Celebrate Better Hearing and Speech Month

TxTeam partnered with Frederick Memorial Hospital

May 2010

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association consist of:

Speech-Language Pathologists assess, diagnose, treat, and help to prevent disorders related to speech, language, cognitive-communication, voice, swallowing, and fluency to individuals of all ages.

Audiologists work with people who have hearing, balance, and related ear problems. They examine individuals of all ages and identify those with the symptoms of hearing loss and other auditory, balance, and related sensory and neural problems.

Speech Sound Development: Three muscle areas must demonstrate proper coordination to produce accurate speech sounds.

Articulators

Lips Tongue Jaw

Fluency Development:Three subsystems must demonstrate proper coordination to produce fluent speech.

Respiration

PhonationArticulation

Voice Development:The following subsystems must coordinate to function the human

voice properly.

Vocal Folds of the Larynx

Articulators

Lungs/Respiratory System

Language Development:The following must coordinate properly to demonstrate adequate

Receptive, Expressive, Pragmatic language skills.

Physical- Sensory

Social- Behavior

Cognitive-Linguistic

Audiology and Hearing Development:Proper hearing includes proper coordination of the outer, middle, and inner ear.

Outer Ear

Middle EarInner Ear

Feeding and Swallowing Development:Proper feeding and swallowing must include the following coordination.

Bite/Chew

Masticating Food

Swallow

The Disorders

Speech Sound Disorder : the disruption of the articulation (speech –motor-control) and phonology development (language knowledge).

Speech sounds disorders can be seen in the following disorders noted below.

Cleft Palate

Dysarthria

AccentModification

PhonologicalProcesses

ArticulationDisorder

Apraxia of Speech In Adults

OrofacialMyofunctional

Disorder

ChildhoodApraxia of

Speech

Speech SoundDisorders

Fluency Disorder is a dysrhythmic flow of speech consisting of various repetitions, prolongations, interjections, pauses, broken words,

revisions, and incomplete sentences. Fluency disorders can be found in the following disorders.

ClutteringCluttering

AphasiasAphasias

DysarthriasDysarthrias

StutteringStuttering

FluencyDisordersFluency

Disorders

Voice Disorder is a disturbance of pitch, loudness, or quality in relation to an individual’s age, gender, and cultural background.

Voice Disorders

Quality Pitch Intensity

Shimmer:rough or soft

HoarsnessHarshness

Strain-strangledBreathy

Glottal Fry

Jitter: tremor and HoarsnessStridencyFalcetto

Vertilization

Related Voice Disorders

Resonance Disorders

Transgender/Transexual

LaryngealCancer

Aphonia

SpasmodicDysphonia

ParadoxicalVocal FoldMovement

Vocal Cord Paralysis

Vocal CordNodules and

Polyps

Ventilator

Tracheostomy

VoiceDisorders

Language Disorder is the abnormal acquisition, comprehension, or use of spoken or written language. This disorder may involve the aspects of

content, form, and use. Classifications of language disorders include:

• Comprehension (receptive language)

• Language production (expressive language)

• Semantics (meaning of words)

• Morphology (grammar)

• Syntax (word order within sentence structures)

• Pragmatics (use of language in social contexts)

• Phonology (speech sound system)

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity

Disorder

Language Based-Learning Disability:

Dyslexia

Aphasias Dementia

Right HemisphereBrain Damage

Traumatic Brain Injury

Autism SpectrumDisorders

Language Disorders

Hearing Impairment

Conductive HearingLoss

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Mixed Hearing Loss

External OtitisOtitis Media

Serous Otitis MediaAcute Otitis Media

Otosclerosis

RecruitmentVarious Drug intake

Prolong noiseOtotoxic DrugsBirth Defects

STORCH

Swallowing Disorder or Dysphagia involves the impaired coordination of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal stages

of swallow.

• Patients will have difficulties with:» Chewing the food» Preparing it for swallow» Initiating the swallow» Propelling the bolus through the pharynx» Passing the food through the esophagus

Signs of Swallowing Disorders

Pain/DrynessWhen swallow

Throat clearing

Less enjoymentOf eating or

drinking

Risk of Aspiration

Dehydration/poorNutrition

Weight loss

Recurring Pneumonia or

Chest congestion

Food or liquidSpillage from

mouth

Extra effort orTime needed to

Chew or swallow

Wet/Gurgly Sound voice

During or aftereating

Coughing duringOr after eating

Signs/Symptoms

Speech-Language Pathologists also interact with other disciplines:

• Dieticians• Occupational

Therapists• Physical Therapists• Otolaryngologists• Pediatricians• Plastic Surgeons• Neurosurgeons• Audiologists

• Dentists• Prosthodontists• Psychologists• Special and

Regular Education Teachers

• Radiologists• Pulmonary

Specialists• Social Workers

References

• Roseberry-McKibbin, C. and Hegde, M.N. (2000). An Advance Review of Speech- Language Pathology.

• Roth, Froma P., and Worthington, Colleen K. (2001). Treatment Resource Manual for Speech-Language Pathology 2nd Edition.

• Lahey, M., and Bloom, L. Language Development and Language Disorders.

Contact Information

Frederick Memorial Hospital (FMH)

Rose Hill Rehabilitation-Outpatient Facility

Speech-Language Pathology Department

1562 Opossumtown Pike

Frederick, Maryland 21702

Phone Number: 240-566-3132