIPP lining installation

• Notify homeowner of odor during installation

• Encourage owner to fill plumbing traps with water

� Public education on styrene

• Reference information easily accessible on public forums

19


Monitoring and Identify Special Cases

� Require odor control plan submittal

• Minimize project-specific odors based on field direction

• Vent odors to levels within OSHA requirements

� Collect monitoring data during CIPP installation

• Gather data for several representative conditions

• Establish that styrene levels fall within typical industry standards

� Identify Potential Issues – work around and mitigate

• Locations in low elevations

• Locations near high density residences (nursing homes, apartments)

• Window-mounted HVAC on residences

• Playgrounds and schools

20


Best Practices for CIPP – Water Cure

� Styrene/chemicals are suspended in cure water

� Release process water directly to sewer

� Release to dry waterway should pose no harm

� Cool down to below 100 degrees

� If large quantities of water are anticipated,

perform engineering analysis on stream

(temperature/styrene concentration)

21


Best Practices for CIPP – Steam Cure

� Plug laterals

� Provide additional ventilation

� Release condensate water directly to sewer

� Install exhaust minimum of 8-ft above

manhole rim

� Divert exhausts away from sensitive areas

� Proper Safety Protocol

� Site perimeter (no public entry)

� Proper PPE

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Conclusion

� Follow Safety Procedures

� Educate Staff on Steam CIPP Awareness

� Educate Public on Odor Concerns

� Monitor NASSCO Phase 2 Study

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2018 Kentucky-Tennessee Water Professionals Conference 24

Cayce Grissom

[email protected]

(615) 340-6517


References

� NASSCO, September 2008, Guideline for the Use and Handling of Styrenated Resins

in Cured-In-Place Pipe

� Sendesi, et al., 2017, Worksite Chemical Air Emissions and Worker Exposure during

Sanitary and Stormwater Pipe Rehabilitation Using Cured-in-Place Pipe

25

2018 Kentucky-Tennessee Water Professionals Conference 26


--draft outline--

� CIPP rehab method overview

� Byproduct/resultant of CIPP curing - styrene

� Overview of purdue study and possible concerns

� NASSCO response to purdue study, identified best practices not utilized

� NASSCO currently undergoing a larger study to understand potential release of chemicals during curing

� Best Practices/addl considerations for addressing and minimizing CIPP lining emissions• Public notification

• Special considerations for sensitive areas

• Contractor submittal requirements

• Air Monitoring Equipment

• Appropriate dispersion of curing steam

• Securing installation area

• Use of styrene-free resins

• Use of UV cured CIPP

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What is Styrene?

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� Clear, colorless liquid that is used in making everyday products from toys and food

packaging to household appliances and construction materials.

� Helps create products that are strong, flexible, and lightweight.

� Occurs in the environment and is found in trace amounts in strawberries, beef, and

cinnamon.

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