Better Waste SolutionsProducing market-competitive products from waste

BWS Better Waste Solutions Global Ltd.

Innovative Technology

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Waste-to-Green Product Technologies: Viable Options for Fuel Cost Reduction and Sustainable Waste Management

Un-utilized Resources

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Municipal Solid Waste Hospital Waste

Waste Plastic Sewage Sludge

Oil and Fertilizer Prices Change

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Fig.2. Energy and fertilizer prices (Source: Mueller et al., 2011)

Condition for profitable Waste-to-Green- Product Business

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Income fromWaste Treatment +

Income fromselling product

＞ Labor cost + Utility cost + Capital cost

Increase Increase Decrease Decrease Decrease

・ Deficiency of landfill area・ Environmental concern on land-filling

・ Fuel price increase・ Fertilizer price increase

・ Automation・ Cheap labor

・ Self energy generation

・ Technology standardization・ Technology licensing

Effect of New Technologies

New Market

Resource Recycling system

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① Waste-to-Coal Technology　　　MSW (Municipal Solid Waste), Hospital Waste

② Waste-to-Fertilizer Technology Sewage Sludge, Animal Manure, Food Waste　　　③ Waste-to-Oil Technology Waste Plastics, E-Waste (Mobile Phone, PC)

① Waste-to-Coal TechnologyHydrothermal Treatment of MSW

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MSW input

Boiler

Product

FuelSteam

Water Treatment

Condenser

WaterClean Water

MotorReactor

Dry Product

Air-blow drying

Cement Kiln

(220 ,2.5MPa℃ )

(15%)

(85%)

Application of Waste-to-CoalIn Cement Production

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MSW = Municipal Solid Waste

Material input

product out

Coal

Pulverizer

Mixer Bunker

Treated MSW

Commercial Plants

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Economical Feasibility of Waste to Coal

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• Treatment capacity of MSW : 100tons/day• Investment for full treatment plant with 2 reactors – 3 M US$. • Moisture content of MSW : 65 %• Production per annum on dry basis –12,600 tons/year (100tons/day X 0.35 X 360

days)• Boiler fuel: 15% of RDF will be utilized as a boiler fuel – 1,890 tons/year• Annual operation period: 360days• Daily operation: 24 hours/day• Maintenance cost/year (2% of the capital cost) – 0.06 M US$/year• VC and FC – (labor, electricity… ) – 0.06 M US$/year• Capital cost (7 years depreciation) – 0.43 M US$/year• Total expenditure – 0.55 M US$/year• Fuel production cost – 51 US$/ton (0.55 M US$/year/ ((12,600-1,890))tons/year)

② Waste-to-Fertilizer TechnologySewage Sludge Treatment

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Hydrothermal treatment

Mechanicaldehydration

Water content 80%

Water content85%

Water content 55%Water content 10 ～ 20%

Fast natural drying （ 24 hours ）

Separated water

Heavy metal

Nutrient (N, P, K)

Economical Feasibility of Waste-to-Fertilizer

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• Treatment capacity of Sewage sludge : 30tons/day• Investment for full treatment plant with 2 reactors – 1 M US$ • Moisture content of sludge : 80 %• Solid fuel production per annum on dry basis –2,160 tons/year (30tons/day X 0.2 X 360

days)• Boiler fuel: 100% of RDF will be utilized as a boiler fuel – 2,160tons/year• Liquid fertilizer production per annum –10,800tons/year (30tons/day X 360days) • Annual operation period: 360days• Daily operation: 24 hours/day• Maintenance cost/year (2% of the capital cost) – 0.02 M US$/year• VC and FC – (labor, electricity… ) – 0.02 M US$/year• Capital cost (7 years depreciation) – 0.14 M US$/year• Total expenditure – 0.18 M US$/year• Production cost of the liquid fertilizer – 17 US$/ton (0.18 M US$/year/ (10,800tons/year))

③ Waste-to-Oil TechnologyFlow Chart Plastic to Oil

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Oil recoverResidue

recovery

Oil tank

Agitator

Oil recovery

Waste plastics

Screw hopper

Controller

Off-gas burner Oil/water separation

Burner

Cooler

Oil pump

煙突

Reforming catalyst Stack

No.1 Condensor

No.2 Condenser

Pyrolyzer

Oil tank

Oil/water separation

Oil pump

Circulation pumpHeated

extruder

Commercial Plants

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Metal

Recycled oil

Carbonized solid

Waste Mobile Phone (2 m3) (Japan)Waste Plastics (5 m3) (Japan)

Economical Feasibility of Waste to Oil

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• Treatment capacity of waste plastics : 10tons/day• Investment for full treatment plant – 1.2 M US$ • Net oil production per annum –1,800,000 L (5,000 L/day X 360 days)• Annual operation period: 360days• Daily operation: 24 hours/day• Maintenance cost/year (2% of the capital cost) – 0.024 M US$• Labor cost/year – 0.02 M US$• Capital cost (7 years depreciation) – 0.17 M US$• Total expenditure – 0.214 M US$/year• Oil production cost – 12 US¢/L (0.214 M US$/year/ (1,800,000 L/year))