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• Introduction

• Botanical description

• Rasa panchaka

• Therapeutic Dose

• Useful part

• Karma

• Chemical Composition

• Toxicity

• Management

• Post mortem appearance

• Treatment

• Medico legal Aspects

• Shodhana

• Yogas

• It is one of the poisonous plant, in which seeds more deadly

poisonous.

• In Rasatarangini it is mentioned under upavisha

(Chaturvimshtiranga 163-164)

• As per modern it is mentioned under organic irritant poison.

• Kingdom -- Plantae

• Division -- Angiosperms

• Class -- Rosids Or Euduicots

• Order -- Sapindales

• Family -- Anacardaceae

• Genus -- Semicarpus

• Species -- Anacardium

• Botanical name -- Semicarpus anacardium

• Aruskara – By touch it creates vrna (wound)

• Agnimukhi - Part of fruit appears like red

colour of fire.

• Agnika – It is having ushna virya like that of agni.

• Shopakrit - By touch it causes

swelling(Vescicles).

• Sanskrit - Bhallataka

• English - Marking nut

• Hindi - Bhilava

• Kannada - Keru

• Telugu - Nall jidichettu

• Tamil - Senakottai

• Bengali - Bhela

• Habit:

• A moderate sized deciduous tree, exudating a dark

juice & measures about 25 to 40 feet in height.

• Habitat: It is found throughout India, i,e in Himalaya,

Bihar, Bengal, Orissa, Assam Etc.

http://www.google.co.in/imgres?start=98&client=firefox-a&hs=llC&sa=X&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&channel=rcs&biw=1366&bih=605&tbm=isch&tbnid=_5r5OI9g4tZqFM:&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Semecarpus_anacardium_(Marking_Nut)_W_IMG_1405.jpg&docid=G886LiBdOqw6EM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Semecarpus_anacardium_(Marking_Nut)_W_IMG_1405.jpg&w=819&h=600&ei=gjBEUpqxL8aKlAWR_AE&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:2,s:100,i:10&iact=rc&page=5&tbnh=192&tbnw=247&ndsp=20&tx=45&ty=99

• Oblong – obovate, rounded at apex, cartilaginous at margin,

very coriaceous.

• Fasciculate arranged in erect, compound, terminal panicles.

• Colour – Greenish yellow

• Drupes: Outer layer epicarp, middle layer mesocarp, hard

stony endocarp, obliquely oval or oblong, smooth shining

• Purplish black when ripen, cup orange - red.

• Fruits gets ripen from November to February.

• Marking nuts are black, heart shaped with rough projection at

the base.

• They have thick, cellular pericarp, which contains an irritant

brownish juice, oily & acrid but turns to black on exposure to air.

• Charaka – Deepaniya, bhedaniya, kustagna, mutrasangrahana.

• Sushruta – Nyagrodhadi,mustadi.

• Vagbhata – Nyagrodhadi , mustadi.

Acc.to

different

acharyas

Rasa Guna Virya Vipaka Karma

Acc.to Raj

nighantu

Katu

Tikta

Kashaya

____

Ushna Madhura Kaphavatah

ara

Acc.to

dhanvantari

nighantu

Katu

Tikta ____

Ushna Madhura Vatakaphah

ara

Acc.to

Bhavapraka

sh

Kashaya Laghu Ushna Madhura Vatakaphah

ara.

• Paste of seed kernal – 3 to 6 gm

• Seed oil - 10 to 20 drops

• Fruit

• Seed

• Bark

• Kaphavatahara.

• Medhya.

• Vrsya.

• Deepana.

• Bhedana.

• Rasayana.

• Nuts – Bioflavanoids A, B, & C, tetrahydro bustaflavone,

tetrahydro mentoflavone, nallaflavone Etc.

• Nutshell – Anacardic acid, bhilwanols. etc

• Kernel oil – linoleic, myristic, oleic, palmitic & stearic acids.

• Fruits –Nicotinic acid, riboflavine, thiamine & essential amino

acids.

• Leaves – amentoflavone.

• It is included in under upavisha.

• Fatal Dose – 5 to 10 gm

• Fatal period – 12 to 24 hrs .

• Since Bhallataka is extremely hot and sharp in its attributes, it

should be used with caution. Individuals showing allergic

reactions to it should stop and avoid the usage of Bhallataka. It

should not be used in small children, very old persons, pregnant

women and individuals of predominant pitta constitution. The

use of the same should be restricted in summer season

• Externally – Contact with skin produces inflammation and

vescication.

• Internally – Ingestion causes severe gastro interitis,

• Hypotension

• Delirium

• Coma

• Death.

IN AYURVEDA

( anupanamanjari 3/ 4-5)

• The juice extracted from meghananda(ameranthus tricolour) mixed with butter and & if applied locally subsides the swelling caused by bhallataka.

• The mixture of devadaru, sarsapa & musta mixed with butter if applied on the body subsides all complications caused by bhallataka.

• This is symptomatic

• When applied externally, the parts should be washed with

warm water & bland liniments applied.

• Blisters are seen in mouth, throat, & stomach which are

congested & inflamed.

• Abortifacient :When bhallataka juice is applied over vagina it

causes abortion

• Juice may be applied to the skin to create fabricate injury.

• Accidental poisoning may result from therapeutic misadventures

at the hands of quacks.

• Bhallataka seeds are to be preserved in brick powder for 7 to

12 days. So that brick powder absorbs all strong pungent oil of

Bhallataka and can be used for medicinal purpose (Ref.Raja

nigantu)

• Bhallataka vati

• Sanjivini vati

• Bhallataka taila

• Amrta Bhallataki lehya.

• Dhanvanthari Nighantu

• Raj Nighantu

• Bhavaprakash Nighantu

• Anupanamanjari

• Text book of dravya guna vignana by P.V.Sharma

• Charaka Samhita

•THANK YOU.