bharathiyar matriculation school 18.the british made an attempt … · 2019-03-10 · m.sakthivel ....

M.SAKTHIVEL .M.A.,M.A[SWA].,B.ED.,PGDCA.,DCSE.,MDSA.,DCA., - 9787576858. Social Science – Interior One Mark Study Material $$Department of Social Science$$ 1

1.European nations to extend their authority over the political and

economic life of other nations which we call it as Imperialism.

2.The word imperialism derives from the Latin word.

3.Imperium meaning Power.

4.Ruling a country indirectly by the keeping a puppet government is

called Political Imperialism.

5.England setup a trading post at Surat.

6.In 1664 the French East Indian Company Established.

7.The bottle of plassey in 1757 led by Robert Clive.

8.Trade free of tax in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and the 24 parganas

near present Calcutta.

9.Mughal Emperor Shah Allam II after its success in the battle of

Buxar in 1764.

10.Emperss Dowager known as Old Buddha.

11.The U.S.A and England formulated the Open Door Policy or

“Me too policy”.

12.The lessons learnt in the Boxer rebellion paved the way for the

Revolution of 1911.

13.Germany increased the strength of the army and stationed a

fleet at Heligoland in North Sea.

14.Triple Alliance – 1882 – Italy, Germany and Austria Hungary.

15.Triple Entente – 1907 – France, Britain and Russia.

16.European Statesman often said “, If you wish for Peace

prepare for way”.

17.In October 1914, Turkey entered the war extending her support

to the Central Powers.

18.The British made an attempt to capture Gallipoli Peninsula with a

view of controlling the Dardanelles and capturing Constantinople.

19.Bulgaria to join the side of the Central powers in 1915.

20.Rumania joined the Allies in 1916.

21.October Revolution–1917.

22.Russia made peace with Central Powers at Brest –

Litovsk in 1918.

23.The First World War came to an end by Paris Peace

Conference of 1919.

24.On the initiative of Woodrow Wilson, the president of USA, in

January, 1919 a Peace Conference was held in Paris .

25.A council of ten with two representatives each from America,

Britain, France, Italy and Japan was formed.

26.Francis Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of England,

Woodrow Wilson of America and Orlando of Itlay, played a major

role in the conference.

27.The League of Nations Society 1915.

28.The world League for Peace 1917.

29.The League of free nations Association 1918.

30.The League of Nations was officially founded with its

headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

31.The economic depression in late 1929.

32.It is called ‘Great’ as it adversely affected almost all the great

countries of the world except USSR.

33.The Great Depression began on Oct 24, 1929 with the fall in the

prices of shares.

34.Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883 at

Romagna in East – Central Italy.

35.Mussolini father was a black smith.

36.Mussolini mother was a school teacher.

37.Mussolini graduated in 1902 became a school teacher.

38.Mussolini came into contact with Lenin and learned his ideology.

39.Mussolini became an editor of Italian socialist paper in Austria.

40.Mussolini edited a socialist paper called Avanti.

Bharathiyar Matriculation School Near Railway Station, Attur Tk, Salem Dt.636102

Department of Social Science

Interior One Mark Study Material-2016-17

கண்டிக்கும் ஆசிரியர் உன்னை கனையயற்றி விடுவார் கவனைப்படhயே. – பிைாங்களின்.

HISTORY

www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

https://www.trbtnpsc.com/2013/09/10th-study-materials.html


41.The Allied forces heavily bombarded Sicily and landed in the

island in 1943.

42.Mussolini was shot dead by his own countrymen in 1945.

43.The Germany forced to pay war compensation amounting to

£6 billion.

44.Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria.

45.Hitler went to Vienna for job.

46.Hitler joined the army during the first world war and fought

bravely for which he was awarded the Iron cross.

47.Hitler organized a group of men called the -

National Socialists in 1919.

48.Hitler replaced trade Unions by the Labour Front which consisted

of the representatives from both the Employers and

the Employees.

49.In August 1941 the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and

US President F. D. Roosevelt met on the board of the battle ship

Augusta and signed the Atlantic Charter.

50.The British counter attacked and captured Eritrea in February,

Somalia in March, and Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia.

51.America dropped atom bombs on the cities of Hiroshima on

August 6, and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.

52.The Allied army entered Germany and it surrendered on

May 7, 1945.

53.Atlantic Charter was finally discussed in the San Francisco

conference of 1945.

54.The UN charter was signed at San Francisco on 26th June 1945.

55.At present, UNO has 193 members.

56.UNO’s headquarters is at New York.

57.Mrs. VijayalakshmiPandit of India was elected as the President of

the General Assembly in 1953.

58.The Security Council has five Permanent members – The

USA,UK,France, the Russian Federation and China.

59.The Security Council has ten non-permanent members.

60.The Permanent members have the right to veto (Negative vote).

61.The Economic and Social Council consists of 54 members for a

period of 9 years.

62.International court is located at the Hague in Netherlands.

63.International court consists of 15 Judges.

64.The Secretary General is the Chief Administrative Officer

of the UNO.

65.The present Secretary General is Mr. Ban ki Moon from

South Korea.

66.The White UN Emblem on a light blue background.

67.Two bent Olive branches opening at the top and in between them

is the World map.

68.Italy and the three Benelux states are Belgium, Netherlands,

and Luxemburg.

69.European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) formed among six

European countries in 1951.

70.ECSC was proposed by Robert Schuman, the French foreign

minister on May 9, 1950.

71.EEC – European Economic Community.

72.EURATOM - European Atomic Energy Community.

73.EEC AND EURATOM were established by the Treaty of Rome.

74.EU’s motto – United in Diversity.

75.The first direct democratic elections to the European Parliament

was held in 1979.

76.EU meets in Strasbourg (France).

77.EU consists of 736 members elected for five years term.

78.The council of the European Union also called the ‘Council’ and

sometimes referred to as the ‘Council of Ministers’.

79.The council of the European Union forms the other half of the

EU’s legislature.

80.On 19th November 2009, Herman Van Rampay was chosen as the

first permanent President of the EU.

உயர்வடைவதற்கு உயர்வாகவவ சிந்திக்க வவண்டும் – SS




81.Herman Van Rampay assumed office on December 1, 2009.

82.The World Trade Organisations are G -8 AND G -20.

83.At present, there are 28 member states in EU.

84.The annexation of Hindu states like Satara, Nagpur, and Jhansi

were resented by the Hindus.

85.Lord Bentinck’s resumption of rent-free tenures reduced the land

owners to poverty.

86.The outbreak of severe famines in the first half of the nineteenth

century made the economic distress more acute.

87.The first sign of unrest appeared early in 1857 at Barrackpore

in Bengal.

88.The sepoys broke out into open revolt at Meerut in May 1857.

89.The Chief Commissioners Sir Lawrence and Colonel Neil were

killed at Lucknow Revolt.

90.Barailley was the capital of Rohilkhand.

91.The revolt at Bihar was led by Kunwar Singh, the old landlord of

Jagadishpur.

92.After Kunwar Singh’s death in 1858, his brother Amarsingh took

the revolt at Bihar.

93.The Socio- religious reform movements were called as the Indian

Renaissance movements.

94.Raja Rammohan Roy was born in Bengal.

95.Raja Rammohan Roy joined the service of East India Company in

1805 and continued the same upto 1814.

96.Raja Rammohan Roy died in 1833 at Bristol.

97.Raja Rammohan Roy was given title of ‘Raja’ by the

Mughal Emperor.

98.Raja Rammohan Roy founded ‘Atmiya Saba’ in 1815 which later

developed into ‘BrahmoSamaj’.

99.Swami Dayananda Saraswathi founded the AryaSamaj in 1875.

100.Swami Dayananda Saraswathi was born in Morvi state in

Kathiawar.

101.Mrs. Annie Besant became the President of Theosophical Society

in 1893.

102.Mrs. Annie Besant founded the Central Hindu College at

Benaras and later it was developed into Benaras

Hindu University.

103.The Ramakrishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda

on May 1, 1897.

104.Ramakrishna was born in Bengal in 1836 and died in 1886.

105.Vivekananda proclaimed “Renunciation and Service” as the two

fold national ideals of modern India.

106.St. Ramalinga of Vadalur was born at Marudhur near

Chidambaram in 1823.

107.Sir Syed Ahamed Khan started a school at Ghazipur in 1864.

108.In 1873, JyotibaPhule formed the Satya Shodhak Samaj (Society

of seekers of truth).

109.In 1903, Sree Narayana Guru Dharma Paribalana Yogam was

started to work for the social economic and educational

development of the Ezhava Community and other

backward people.

110.Sripade B. V. Sadhu Maharaja constructed a temple in honour

of Sri Chaitanya, called the PremaMandir in Mungir.

111.Freedom Movement in India – Phase – I – Pre-Gandhian Era

(A.D. 1885-A.D. 1919).

112.In 1920, B.G. Tilak died. Gandhiji became the leader

of the congress.

113.Sathyagraga a movement based on Truth and Non-Violence.

114.Nationalist leaders like C.R.Das and Motilal Nehru formed the

swarajya party in 1923.

115.The Lion of Punjab-LalaLajpatRai.

116.British Prime Minister Ramsay Mc .Donald announced a scheme

known as Communal award in 1932.

முயற்சியும் நம்பிக்னகயும் ஒன்றாகும் யபாது வவற்றியின் வடிவம் பிறக்கும் – SS




117.The Congress ministry resigned, Mohamad Ali Jinnah, the

leader of Muslim League became so much over enjoyed and he

celebrated this as the day of deliverance on 22 December 1939.

118.In March 1932,Sir Stafford Cripps was sent to India to negotiate

with Indian leaders.

119.Gandhiji rejected the assurance and called it as a post

datedcheque on a crushing bank.

120.On the basis of the Mount Batten, plan the British Government

passed the Indian Independence Act in July 1947.

121.Jawaharlal Nehru remarked,The Light has gone out of our lives

and there is darkness everywhere.

122.On eve of Indian Independence there were nearly 565 princely

States in India.

123.With the consent of the FrenceGovernment,Pondicherry,

Karaikal,Mahe,Yenam and Chandranagore became the parts of

the Indian Union in 1954.

124.Goa,Diu and Daman were the Portuguese settlements in India.

125.Goa,Diu and Daman became finally apart of the

Indian Union in 1961.

126.The Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of

Dr.B.R.Ambedhkar completed the work in November,1949.

127.V.O.ChidambaramPillai was born in Ottapidaram

on September 5,1872.

128.ChidambaramPillai was the founder of the Swedhi Dharma

Sanga Weaving Association and Swadesi Co-operative Stores

in Tuticorin.

129.V.O.C formed the Swadesi Steam Navigation Company and run

the service between Tuticorin and Colombo.

130.SubramaniyaBharathi was born on Dec.11,1882 at

Ettayapuram in Thirunelveli District.

131.TiruppurKumaran was born on 1904,in Chennimalai

Erode district.

132.Satyamurti was born in Thirumayam,on August 19,1887.

133.Rajaji wrote Sakkravarthi Thirumahal, Vyassar Virundu and

commentaries on Gita andUpanisad.

134. In 1955,Rajaji awarded Bharat Ratna.

135.Rajaji died on Dec.25,1972.

136.Kamaraj was born on July 15th,1903 at Virudupatti now known

as Virudhunagar.

137.In 1930 Kamaraj was arrested and imprisoned for 2 years in

Alipore Jail.

138.In 1940 Kamaraj was arrested and sent to Vellore Jail.

139.In 1942 Kamaraj was arrested and sentenced to three years in

the Amaravathi Jail.

140. Kamaraj was affectionately called by the people as Perum

Thalaivar means Great Leader.

141.E.V.Ramasamy was born on September 17,1879 in Erode.

142.Periyar visited a school on Gurukulam style run at

Sheramandevi out of congress funds.

143.Periyar propagated 14 points of the socialists Manifesto.

144.Anna was born on 15th September,1909 at Kanchipuram.

145.Anna had his M.A.in the Pachiyappa College,Madras.

146.Anna was a good orator.

147.To make the students improve their knowledge in Tamil and to

score good marks in Tamil Chennai Manavar Mandram,

was established.

148.Appreciating Dr.S.Dharmambal service to Tamil language and

literature she was conferred the tittle of Veera Tamilannai.

149.Dr.s. Dharmambal gave the title Periyar to E.V.Ramasamy

Naicker and Ealisai Mannar to M.K.Thiyagaraja Bagavathar.

150.Dr.S.Dharmambal was died in 1959 at the age of 69.

வவற்றிக்கு திட்ைமிடுதடைக் காட்டிலும் அடத வசயல்படுத்துதவை வவற்றிடய தரும் - SS




1.India is the largest country in South Asia with rich civilization.

2.In historical times, India was known as Bharat and Hindustan.

3.The Europeans afterwards started referring to this country as India

a derivative of the word Sindhu.

4.Latitudes and longitudes help us to locate a Place.

5.India extends from 804’ N to3706’N latitudes.

6.India extends from 6807’E to 97025’E longitudes.

7.The tropic of cancer 23½0N runs across the country and divides it

into two equal halves.

8.India covers on area of 32,87,263Sq.Km with 1.2 billion population

(2011 census).

9.India stretches from Kashmir in the north to kanyakumari in the

south for about 3,214Km.

10.Gujarat in the west to Arunachal pradesh in the north east for

about 2,933Km.

11.India’s position is favorable for trade, commerce and economic

activities by connecting india with Europe through Suez Canal .

12.China, japan and Australia through Malaccan Strait.

13.India is the second largest country in Asia.

14.The east-west extent of india is about 29 degrees of longitude.

15.Due to this great longitudinal extent the sun rises or sets in the

eastern most nearly 1Hour 56Mins Earlier than in the

western most part.

16.Arakanyoma mountain range in the east separates India

from Myanmar.

17.Kanyakumari or cape comorin constitutes the southern tip of the

Indian peninsula.

18.Baltora and Siachen are the two big glaciers, found to the

South of Karakoram.

19.Passes are the natural gaps across the mountains.

20. Zojila pass – Kashmir.

21. Shipkila – Himachal Pradesh.

22. Nathula &Jelepla - Sikkim.

23.Pirpanjal in Kashmir is the longest range of himachal region

24.Dhauladar ranges stretches from jammu and Kashmir across

himachal Pradesh.

25.Kashmir valley, Khangra valley and Kulu valleys are in the

between Dhauladar ranges.

26.The narrow longitudinal valleys called Duns are found in siwalik

Eg. Dehra Dun.

27.Terai plains made up of deposits of fine silts in the

south of siwalik.

28.Eastern boundary of india is called Purvanchal – patkai & Naga

hills [north ]Mizo Hills [south].

29.Luni is an important river of Rajasthan.

30.Luni river flows into gulf of kutch.

31.Rajasthan plain have several Salt Lakes – sambar lake

(Puskar lake) jaipur.

32.The delhi ridge separates the Punjab Haryana plains from

the ganga plains.

33. The alluvial tract of land between two adjacent river are

called Doab.

34.The Ganga plain is the largest pain.

35.The kosi river known as the sorrow of Bihar.

36.The lower part of the delta called the sundarbans.

37.The Brahmaputra river originates in Tibet and locally known as

Tsangpo (purifiers).

38.Brahmaputra river entering india it cuts through the Dihang

gorge and enter the Assam valley.

39.The large number of tributaries coming from Assam hills in the

north joint the main river and form Alluvial Fans.

40.Malwa plateau is bounded by the Aravali Range, the vindhya

range and Bundelkhand.

41.Rivers like Betwa and Ken have carved out deep gorges

42.The Damodar River flows from west to east through the middle of

central highland.

GEOGRAPHY




43.Central highland has a series of plateaus hills such as

Hazaribagh plateau – North.

44.Damodarriver & Ranchi plateau – South.

45.Rajmahal Hills in the – North Eastern part.

46.Deccan plateau is made up of lava and is covered with block soil.

47.The Karnataka plateau merges with the Nilgiri Hills.

48.The Telengana plateau is drained by the Godavari, Krishna and

pennaru rivers.

49.Aravalli range is the one of oldest fold mountain systems

in the world.

50.Gurushikhar in the abu hills is the highest peak of the

aravalli range.

51.The Eastern Ghats and westernGhats join at the Nilgiris hills and

the highest point is dodda beta.

52.Udhagamandalam a hill station lies at the foot of the doddabetta

in the nilagiris.

53.Narmada, tapti, mahi and sabarmati rivers which do not form

deltas in the west coast.

54.The konkan coast has series of bays and sand beaches.

55.The Karnataka plain extends from Goa to Mangalore.

56.The Malabar plain lies between Mangalore and kaniyakumari.

57.The coastal plain between mahanadhi and Krishna rivers is

known as Northern Circars.

58.The part lying between Krishna and cauvery rivers called

coramandal coast.

59.The utkal plain is found along the coast of odisa.

60.Chilkalake is the biggest lake in india is located towards the

south of the mahanadhi river delta.

61.The Andhra plain lies between Berhampur and pulicat lake.

62.The tamilnadu plain stretches from pulicat lake to kanyakumari.

63.Kollerulake – Andhra plain.

64.Cauvery river delta the granary on south india.

65.The Andaman island groups are separated from the Nicobar

island groups by the Ten Degree Channel.

66.The extreme southern most point is the Indira point.

67.The laccadives, minicoy and aminidivi groups of island were

renamed as Lakshadweep in 1973.

68.Climate is one of the basic elements in the natural environment.

69.El-nino is complex weather phenomena that appears once in

every five to ten years.

70.El – nino also a cause for the delay of southwest monsoon onset

in india.

71.The Moisture laden wind is forced to ascend the slopes condenses

and gives heavy rain fall to western coastal region.

72.North east monsoon absorbs moisture and heavy rain to the

coramandal coast.

73.North east monsoon is called Retreating Monsoon Winds.

74.Soil resources is the medium of plant growth and supports

various types of living organism on the earth.

75.Block soil is formed from the weathering of Igneous Rocks.

76.Block soil has a special property of holding Moisture.

77.Red soil is formed from the weathering of the ancient crystalline

and metamorphic rocks.

78.The red color is due to its very high iron content.

79.Red soil is Porous and not retentive of moisture.

80.Laterite soil is mostly found in the peninsular plateau of India.

81.Laterite is coarse in texture and red in colour owing to the

presence of iron oxides.

82.Desert soil is highly infertile.

83.Soil erosion directly affects our food production.

84.The natural of soil erosion depend much upon the texture and

structure of the soil.

85.Mangrove forest is in west Bengal.

86.In nilgiris the tropical forest are locally called Sholas.

87.Mountain forest are found in the satpura and maikala ranges.

தன்னம்பிக்கையும், விடா முயற்சியும்,

ஒன்று சேரும் ச ாது கிகடப் சத “ வெற்றி “ -




88.Reserve forest it also known as permanent forest.

89.The forest conservation Act of 1980 was formulated especially to

heck deforestation forestlands for non forestry purposes.

90.In 1988 the Act was Amended by prescribing severe punishment

to violators.

91.The government should invole village communities and voluntary

agencies for the regeneration of degraded forest land.

92.A policy to conserve forest was developed in 1894.

93.National Forest Policy was modified and updated in 1952 and

1988.

94.Minerals having more iron content are called Ferrous Minerals.

95.Minerals which do not have iron content are Non Ferrous

Minerals.

96.Iron ore is the basic resource for a nation’s development.

97.Manganese dioxide is used for the manufacture of Dry Batteries.

98.Coal is also known as Black Gold.

99.Coal is classified into many varieties based on its quality on the

amount of carbon content in it.

100.Petroleum know as mineral oil is mined from the layers of

Sedimentary Rocks.

101.63% - Mumbai, 18% - Gujarat, 16% - Assam, 3% - Arunachal

pradesh, Andra Pradesh and Tamilnadu.

102.Recently natural gas has been found out the Krishna –Godavari

delta has reserves of natural gas.

103.In 1902 another power station was established at

Sivasamudram water falls in River Cauvery.

104.Nuclear electricity is produced from minerals such as Uranium

and Thorium.

105.Sun light can be directly converted to electricity through the

photo voltaic technology.

106.The largest solar energy conversion centre in india is located at

Madhapuri near Bhuj in Gujarat.

107.The Gulf of Khambhat is the best suited with 7000MW of Tidal

energy potential.

108.A wave energy power plant of 150MW has been installed at

Vizhinjam near thiruvanadhapuram.

109.(Conservation of energy resource) in this background there is on

urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development

110.Iron–Second ( Russia is first place ) ,manganese – fifth.

111.The plains of more suitable for Agriculture due to rich alluvial

soil which enhance the agricultural productivity.

112.Most of the india lies with in the tropics and enjoy tropical

monsoon climate.

113.To meet the food requirement of the growing population in the

areas of low rain fall dry crops are grown.

114.Primitive agriculture is known by

a) Jhum – Assam

b) Podu – Orissa &Andrapradhesh

c) Mashan – Madhya Pradesh

d) Ponam – Keral

115.Rice the staple food of south india occupies 44Million Hectares.

116 South india is the largest rice grown area in the world.

117.India achieved self sufficiency in rice in 1977.

118.Single cropping – also known as mono cropping is system of

forming where one crop can grow during a season or a year.

119.Double cropping is a system under which two crops are raised

by the farmers from the same plot of land during a year.

120.Multiple cropping - is system under which the farmer grow

more than two crops from the same plant of land during a year.

121.Mixed cropping – means the cultivation of more than one crop

Simultaneously on the same piece of land. The two crops are

Sown together but harvested at different times.

என் முயற்சிகள் என்னை பலமுனை னகவிட்டதுண்டு ஆைால், நான் ஒருமுனைகூட முயற்சினயக் னகவிடவில்னல

- எடிசன் -




122.Crop rotation –is a system of farming in which different crops

are alternately grown on the same land in a specific order.

123.The indian council of agriculture research (ICAR) was

established in 1929.

124.Thanjavur district is the Rice Bowl of Tamilnadu.

125.Samba is long term crop 5 to 6 months.

126.Kuruvai is crop grown within 3 or 4 months.

127.The previous harvest known as Thaladi.

128.Wheat is a staple food for the northern and north western

part of India.

129. Rainbow of revolution

Title Associated with the production of

Green Revolution Agricultural crops

White Revolution Milk and Milk products

Grey Revolution Eggs and Poultry

Golden Revolution Horticulture

Yellow Revolution Oil Seeds

Blue Revolution Marine products

130.Pulse crops include a large number of crops which are mostly leguminous and rich in proteins. 131.Cash crops – Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute, Coffee, Oil Seeds, Tobacco and Rubber. 132.They form export material that can earn foreign exchange. So they are known as cash crops. 133.Sugarcane grows well in the hot humid climate. 134.Cotton is a major fibre crop of India. 135.Jute is also called Golden fibre crop. 136.Tobacco brought to India by the Portuguese in 1508.

137.The tea plant grows well in tropical and subtropical climates endowed with deep and fertile soil. 138.Rubber is obtained from latex of rubber tree. 139.The overall contribution of fisheries is small, multilayer fish culture has resulted in a very high annual growth during the past decade. 140.India’s cotton textile industry – third place in cloth producing countries in the world.

141.India’s cotton textile trade – second in the world. 142.Nearly 90% jute industries are located in West Bengal mainly along the Hooghly River. 143.India is the fourth major sugar producing country in the world. 144.Top three in sugar producing countries – Cuba, Brazil, Russia. 145.India exports some of its surplus sugar to USA, UK, Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran and Sri Lanka. 146.Location of industry is greatly influenced by bulky raw materials and to a lesser extent by market. 147.The major mineral industry of our country is the iron and steel industry. 148.India’s major iron and steel industries are located either near the coal fields or iron ore mines or midway between the coal and iron ore fields. 149.In 1907, Tata iron and steel company was setup at Jamshedpur ,now it is called Tata Steel Limited. 150.In 1959, Bhilai’s rail and structural mill are one of the most modern and largest in the world. 151.The first automobile industry was started at Kurla (Mumbai) in 1947 under the name of Premier Automobile Limited. 152.The setting up of Indian Telephone industry in 1950 at Bangalore (Bengaluru) gave a boost to electronic industry. 153.Industrialization has undoubtedly made life more comfortable for modern man, but it has led to extreme stresses and degradation on the environment and its resources. 154.The word environment is most commonly used to describe Natural Environment which means the sum of all living and non-living things that surrounded us. 155.The source of pollutants is both natural and man-made. 156.“Gigantic Explosion of Mt. Helens released only about what one coal power plant emits in a year. 157.Vehicles which are eco-friendly are certified BHARATH II and III. 158.Bharat Stage I-IV emission norms are emissions standards that focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles and other powered vehicles. 159.India emits the fifth most carbon of any country in the world. 160.“The Bhopal gas tragedy is one of the world’s worst industrial disasters that killed almost 8,000 people in December 1984”.




161.The atmosphere contains a thin layer of ozone about 24 to 40 km above earth’s surface which protects life from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. 162.The release of chemicals such as CFC widely used in refrigerators has damaged the ozone layers. 163.Rise in global temperature, will also result in the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers. 164.Acid rain was first discovered in 1852. 165.“For the protection of ozone layer, Montreal Protocol and Vienna meet of 30 nations worldwide agreed to reduce the usage of CFC’s. 166.NCEF – National Clean Energy Fund for cleaning of River Ganga. 167.International trade is sub divided into two types – Bilateral and Multilateral trade. 168.APEC – Asian Pacific Economic Community. ASEAN – Association of South East Asian Nations. SAPTA – South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement. 169.The difference between the values of export and import is called Balance of trade. 170.If the value of export in a country is higher than the value of import, then the trade in that country will be called as favorable balance of trade. Eg: Japan. 171.If the value of import in a country is higher than the value of export then the trade in that country will be called as unfavorable balance of trade. Eg: India. 172.A dense and efficient network of transport is essential to promote social cohesion and to accelerate economic prosperity. 173.Means of Transport Land – Roadways, Railways, and pipelines. Water – Inland waterways and ocean routes. Air – Domestic and International Airways. 174.Road network in India is the second longest in the world accounting for 3.314 million km. 175.Village Roads link different villages with towns. 176.District Roads links the towns with the district headquarters. 177.State Highways links the state capitals with the different district headquarters. 178.National Highways links the state capitals with national capital.

179.NH47 is a National Highway which connects Tamil Nadu and Kerala. 180.The shortest National Highway is NH 47A.It runs from Ernakulam to Kochi port covering a distance of 5.9 km. 181.The longest National Highway NH 7, it runs from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu covering the distance of 2369 km. 182.“Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways “ is a major road development project launched by the Government of India. 183.Six lanes super highways running to a length of 5,846 km connecting the four metropolitan cities [Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata]. 184.North-South corridor linking Srinagar-Kanyakumari. East-West corridor connecting Silchar – Porbander [7,300 km length]. 185.The main objective of the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways is providing ‘Connectivity’, ‘Speed’, and ‘Safety’. 186.NHAI – National Highway Authority of India. 187.The agreement for the construction of roads is based on the concept of Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT). 188.Expressways are the technologically improved high class roads in the Indian Road Network. 189.Border Road Organisation has constructed the world’s highest road connecting Manali (H. P) to Leh (Kashmir) at an altitude of 4270 mts. 190.International Highways are the roads that link India with neighboring countries for promoting harmonious relationship with them. 191.Railways brings people together from the farthest corner of the country and promotes trade, tourism, education and national integration. 192.The First train steamed off from Mumbai to Thane in 1853, covering a distance of 34 km. 193.Bhopal Shatabdi is the fastest train in India and runs at a speed of 150 km/hr between Bhopal Junction and New Delhi. 194.Indian Railway is the fifth largest in the world and the second largest in Asia (USA, Russia, Canada and China). 195.In 1951, the systems were nationalized as one unit – “The Indian Railways”.




196.The Indian Railways is divided into 17 zones. 197.MRTS – Mass Rapid Transit system is an elevated line of the suburban railway in Chennai. 198.MRTS currently runs from Chennai Beach to Velachery, covering 17 stations for a distance of 25 km. 199.In 2015, Metro Rail transport introduced in Chennai from Koyambedu to Alandur. 200.Railways help in bulk movement of goods at large. 201.Railways help in the commercialization of the agriculture sector by facilitating quick movement of perishable items like milk, vegetables, fruits etc. 202.Railways help in developing a unified national market, equalization of prices and also in the growth of internal and foreign trade. 203.Railways help in controlling famines by quick movement of essential commodities. 204.Railways play a greater role in administration and in national integration. 205.Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. 206.Waterways is a fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of transport. 207.India has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form of rivers, canals and backwaters. 208.The “Waterways Authority” of India has identified five National Waterways. 1. Allahabad – Haldia stretch of Ganga. 2. Saidiya – Dhubri stretch of the Brahmaputra. 3. Kollam – Kottapuram stretch of the west coast Canal, Champakara canal and Udyogmandal canal. 4. Bhadrachalam – Rajahmundry and Wazirabad Vijayawada stretch of the Krishna Godavari river system along with Kakinad Puducherry canal network. 5. Mangalgadi – Paradeep and Talcher –Dhamara stretch of the Mahanadi, Brahmani river along with the east coast canal. 209.India has a long coastline of 7516km with 13 major and 187 medium and minor ports located along the coast.

210.Ports handle 95% of the country’s foreign trade. 211.The major ports are managed and controlled by ‘Port Trust’ under the Government of India. 212.The medium and minor ports are controlled by State Governments. 213.The major ports along the west coast are Kandla, Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru, Marmagao, New Mangalore and Cochin. 214.The major ports along the East Coast are Tuticorin, Chennai, Ennore, Vishakapatnam, paradip, Haldia and Kolkata. 215.India has 4 major ship building yards. 1.Hindustan shipyard-Vishakapatnam. 2.Garden reach workshop at Kolkata. 3.Mazagaon Dock at Mumbai. 4.Kochi Shipyard at Kochi. 216.Indian ports Act 1908 and Major Port Trust Act 1963 have been made flexible to allow private investment in ports . 217.The air transport in india made its beginning in 1911 but the real initiation was made in 1932 by JRD. 218.TATA when he started the Tata airline. 219.1946 it was renamed as Air India and in 1953 air transport was nationalized. 220.Indian airlines was set up to cater the the needs of domestic market while Air india was set up to takecare of the international sector. 221.Indian Airline & Air India enjoyed monopoly over Indian skies until 1986 later, due to liberalization policy many privately owned airlines joined the air transport system. 222.In 2007 the government of india merged the air india & Indian airlines under National Aviation Corporation of India Limited (NACIL). 223.NACIL (A) – provides international services. 224.NACIL (I) – Provides domestic services. 225.NACIL operates 159 airbuses and Boeing Aircrafts. 226.Apart from NACIL there are private operators namely Jet Airways, Spice Jet, Inter Globe Aviation (INDIGO).

விைகி நிற்பவன் வவல்லுவதில்டை.... வவல்ை நிடைப்பவன் விைகுவதில்டை....




227.Airport Authority of india (AAI) was constituted in 1995 and it has instituted international standards of safety to Indian airports. 228.AAI = maintains and operates 129 airports, 17 international airports. 229.Pawan-Hans Helicopter Ltd is a public sector company. 230.Pawan-Hans Helicopter Ltd engaged in providing helicopter services to ONGC for its offshore operation. 231.Communication helps in promoting cultural unity. 232.Means of Communication

Personal Mass

Postal Services Radio

Telegrams Television

Telephone News Paper

Mobile Phones, Fax Internet

233.Personal communication refers to exchanging of information

between two persons.

234.The implementation of Indian Postal Act 1837 our postal service

has become the largest in the world.

235.The mails are classified into two types

1. First class mail – Post cards, inland letters, envelopes.

2. Second class mail – Book packets, registered news paper &

Periodicals.

236.VVP – Value Payable Post.

237.India has the largest postal network in the world with 1,55,618

post offices.

238.Telegram is a form of written communication by which messages

can be sent quickly to distance places.

239.Telephone is a form of oral communication.

240.STD – Subscriber’s Trunk Dialling.

241.ISD – Internation Subscriber Dialling.

242.Mobile phones are an integral part of lives today.

243.SMS – Short Message Services.

244.Fax is an Electronic Device that enables instant transmission of

any mater, which maybe handwritten or printed like letters,

diagrams, graphs and sketches by using telephone lines.

245.Internet fax is a form for sending documents using internet with

the help of fax machine.

246.Mass communication enables millions of people to get the

information at the same time.

247.Radio Broadcast in india was started in 1927.

248.In 1936 it was named as All India Radio (AIR) and from 1957 it

came to be called as Akashvani.

249.Television in india is known as Doordarshan and it is one of the

largest terrestrial networks in the world.

250.Newspapers are a most common but powerful means of

communication which provides information about national and

international events to the people.

251.In democratic country like India they serve has a very effective

tool for knowing public views and opinions (Newspapers).

252.Internet is a fast network of computers.

253.Internet was first started as a purely text based system to send

and receive message (e-mail).

254.Now internet is fully a multi media based system with capacity

to deliver picture images, video & audio.

255.Geography is the study of the earth focusing on its surface, the

atmosphere, oceans, plants, animals & people.

256.Most people think that geography is a study of maps.

257.GPS is a space based global navigation satellite system that

provide reliable location and time information in all weather

and at all times.

258.GPS was created and realized by the US.

முடியும் என்ற எz;zத்தை முைலில் தை,

அைதை தைொடர்ந்து தைற்றியும் ைன்ைொல் ைரும்,




259.DOD – Department of Defense and was originally run with

24 satellite.

260.GPS established in 1973.

261.GPS consists of 3 parts 1. Space Segment 2. Control Segment 3.

User Segment.

262.The space segment is composed of 24 to 34 satellite in medium

earth orbit and also includes the boosters require to launch

them into orbit.

263.GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the

Signals Sent by GPS satellites high above earth.

264.However, even a very small clock error multiplied by the very

large speed of light the speed at which satellite signals

propagate results in a large positional error.

265.DRR – Disaster Risk Reduction.

256.The approach to disaster preparedness has shifted from need

based approach to rights and community based approaches

257.The international day for disaster reduction is celebrated on 13th

of October every year.

258.The day encourages every citizen and government to take part in

building more resilient communities and nations.

259.UNISDR – United Nations International Strategy for Disaster

Reeducation.

260.UNDP – United Nations Development Program.

1.Military alliances at present there are many pacts like NATO,

SEATO, CENTO, Baghdad and warsaw.

2.Leader of African national congress – Dr. Nelson Mandela.

3.Dr.Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years later he became

the president of the Republic of south Africa in 1994.

4.The Delhi Lahore bus service was launched on March 16.1999 to

bring the people of the two countries closer ( india & Pakistan).

5.China became republic in 1949, india was the first country to

recognize it.

6.Srilanka is a Buddhist country.

7.It is due to the effort and support of Smt. Indira Gandhi the then

Prime Minister of india bangladesh got freedom from

Pakistan in 1971.

8.In 1972 a 25 years treaty of friendship, co-operation and peace

was signed in DACCA in by india and Bangladesh.

9.In 1956 Nazar the president of Egypt nationalized Suez Canal.

10.France, Britain and Israel opposed it and tried to capture Egypt.

11.The south African country Congo civil war broke out in 1960.

12.India restored peace in Congo by sending peace keeping force

under the brigadier K.A.S.Raja.

13.Cyprus - during the civil war in Cyprus between Orthodox

Christians and turkish muslims UNO sent its peace keeping

force under Timmaia the Indian commander of chief.

14.The term democracy was first used by Herodutus nearly

2500 years ago.

15.Classification of parties

1. Single Party System – Eg. China & Cuba.

2. Two party or Bi-Party system – Eg. USA ( The Republican

party and The Democratic Party ), England ( The Labour

Party and the Conservative Party).

3. Multi party System – Eg. France and India.

16.MP’s – Member of Parliament.

17.MLA – Member of the legislative Assembly.

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“rhjidahsh;”; Mfpd;wdh;.

- $$ - Department of Social Science - $$ -

CIVICS




18.The election commission is also known as Nirvachan Sadan.

19.The election commissioners are appointed by the

President of india.

20.The election commissioners hold office for a term of Six years.

21.Christians – Christmas & New Year Day.

Muslims – Milady Nabi & Ramzan.

Jains – Mahavir Jayanthi.

Sikhs – Guru Nanak Jayanthi.

22.Consumer court – (3 types)

a. Natinal level - National Consumer Commission (Delhi)

Apex court under Act.

b. State Level - State Consumer Commission.

c. District Level - District Forum.

23.BIS – Bureau of Indian Standards and Agmark.

23.ISO – International Organization for Standardization

located in Geneva.

24.ISO is a Non Governmental Organization (NGO) established

in 1947.

25.For setting international food standards there is similar body

called Codex Alimentations commission (CAC).

26.CAC was created in 1963 by the FAO, WHO located in Rome, Italy

27.National consumer Day Dec.24.

28.Father of Consumer Ralph Nadar.

* Difficulties in the calculation of national income.

1.Black Money – black money is nothing but unaccounted money.

2.Non- Monetization – in most of the rural economy considerable

portion of transaction occurs informally and they are called non

monetized economy.

3.Double Counting – Double counting is difficulty associated in the

calculation of national income.

4.Unscientific and Unreliable data – the data collected in the

agriculture sector is unreliable and the estimate are

unscientific too.

5.Household services – the national income analysis ignores

domestic work house keeping and social services.

6.Social services – it ignores volunteer and unpaid social services.

7.Sectors 2009

Sectors Percentage

Primary Sectors 15.8%

Secondary Sectors 25.8%

Tertiary Sectors 58.4%

8. Bengal – Calicos .

Benares - Silk .

Tamilnadu – Handlooms .

Kashmir – Shawls.

Ludhiana – Woolen products.

9.Recently the planning commission has been renamed as

NITI Aayog.

10.Planning commission activities are coordinated by a full time

vice chairman.

11.National development council formed to ensure the cooperation of

states in the implementation of five year plans, chief ministers of

the states are its members.

12.The bhoodhan movement – millions of acres of land were received

from the landlords and distributed to the landless poor.

13.Public sectors unites refer to industries run by government.

Eg.NLC, BSNL.

14.Private sector unites refer to industries run by private. Ashok

Leyland, TVS.

15.Multi National Company (MNC) – Nokia, ford, Hyundai.

ECONOMICS




16.The first Atomic Power Station in trombay was started in the year

1956 at present 17 atomic power stations in India.

17.India is one of the six nations in the world capable of launching

satellites.

18.The first Satellite Aryabhatta was launched in 1975.

19.The last 40 years 50 satellites were launched.

20.An Indian mission to moon - chandrayan 1 was launched in

2008 ( discover presence of water).

21.MOM – The Mars Orbiter Mission also called MANGALYAN is a

spacecraft orbiting Mars since 24sep.2014.

22.The least expensive spacecraft – Mangalyan.

23.India has the 10th largest telecom network in the world.

24.There are 933 million cellular subscriber in the country.

25.Information technology – use of computers and software to

manage information.

26.IT centers – Bangalore, Hyderabad & Chennai.

27. Highest Literacy rate - Kerala - 93.9%.

Lowest Literacy rate - Bihar - 63.8%.

Tamilnadu Literacy rate - 80.3%.

28.Education has been made free and compulsory upto the age of 14

under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education

Act of 2009.

29.Because of the quality enhancement programs through the

agencies of District Primary Education Programme and Sarva

Sikhsha Abhiyan[SSA], enrolment has been enhanced.

30.The secondary education covers children of 14-18 years which

covers 88.5 million children.

31.Significant feature of india’s secondary school system – inclusion

of vocational stream at the higher secondary level.

32.New feature – the implementation of Rashtriya Madhyamik

Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA).

33.India’s higher education system is the 3rd largest in the world

(1.China & 2.US).

34.UGC – University Grants Commission - the main governing body

at the tertiary level.

35.The emphasis in the tertiary level education lies on science and

Technology.

36.IIT - Indian Institute of Technology.

37.IIM – Indian Institute of Management.

38.Tamilnadu stands 3rd among the Indian states in the achievement

of socio economic development.

39.The primary education in tamilnadu had a remarkable expansion

during the periods of Thiru.K.Kamaraj.

40.Secondary education serves a bridge between primary and

higher education.

41.There are 30 district institute of education and training to

produce efficient teachers.

42.Tamilnadu is one of the most advanced states in the country in

the field of higher education.

43.At present , the higher education rate 11.72% to 25% by 2020.

44.Agriculture has been the major source of livelihoodfor the people

of tamilnadu.

45.The major industries in tamilnadu – Cement, Textiles, Petro

Chemicals, Sugar and Information Technology.

வவற்ைியயா ய ால்வியயா எதுவாயினும் கடனைனய வசய்யவாம் !

யார் பாராட்டிைாலும் பாராட்டாவிட்டாலும் கவனல யவண்டாம் !

நைது ிைனையும், யநர்னையும் வவளியாகும் யபாது பனகவனும் நம்னை ை ிக்கத் வ ாடங்குவான்.

- $$ - Department of Social Science - $$ -

BHARATHIYAR MATRICULATION SCHOOL Near Railway Station, Attur Tk, Salem Dt.636102.

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