Betrayal of East Pakistan By: Lieutenant General A. A. K. Niazi

Presented by:

Adnan Ijaz M08MBA071

Aqdus Javed M08MBA075

About the Author

Lt. Gen. Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi(1915 - 2 February 2004)

• Born to a family in the Punjab Province.

• Enlisted in Indian Army as Junior Officer.

• He was given a nickname “Tiger” during the second World War.

• He joined Pakistani Army after partition.

About the Author

1965 War

1965 War of Badiyana, Niazi commanding the 14 Para Brigade

About the Author

He was awarded:

• Military Cross

• Hilal-e-Jurat twice

• Sitara-e-Pakistan

• Sitara-e-Khidmat

• Total 24 medals

Relation between East and west Pakistan

Sheikh Mujeeb Bhutoo

Relation between East and west Pakistan

• Religion, the only common thing

• Geographical and Cultural differences

• Influence of Hindus

• National Language dispute

• Flood in East Pakistan

• Election of 1970

• Delay in National Assembly Session

• Killing of thousands of West Pakistani’s in Dhaka

Relation between East and west Pakistan

• 23 March, Mujeeb flagged the Bangladesh flag

• 25 March, Military operation

• Mukti Bahni

Relation between East and west Pakistan

Mukti Bahni

• It was the aggregate of those people who started the Liberation War of Bangladesh

• It’s total strength was 287,000

• 50,000 Indian Army soldiers

• They had full guidance and support of Indian Army

• Guerrilla attacks of them were proved very destructive for Pak Army

Niazi as a commander of East Pakistan

Niazi as a commander of East Pakistan

• He took charge on 10 April, 1971

• The mission was to not allow India and traitors to declare any area of East Pakistan as Bangladesh

• Pakistan army attacked Mukti Bahni, they start running India

• Indian regrouped Mukti Bahni

• Indian Army was also fighting with them

Eastern Command• Total 3 division

• 2 were not equipped with tank and artillery

• Total strength was 45,000 including civil armed forces, police and mujahedeen

• One squadron of Air force was available at Dhaka

• 4 ships of Pak Navy which had to secure 500 kilometers area of rivers and sea.

War Plan

• Overall war plan was that “the War of east Pakistan will be fought in West Pakistan”

• The Eastern Pak Army had to defend only

• Both strategies failed due to rough attitude of GHQ and political leadership including president

• Army fights was continue from 8 months and promised to send fresh troops was not fulfilled by GHQ

Eid Day and Indian Attack• On 21st November 1971, Indian Army attacked East

Pakistan. It was the day of Eid and Pakistan Army was also expecting an attack due to intelligence reports.

• Misconception among writers about the date of war

• Niazi raised question, why West Command did not attaked India

Pakistan Attack on India• On the 3rd of December, Pakistan High

Command passed order to attack on India.• India declared the attack as a full scale war and

respond with full power.• The situation become critical for Eastern Command

which did not have large air force and navy to absorb the Indian full power attacks.

• GHQ gave another mission to Eastern Command which was to keep as much troops of enemy busy as possible to stop them moving from East to West front.

Main Battles of East Pakistan

Main Battles of East Pakistan

Main Battles of East Pakistan

Main Battles of East Pakistan

Major Mohammad Akram Shaheed• He was awarded Nishan-e-Haider due to his

braveness in Hili area.

Major Mohammad Akram Shaheed

Destruction of Submarine Gazi

• According to Niazi, it went to deep sea for attack and failed to return upward.

Pakistan's PNS Ghazi

Protesting Against Pak Army

During 1971 War

Separation of East Pakistan• Blame on Bhutoo• Wrong use of authority by Governar’s advisor (Maj.

Farman)• 10 Dec. was the worse day in Pak history when

Farman send message to united nation without any approval.

• On 10th Dec. Niazi also received message from COAS, regarding lay down the arms.

• On 13th Dec. Niazi send message to GHQ and told them his strategy “Last man, last round”

• Niazi received message on the same day, even within some hours by COAS that he should obey the orders and do took all necessary steps to stop the war.

Separation of East Pakistan• Gen. Niazi’s letter to Indian chief

• Indian Army chief replied to surrender

Surrender

Surrender

Return to Pakistan• Niazi and others spent 28 months in Indian jail, they

came back to Pakistan on 30th April 1974 through train on Wahga station, Lahore.

• They were hundred and thousands of people were there to receive Niazi

Hamdur-Rehman Commission• Background of Hamd-u-Rehman Commission• Criticism by Niazi on commission

• Under Bhutoo’s influence• No independent judiciary• Many important events are missed• GHQ didn’t give assistance to Niazi

Hamdur-Rehman Commission• Main queries raised by Commission

1. Why he didn’t transferred his army to Burma

2. Separate analysis of East and West war sector

3. Commission wrong estimates4. Protecting Tikka and Bhutoo5. According to commission poor

deployment in East Pakistan6. Allegation put on Niazi by

commission regarding surrender