beyond inspire: scotland
DESCRIPTION
In 2009 the INSPIRE Directive was adopted as a Statutory Instrument by both the UK and Scottish Parliaments with a view to developing the Metadata, Web Map and Web Feature Services, to an agreed timetable, over the next decade. Both the Scottish Government and Geographic Information community in Scotland recognise that although the mandated datasets are helpful in focusing attention on priorities within the context of creating a Scottish Spatial Data Infrastructure and delivering efficiencies across all tiers of Scottish Government, the INSPIRE Directive should be seen very much as a catalyst rather than a checklist. RCAHMS recognises the need to and value in sharing the information it curates on behalf of the Scottish public with partner organisations and the wider community for the benefit of the promotion and appreciation of Scotland’s heritage. Although, the majority of records in Canmore (http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/), the national inventory of the archaeological and built heritage of Scotland and its maritime waters are not protected through statutory designation, RCAHMS has argued that the information it curates is relevant to and should be considered as part of the INSPIRE Annex I Protected Places theme, even if not a mandatory dataset. To date RCAHMS has released a point-based WMS for the information in Canmore and is developing further bespoke services for maritime losses and the results of its own aerial survey mapping programme, the first in a series of richer datasets. WFS will be developed on release of guidance documents from the Scottish Government. Promoting the undesignated heritage of Scotland through INSPIRE raises a number of questions over the appropriateness of applying specifications for regulatory environmental data to the wider cultural heritage and how information, so published, could be understood and used remotely by audiences outside heritage. Archaeological data is often ill-defined and incomplete. Would those accessing data remotely necessarily understand the incompleteness, bias and variability of the record in contrast to the fixed boundaries of most designated datasets? A land manager may need to know if a site is extant, known from documentary sources or revealed through aerial photography or remote sensing whereas an archaeologist needs to consider evidence from the investigation and recording of a site. Delivery of richer spatial datasets for most archaeological investigations remain aspirational as they require collaborative, participatory approaches from across the profession and engagement from the academic and private sectors. Even if the mechanisms to deliver richer datasets are in place, potential barriers include concerns over intellectual property rights and a reluctance to change working practices though inertia may gradually be addressed through demonstrator services and case studies highlighting the potential benefits in the long term.TRANSCRIPT
Beyond Inspire: towards delivering richer heritage data in Scotland
Peter McKeague and Mike Middleton
Outline of talk 1. Outline of adoption of INSPIRE and aspirations of Scottish SDI 2. Metadata 3. Published Historic Environment Datasets for Scotland 4. A broader view of Protected sites 5. RCAHMS data – limitations in the wider world 6. DSP - RCAHMS Mapping 7. Conclusions
Outline of talk
Provides Scotland with a national inventory of the architectural and archaeological heritage as set out by the Granada and Valetta Conventions
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland • Identifies, surveys and interprets the built environment of Scotland through field survey, aerial reconnaissance and desk-based analysis
• Preserve, care for and add to the information and the items in the National Collection relating to the archaeological, architectural and historical environment through receipt of information from commercial and community projects and the deposition of third party archives •Promote public understanding and enjoyment of the information and the items in the collection
through presentation of resources online through the Canmore database, encouraging public contributions, working with community groups to record and appreciate their heritage through Scotland’s Rural Past project.
The role of RCAHMS
Guidance, Policy and implementation
2004: One Scotland, -One Geography. A Geographic Information Strategy for Scotland http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/57346/0016922.pdf 2009: INSPIRE Statutory Instrument http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2009/440/contents/made 2010: Cookbook 1 How to serve a Scottish SDI and INSPIRE compliant WMS http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/311518/0098305.pdf In preparation: Cookbook 2 How to serve a Scottish SDI and INSPIRE compliant WFS
After Cameron Easton: Scottish Government
The Scottish Spatial Data Infrastructure
National
Mapping
Agency
(Ordnance
Survey)
Commercial
aerial
photography
vendors
Scottish Spatial Data Infrastructure Metadata Portal
http://scotgovsdi.edina.ac.uk/srv/en/main.home
Scottish Spatial Data Infrastructure Metadata Portal
Marine Environmental data & Information Network Spatial Data Infrastructure Metadata Portal
http://portal.oceannet.org/search/full/catalogue/medin.ac.uk__MEDIN_2.3__Canmore.xml/
Published Historic Environment Services in Scotland
Historic Scotland have published metadata and WMS for Scheduled Monuments Listed Buildings Gardens and Designed Landscapes Developing a hosted service for Conservation Areas on behalf of local authorities RCAHMS Have published metadata and WMS for the National inventory of the archaeological and built heritage (Canmore) are preparing WMS for more detailed datasets are promoting INSPIRE principles to Local Authority archaeological services
Elsewhere, a much more restrictive interpretation of ‘Protected Sites’ focuses on only those sites that are protected through statutory designation
Local authority Historic Environment Records Several have WMS for their own purposes but none formally published through the Scottish Spatial Data Infrastructure Discovery Portal
Protected Sites and the wider Historic Environment
A Protected Site is defined as an “Area designated or managed within a framework of international, Community and Member States' legislation to achieve specific conservation objectives” [Directive 2007/2/EC]. “..a Protected Site is an area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means.” [International Union for the Conservation of Nature]
Protected Sites and the wider Historic Environment
Why the wider historic environment matters • European Union and Sector policies The Valetta Convention on the Archaeological Heritage (1992) The Granada Convention on the Architectural Heritage (1985) • Only about 7% of the known archaeological resource is protected through statutory means • Informing the designation process • Managing the historic environment through other effective means Planning guidance (Planning Advice Note 42 in Scotland) Stewardship and voluntary agreements • Expectation and best practice • Stimulating research
It is the wider historic environment that is most at risk and has most to benefit from INSPIRE
Understanding data: who is the audience?
W Stukeley's Drawing of Arthur’s O’on, Stenhousemuir (published 1720) http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/453314/
Oblique aerial photograph of an Iron Age fort, Habchester, Borders http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/993205/
Duddingston Hoard, Edinburgh http://www.scran.ac.uk/database/image.php?usi=000-100-034-447-R
©National Museums Scotland. Licensor www.scran.ac.uk
Brunatwatt Burnt Mound, Shetland http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/1225858/
Upstanding Heritage
What is a Burnt Mound? Known form documentary sources?
.. or a find spot? .. Or the condition of a monument?
.. or known from cropmarks?
Does the public understand the terminology?
Cropmarks: Aerial Photographic Mapping Programme
(partial)Attribution of Aerial Survey Transcription layer
TAG Source line tag from Cad file
CODE Thesaurus Broad term
Class Site Classification
Photo_no RCAHMS catalogue number of source photograph
Completed Date individual transcription signed off.
Numlink Internal Site reference number
URL Hyperlink to Site record published on Canmore
Source oblique aerial survey photography
Interpretative transcription of visible cropmarks
..and rectified image Images: Crown Copyright:: RCAHMS Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
Aerial Survey WMS
Images: Crown Copyright:: RCAHMS Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
WMS to be consumed by Canmore Mapping website
http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/57720/
Full Site Details http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/57720/
Knowes
Images: Crown Copyright:: RCAHMS Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
Scottish Spatial data Infrastructure
Data Provider / Publishers
Service provision
Canmore (Spatial) database
Aerial photography: Rectified images Transcription linework
Discovery Registry
Portals
End User
View services
Service consumption
Third party data: e.g.Remote Sensing Excavation extents and detail
Service delivery
Discovery Services / Metadata
View Services / Web Map Services
Download Services /
Web Feature Services
RCAHMS Mapping
Canmore database contains over 300,000 records
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping
© Crown Copyright and database right 2011 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
© Crown Copyright, RCAHMS
RCAHMS Mapping
RCAHMS Mapping
Defining Scotland’s Places
http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/rcahms_media/files/survey/rcahms_data_management.pdf
http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/rcahms_media/files/survey/rcahms_polygonisation_report.pdf
http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/rcahms_media/files/survey/rcahms_inspired_report.pdf
http://www.rcahms.gov.uk/historic-environment-polygonisation-standards-scotland.html
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Defining Scotland’s Places
Legal Directorate
Audience
• Heritage Professionals • Land Managers
• Public The Crown Estates
Defence Estates (Ministry of Defence)
Queen's and Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer (QLTR)
Directorate for Business, Enterprise and Energy
Directorate for Culture, External Affairs and Tourism
Directorate for Climate Change and Water Industry
Directorate for Environmental Quality
Directorate for Housing and Regeneration
Directorate for Rural Payments and Inspection
Directorate for the Built Environment Directorate for Transport
General Register Office for Scotland
Health Directorate (NHS Scotland)
Marine Scotland
Transport Scotland
Architecture and Design Scotland Crofters Commission
Cairngorms National Park Authority
Highlands and Islands Airports
Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park Authority
National Museums Scotland
Scottish Environment Protection Agency Scottish Water
32 Local Authorities
Emergency Services
Architectural Heritage Society of Scotland (AHSS)
Heritage professionals (Architects, archaeologist, etc)
Universities
RCAHMS Mapping
SMRs/HERs Historic Scotland RCAHMS
The Potential
(Trigger Mapping)
Designation
(Constraint Mapping)
The Known
(Inventory Mapping)
Organisation:
What are they
mapping?
One Scotland – One Geography
RCAHMS Mapping: Standards
RCAHMS Mapping Attribution
What is it?
Who to contact to get more info.
LA/HER hyperlink
RCAHMS hyperlink
When the shape was made
Where the shape came from
Why is it of interest?
Discovery attribution – The core attribution needed to be standards
compliant and meaningful to as wide an audience as possible.
RCAHMS Mapping : defining site extents
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping: Historic Landuse Characterisation data to help inform process
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping : Record location indicated by point co-ordinates
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping: though records define areas – as in this country house and its estate
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping preserved as green space in the urban environment
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping The archaeological record represented as points
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping and as site area extents: providing a fuller picture of the resource
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping also applicable to the marine environment
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping The German High Seas Fleet scuttled in Scapa Flow , Orkney Islands
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping Cramond Roman Fort, Edinburgh
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
RCAHMS Mapping Potential of third party event information contributing to project
Base mapping: © Crown Copyright and database right 2012 All rights reserved. OS Lic. No. 100020548
Excavation
extents
Excavation
detail
After Cameron Easton: Scottish Government
The Scottish Spatial Data Infrastructure Challenge Engaging the private sector and academia
Broadening
approach to
include
academic
and private
sector
Conclusions....
The fieldworker or researcher creates primary data but not everyone has the
capacity, ability or infrastructure to delivery WMS or WFS services
Need to agree on appropriate standards to document the data consistently
and a need for a facilitating role to enable organisations to contribute..
Contact Peter McKeague : [email protected] Mike Middleton: [email protected]
• Remote access to information through Spatial Data Infrastructures is the future
• Historic Environment Data needs to be visible in an SDI (otherwise it is ignored)
• Historic Environment Data needs to be understood by the layman
• Need to facilitate publication of richer data from the activities that inform our records
The RCAHMS SURE partnership with the National Trust for Scotland
and Orkney Islands Council is one such example of a new approach