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TRANSCRIPT
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L/O/G/O
EARTHQUAKE
BETY PRASTIWI(10308066)
DEDI WIYANTO(10308067)
MIFTAH HAZMI (10308073)
SARMAG TEKNIK SIPIL 2008
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Prevention for Earthquake
Earthquake in NTB
Earthquake in Yogyakarta
Earthquake
Earths Surface
Main Menu
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L/O/G/O Earths SurfaceAnatomy of Earth
Changes to Earths Surface
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Crust
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
Anatomy of Earth
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Hydrosphere
The hydrosphereconsist of thebodies of waterthat cover
of
Earths surface.
Type Percent
Ocean 97Glacier 3,2Groundwater 1,4
River andLake 0,001
Water Vapor 0,017
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Crust
The crust consists ofthe continents, otherland areas, and thebasins, or floors, of theoceans. The dry landof Earths surface is
called the continental
crust.
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Biosphere
The biosphereincludes all theareas of Earth
capable ofsupporting life
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Changes to Earths Surface
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Plate Tectonics
Theory that the outer shell ofthe earth is made up of thin,rigid plates that move relativeto each other.
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Plate Tectonics
When Plates Pull Apart When the plates pull apart, two
types of phenomena occurdepending on whether themovement takes place in the
oceans or on land.
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Plate Tectonics
When Plates Collide
When plates collideor push againsteach other, regionscalled convergentplate margins form.
1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved
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Plate Tectonics
When Plates SlidePast Each Other
some of Earths platesneither collide nor pullapart but instead slidepast each other. Theseregions are calledtransform margins. Fewvolcanoes occur inthese areas because
neither plate is forceddown into Earths
interior and little meltingoccurs.
Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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What are Earthquakes?
The shaking ortrembling caused bythe sudden releaseof energy
Usually associatedwith faulting orbreaking of rocks
Continuingadjustment ofposition results inaftershocks
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The Focus and Epicenter of an Earthquake
The point within
Earth where
faulting begins isthe focus, or
hypocenter
The point directly
above the focus on
the surface is the
epicenter
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Seismographs record
earthquake events
At convergent boundaries,focal depth increasesalong a dipping seismic
zone called a Benioffzone
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Where Do Earthquakes Occur and How Often?
~80% of all earthquakes occur in the circum-Pacific belt
most of these result from convergent margin activity
~15% occur in the Mediterranean-Asiatic belt
remaining 5% occur in the interiors of plates and onspreading ridge centers
more than 150,000 quakes strong enough to be felt are
recorded each year
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The Economics and Societal Impacts of EQs
Damage in Oakland, CA, 1989
Building collapse Fire
Tsunami
Ground failure
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What are Seismic Waves?
Response of material to the
arrival of energy frontsreleased by rupture
Two types:
Body waves
P and S
Surface waves
R and L
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Body Waves: P and S waves
Body waves
P or primary waves
fastest waves
travel through solids,liquids, or gases
compressional wave,
material movement isin the same directionas wave movement
S or secondary waves
slower than P waves
travel through solids
only shear waves - move
materialperpendicular towave movement
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Surface Waves: R and L waves
Surface Waves Travel just below or along the grounds surface
Slower than body waves; rolling and side-to-sidemovement
Especially damaging to buildings
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Can Earthquakes be Predicted?
Earthquake Precursors
changes in elevation or tilting of land surface,fluctuations in groundwater levels, magnetic field,electrical resistance of the ground
seismic dilatancy model
seismic gaps
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Can Earthquakes be Predicted?
Earthquake Prediction Programs
include laboratory and field studies of rocks before, during,and after earthquakes
monitor activity along major faults
produce risk assessments
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L/O/G/O
JOGJAS
EARTHQUAKE
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DATEANDTIME
JOGJASEARTHQUAKE
Cause ofQuake
Distances ofEarthquakes
Epicenter
SOURCEOF
QUAKE
ComparisonEarthquake
AFTERMATHFROM
QUAKE
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DATE AND TIME
Friday, May 26, 2006 at 22:54:01(UTC) from USGS
Friday, May 26, 2006 at 22:53:58(UTC) from EMSC
Saturday, May 27, 2006 at 5:54:01 AM
(local time/Jogjakarta)
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Cause of Quake
Type of earthquake:
Tectonic by the subduction of the Indo-Australia plate with eurasia plate.
Type of fault :Strike-Slip Fault
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BMG Location : 8,26LS and 110,31LE Depth : 33 km (during earthquake ) The last update (3rd) from BMG determine if center of earthquake in 8,03LS and
110,32LE with depth : 11,3 Km Magnitude : 5,9 SR
Badan Geologi Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik
Indonesia Location : 8,007LS and 110,286LE Depth : 17,1 km
USGS Location : 7,977LS and 110,318LE Depth : 17,1 km
Magnitude : 6,3 SR
EMSC Location : 8,04LS and 110,39LE
Depth : 10 km
Magnitude : 6,4 SR
Source of Quake
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Distances of Earthquakes Epicenter
USGS 25 km (15 miles) SSW of Yogyakarta 115 km (75 miles) S of Semarang 145 km (90 miles) SSE of Pekalongan 440 km (275 miles) ESE of Jakarta
EMSC 29 Km S of Yogyakarta 11 Km SE Pundong
Vibration of quake until Solo, Semarang, Purworejo, Kebumenand Banyumas.
Vibration also until several cities in East Java, like : Ngawi,Madiun, Kediri, Trenggalek, Magetan, Pacitan, Blitar andSurabaya.
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Position of Quakes Epicenter
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Aftermath from Quake
Victims of death : 5,782 Victims of injured : 36,299 135,000 houses damaged.
(Bantul : 3,580 death and more than 1,892injuries. Klaten : 1,668 death )
Schools : destroyed 148 and damaged 537 Destroyed electric installations and
communication Cracked of landing area in Adi Sutjiptos
airport
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HEAVILY DAMAGED AND
DESTROYED BUILDINGS
Mall Saphir Square
Mall Ambarukmo Plaza
GOR Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
STIE Kerja Sama
ISI (Institut Seni Indonesia) Yogyakarta
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HEAVILY DAMAGED AND DESTROYEDAncient Sites and Tourists Area
Prambanan temple
Sepulcher of Imogiri
Trajumas shed in Kraton Yogyakarta
Borobudur temple
Tourist area of Kasongan
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Pictures
Mall Shapire
Square
STIE KerjaSama
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Picture
ISI Yogyakarta
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Pictures
Prambanantemple
Sepulcher ofImogiri
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Pictures
Tourist AreaKASONGAN
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L/O/G/O
Comparison ofQuake in Padang,
Bengkulu,Tasikmalaya and
Jogja
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Comparison of Quake in Padang,Bengkulu, Tasikmalaya and Jogja
Time : Jogjas Earthquake : Saturday, May 27,
2006 at 5:53:58 AM
Padangs Earthquake : Tuesday, March 6,2007 at 10:49:39 AM
Tasikmalayas Earthquake : Wednesday,Sept 2, 2009 at 02:55:01 PM
Bengkulus Earthquake : Wednesday, Sept12, 2007 at 06:10:26 PM
C i f E th k i J j P d
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Comparison of Earthquake in Jogja, Padang,Bengkulu, and Tasikmalaya
Magnitude (USGS): Jogjas Earthquake : 6.3 SR
Padangs Earthquake : 7.6 SR
Tasikmalayas Earthquake : 7.0 SR
Bengkulus Earthquake : 7.9 SR
Depth (hypocenter) :
Jogjas Earthquake : 17,1 km
Padangs Earthquake : 80 km
Tasikmalayas Earthquake : 46,2 km
Bengkulus Earthquake : 24,9 km
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Comparison of Earthquake in Jogja, Padang,Bengkulu, and Tasikmalaya
Coordinat : Jogyas Earthquake : 7,977LS and
110,318LE
Padangs Earthquake :0,890LS and99,961LE
Tasikmalayas Earthquake :7,809 LS and107,259LE
Bengkulus Earthquake : 4,517LS,101,382LE
C i f E h k i J j
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Comparison of Earthquake in Jogja,Padang, Bengkulu, and Tasikmalaya
Location of epicenter : Jogyas Earthquake : 25 km (15 miles) SSW
of Yogyakarta
Padangs Earthquake : 57 Km SW ofPariaman, Padang
Tasikmalayas Earthquake :100 Km SSW ofBandung
Bengkulus Earthquake : 130 Km SW ofBengkulu
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Location Epicenter of Earthquake
Padang Bengkulu Jogjakarta Tasikmalaya
C i f E th k i J j
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Comparison of Earthquake in Jogja,Padang, Bengkulu, and Tasikmalaya
Cause of quake : Jogyas Earthquake :Tectonic by the subduction
of the Indo-Australia plate with eurasia plate.
Padangs Earthquake : Tectonic by the
subduction of the Indo-Australia plate (leftSumatera) with eurasia plate(right Sumatera).
Tasikmalayas Earthquake :Tectonic by thesubduction of the Indo-Australia plate with
eurasia plate.
Bengkulus Earthquake : Tectonic by thementawai fault
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Tectonic Summary
The November 8th,2009 earthquake inthe Sumbawa regionof Indonesia
occurred as a resultof thrust faulting onor near a microplateboundary within the
Sunda plate.
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History Seismicity NTB
FromTVOne
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http://d/Gempa%20Fix/Puppet.flv