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BHT-ALL-SPM

NOTICE

The instructions set forth in this manual, as supplemented or modified by Alert Service Bulletins (ASB) orother directions issued by Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. and Airworthiness Directives (AD) issued by theapplicable regulatory agencies, shall be strictly followed.

STANDARD PRACTICES MANUALFOR ALL BELL HELICOPTER COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

REISSUE 23 MAY 2000REVISION 4 17 JUNE 2011

COPYRIGHT NOTICECOPYRIGHT 2011BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON INC.AND BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRONCANADA LTD.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

BHT-ALL-SPM

PN Rev. 3 19 JAN 2011

Additional copies of this publication may be obtained by contacting:Commercial Publication Distribution Center

Bell Helicopter Textron Inc.P. O. Box 482

Fort Worth, Texas 76101-0482

PROPRIETARY RIGHTS NOTICE

These data are proprietary to Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Disclosure,reproduction, or use of these data for any purpose other than helicopteroperation or maintenance is forbidden without prior written authorization fromBell Helicopter Textron Inc.

DESTINATION CONTROL STATEMENT

These commodities, technology, or software were exported from the UnitedStates in accordance with the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).Diversion contrary to U.S. law prohibited. The data contained in this manual areclassified as ECCN EAR99.

BHT-ALL-SPM

17 JUN 2011 Rev. 4 Warning

WARNINGTHIS MANUAL APPLIES ONLY TO HELICOPTERS AND COMPONENTSMAINTAINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON(BELL) APPROVED PROCEDURES USING BELL APPROVED PARTS.

ALL INSPECTION, REPAIR AND OVERHAUL PROCEDURES PUBLISHEDBY BELL, INCLUDING PART RETIREMENT LIFE, ARE BASED SOLELY ONTHE USE OF BELL PARTS THAT HAVE BEEN MAINTAINED USING BELLAPPROVED DATA. THE DATA PUBLISHED HEREIN OR OTHERWISESUPPLIED BY BELL IS NOT APPLICABLE TO NON-BELL PARTS ORPARTS THAT HAVE BEEN REPAIRED USING DATA AND/OR PROCESSESNOT APPROVED BY BELL.

BELL IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY PART OTHER THAN THOSE THATIT HAS APPROVED.

BEFORE PERFORMING ANY PROCEDURE CONTAINED IN THIS MANUALYOU MUST INSPECT THE AFFECTED PARTS AND RECORDS FOREVIDENCE OF ANY MANUFACTURE, REPAIR, REWORK OR USE OF APROCESS NOT APPROVED BY BELL.

IF YOU IDENTIFY OR SUSPECT THE USE OF PARTS NOT AUTHORIZEDBY BELL, EITHER REMOVE THE AFFECTED ITEM FROM THE AIRCRAFTOR OBTAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESS FROMTHE MANUFACTURER OR THE ORGANIZATION THAT APPROVED THEREPAIR.

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CSS Rev. 4 17 JUN 2011

CUSTOMER SUPPORT AND SERVICES

Flying smart means that no matter where you are, or what time it is, you can make a calland get additional information, clarification, or advice on a technical or operational issueconcerning your helicopter or information contained in our Technical Publications.Product Support Engineering (PSE) is just a phone call away and may be contacted asfollows:

For additional information on Customer Support and Services as well as Product SupportEngineering (PSE) and your local Customer Service Representative (CSR) network,please access http://www.bellhelicopter.com/support.

Model 206 or 407Phone: 450-437-2862 or 800-243-6407 (U.S./Canada)Fax: 450-433-0272E-mail: [email protected]

Model 222, 230, 427, 429, or 430Phone: 450-437-2077 or 800-463-3036 (U.S./Canada)Fax: 450-433-0272E-mail: [email protected]

Model 204, 205, 212, or 412Phone: 450-437-6201 or 800-363-8028 (U.S./Canada)Fax: 450-433-0272E-mail: [email protected]

Model 214, 210, HUEY II and All Bells Active and Surplus Military Medium Helicopter ModelsPhone: 817-280-3548Fax: 817-280-2635E-mail: [email protected]

Model OH-58, TH-67, TH-57, Both Active and Surplus MilitaryPhone: 817-280-3548Fax: 817-280-2635E-mail: [email protected]

BHT-ALL-SPM

LOG OF REVISIONS

Insert latest revision pages and dispose of superseded ones.

On a revised page, the text and/or illustration affected by the latest revision is shown by a vertical line. A revisedpage with only a vertical line next to the page number indicates that text has shifted or that non-technicalcorrection(s) were made on that page.

Page No. Rev No. Page No. Rev No. Page No. Rev No.

LOG OF PAGES

Original ........ 0 ...........01 MAR 90Reissue........ 0 ............08 SEP 92Reissue........ 0 ............03 FEB 95Reissue........ 0 ........... 10 OCT 96

Reissue ....... 0............20 AUG 99Reissue ....... 0............23 MAY 00Revision ...... 1............ 30 JUN 04Revision ...... 2............ 16 FEB 07

Revision .......3 ............ 19 JAN 11Revision .......4 ............17 JUN 11

Cover .........................................4Title ............................................4PN ..............................................3Warning......................................4CSS............................................4A B ..........................................4Help............................................4Customer Feedback...................4Helicopter Sales Notice..............4Warranty.....................................4i/ii................................................1Index 1 Index 4 (Deleted)........3Index 5/Index 6 (Deleted)...........3

Chapter 11/2 ..............................................13/4 ..............................................1

Chapter 21 28 .........................................229/30 ..........................................2

Chapter 31 2 ...........................................23 10 .........................................011 ...............................................312 ...............................................412A/12B .....................................213 14 .......................................215 20 .......................................0

Chapter 41/2 ..............................................03 30 .........................................0

Chapter 51/2.............................................. 23................................................. 24 5........................................... 36................................................. 27/8.............................................. 2

Chapter 61................................................. 32................................................. 23 9........................................... 310 22....................................... 223/24.......................................... 2

Chapter 71/2.............................................. 03 10......................................... 011/12.......................................... 0

Chapter 81 2........................................... 43 16......................................... 216A 16B.................................. 417 44....................................... 245 48....................................... 449 50....................................... 251/52.......................................... 2

Chapter 91 3........................................... 24................................................. 35 14......................................... 215 19....................................... 420 35....................................... 236............................................... 4

37 38 .......................................239 ...............................................340 50 .......................................451 57 .......................................258 ...............................................359 ...............................................260 ...............................................461 62 .......................................263 ...............................................364 ...............................................465 66 ........................................267 ...............................................468 ...............................................269 ...............................................470 ...............................................371 72 .......................................473 92 .......................................393 118 .....................................2119 136 ...................................3137/138 ......................................4

Chapter 101 .................................................32 3 ...........................................24 .................................................35 .................................................26 16 .........................................317 ...............................................218 20 .......................................321 22 .......................................2

Chapter 111/2 ..............................................23 8 ...........................................2

17 JUN 2011 Rev. 4 A

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Chapter 131/2 ............................................. 33/4 ............................................. 35 128 ...................................... 3

B Rev. 4 17 JUN 2011

H ELP

E VALUATE

L OGISTICS

P UBLICATIONS

Have you found something wrong with this manual an error, an inconsistency, unclear instructions, etc.? Although we strive for accuracy and clarity, we may make errors on occasion. If we do and you discover it, we would appreciate your telling us about it so that we can change whatever is incorrect or unclear. Please be as specific as possible.

Your complaint or suggestion will be acknowledged and we will tell you what we intend to do.

You may use the enclosed Customer Feedback form, as appl icable, to inform us where we have erred.

Your assistance is sincerely appreciated.

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HELICOPTER SALES NOTICE

Please complete this form and return by mail, e-mail ([email protected]), orfax (817-280-6466, Attention: CPDC). This will ensure that the new owners/operators receiveupdates to their Bell Helicopter Textron Technical Manuals and Bulletins.

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BUSINESS REPLY MAILFIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 1744 FORT WORTH, TEXAS

BHT-ALL-SPM

17 JUN 2011 Rev. 4 Warranty

SPARE PARTS WARRANTYONE YEAR/1,000 HOURS PRORATED

WARRANTY AND REMEDY: Seller warrants each new helicopter part or helicopter part reconditioned by seller to be free from defectin material and workmanship under normal use and service and if installed on Bell model helicopters. Sellers sole obligation under thiswarranty is limited to replacement or repair of parts which are determined to Sellers reasonable satisfaction to have been defectivewith 1,000 hours of operation or one (1) year after installation, whichever occurs first and reimbursement of reasonable freight charges.After 200 hours of use, there will be a prorated charge to the Purchaser for replacement parts (prorating the hours of total use againstthe then applicable part life or 2,000 hours, whichever is the lesser). Defective parts must be reported in writing to the Sellers WarrantyAdministration within 90 days of being found defective. Replacement of parts may be with either new or reconditioned parts, at Sellerselection. Warranty adjustment is contingent upon the Purchaser complying with the Warranty Remedies as described in theCommercial Warranty Information brochure and the Sellers Warranty Administration disposition instructions for defective parts. Failureto comply with all of the terms of this paragraph may, at Sellers sole option, void this warranty.

NOTE: Parts, components and assemblies of all new helicopters may have been restored or reworked due to mars, blemishes, dentsor other irregularities during the manufacturing process. Such restoration and/or rework is permitted under Sellers approvedmanufacturing and engineering processes and guidelines. The restoration and/or rework so completed does not render such itemsdefective in material or workmanship.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN AND ACCEPTED IN PLACE OF (i) ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANT ABILITY ANDFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND (ii) ANY OBLIGATION, LIABILITY, RIGHT, CLAIM OR REMEDY IN CONTRACTORIN TORT (DELICT), INCLUDING PRODUCT LIABILITIES BASED UPON STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR IMPLIEDWARRANTY IN LAW.

This warranty is the only warranty made by Seller. The Purchasers sole remedy for a breach of this warranty or any defect in a part isthe repair or replacement of helicopter parts and reimbursement of reasonable freight charges as provided herein. Seller excludesliability, whether as a result of a breach of contract or warranty, negligence or strict product liability, for incidental or consequentialdamages, including without limitation, damage to the helicopter or other property, costs and expenses resulting from required changesor modifications to helicopter components and assemblies, changes in retirement lives and overhaul periods, local customs fees andtaxes, and costs or expenses for commercial losses or lost profits due to loss of use or grounding of helicopters or otherwise.

Seller makes no warranty and disclaims all liability in contract or in tort (delict), including, without limitation, negligence and strict tort(delictual) liability, with respect to work performed by third parties at Purchasers request and with respect to engines, engineaccessories, batteries, radios, and avionics, except Seller assigns each manufacturers warranty to Purchaser to the extent suchmanufacturers warranty exists and is assignable.

This warranty shall not apply to any helicopter part which has been repaired or altered outside Sellers factory in any way so as, inSellers judgment, to affect its stability, safety or reliability, or which has been subject to misuse, negligence or accident, or which hasbeen installed in any aircraft which has been destroyed unless that helicopter has been rebuilt by Bell. A list of destroyed aircraft isobtainable from Bell Product Support. Repairs and alterations which use or incorporate parts and components other than genuine Bellparts or parts approved by Bell for direct acquisition from sources other than Bell itself are not warranted by Bell, and this warranty shallbe void to the extent that such repairs and alterations, in Sellers sole judgment, affect the stability, safety or reliability of the helicopteror any part thereof, or damage genuine Bell or Bell-approved parts. No person, corporation or organization, including Bell CustomerService Facilities, is authorized by Seller to assume for it any other liability in connection with the sale of its helicopters and parts.

NO STATEMENT, WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL, MADE BY ANY PERSON, CORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION, INCLUDINGBELL CUSTOMER SERVICE FACILITIES MAY BE TAKEN AS A WARRANTY NOR WILL IT BIND SELLER.

Seller makes no warranty and disclaims all liability with respect to components or parts damaged by, or worn due to, corrosion. Sellermakes no warranty and disclaims all liability for consumables (wear items) which are defined as items required for normal and routinemaintenance or replaced at scheduled intervals shorter than the warranty period. Consumables include but are not limited to engineand hydraulic oil, oil filters, packings and o-rings, anti-corrosion and/or sealing compounds, brush plating material, nuts, bolts, washers,screws, fluids, compounds, and standard aircraft hardware that is readily available to aircraft operators from sources other than Seller.

All legal actions based upon claims or disputes pertaining to or involving this warranty including, but not limited to, Sellers denial of anyclaim or portion thereof under this warranty, must be filed in the courts of general jurisdiction of Tarrant County, Texas or in the UnitedStates District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Ft. Worth Division located in Ft. Worth, Tarrant County, Texas. In the event thatPurchaser files such an action in either of the court systems identified above, and a final judgment in Sellers favor is rendered by suchcourt, then Purchaser shall indemnify Seller for all costs, expenses and attorneys fees incurred by Seller in defense of such claims. Inthe event Purchaser files such a legal action in a court other than those specified, and Seller successfully obtains dismissal of thataction or transfer thereof to the above described court systems, then Purchaser shall indemnify Seller for all costs, expenses andattorneys fees incurred by Seller in obtaining such dismissal or transfer.

January 2007

BHT-ALL-SPM

CONTENTS

CHAPTER SUBJECT

Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1Torque.................................................................................................................................. 2Corrosion Control and Protective Coverings/Coatings ........................................................ 3Painting ................................................................................................................................ 4Cleaning............................................................................................................................... 5Nondestructive Inspection.................................................................................................... 6Bonding................................................................................................................................ 7Miscellaneous Practices ...................................................................................................... 8Bearings, Sleeves, and Bushings ........................................................................................ 9Storage ................................................................................................................................ 10Use of Solvents.................................................................................................................... 11Nickel-Cadmium Aircraft Storage Battery ............................................................................ 12Consumable Materials ......................................................................................................... 13

NOTE:The contents of Chapter 12 have been deleted. Please refer to the Bell HelicopterElectrical Standard Practices Manual (BHT-ELEC-SPM) for information onNickel-Cadmium Aircraft Batteries.

30 JUN 2004 Rev. 1 i/ii

1

1

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Paragraph Chapter PageNumber Title Number Number

CONTENTS MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

1-1 Introduction....................................................................... 1-00-00 31-2 Consumable Materials ...................................................... 1-00-00 3

1-00-0030 JUN 2004 Rev. 1 Page 1/2

BHT-ALL-SPM

INTRODUCTION

1-1. INTRODUCTION

This manual contains maintenance information andprocedures that are common to all Bell Helicoptermodels. Typical information includes standard torquecharts and application procedures, corrosion control,painting, cleaning, nondestructive inspection, bonding,miscellaneous practices, bearing, sleeve and bushinginspection and replacement, storage, use of solvents,and consumable materials.

WARNING

ALL REPAIR AND OVERHAULPROCEDURES LIVES PUBLISHED BYBELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON,INCLUDING COMPONENT RETIREMENTLIFE, ARE BASED SOLELY ON THE USEOF BELL APPROVED PARTS ANDPROCESSES. IF PARTS ORPROCESSES DEVELOPED ORAPPROVED BY PARTIES OTHER THANBELL HELICOPTER ARE USED, THENTHE DATA PUBLISHED OR OTHERWISESUPPLIED BY BELL HELICOPTER ARENOT APPLICABLE. THE USER ISWARNED TO NOT RELY ON BELLHELICOPTER DATA FOR PARTS ANDPROCESSES NOT APPROVED BY BELLHELICOPTER. ALL APPLICABLEINSPECTIONS AND REPAIR METHODSMUST BE OBTAINED FROM THESUPPLIER OF THE PARTS ORPROCESSES NOT APPROVED BY BELLHELICOPTER. BELL HELICOPTER IS

NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR PARTS ORPROCESSES OTHER THAN THOSEWHICH IT HAS ITSELF DEVELOPED ORAPPROVED.

1-2. CONSUMABLE MATERIALS

NOTE

Handling, storage and safety precautionsfor consumable materials shall be inaccordance with the consumable materialmanufacturers instructions unlessotherwise specified in this manual.

A list of consumable materials is contained in Chapter13. This comprehensive listing provides a description,specification and suggested source. Within thismanual, consumable items are referred to within themaintenance tasks by "C" number. When a task statesto use solvent (C-304), refer to Chapter 13 and finditem C- 304 for type of solvent to use.

CAUTION

METRIC EQUIVALENTS TO U.S .STANDARD WEIGHTS AND MEASURESARE PROVIDED THROUGHOUT THISMANUAL. WHILE PERFORMINGMEASUREMENTS TO DETERMINE THESERVICEABILITY OF A COMPONENT ORTO ESTABLISH A SPECIF IEDDIMENSION, ONLY THE U.S. STANDARDVALUES SHALL BE USED.

1-00-0030 JUN 2004 Rev. 1 Page 3/4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph Chapter/Section Page Number Title Number Number

CHAPTER 2 TORQUE

TORQUE

2-1 Torque Values................................................................................ 2-00-00 32-2 Standard Torque Use of....................................................... 2-00-00 32-3 Deleted ..................................................................................... 2-00-00 52-4 Deleted ..................................................................................... 2-00-00 52-5 Self-locking Nuts....................................................................... 2-00-00 52-6 Recommended Grip Length Control Requirements for

Threaded Fasteners ................................................................. 2-00-00 52-7 Bolts and Screws Grip Length .................................................. 2-00-00 52-8 Plain Washer Substitution Requirements ................................. 2-00-00 62-9 Selection and Use of Torque Wrench....................................... 2-00-00 62-10 Miscellaneous Torquing Information......................................... 2-00-00 8

FIGURES

Figure Page Number Title Number

2-1 Torque Wrench Concentric Type Attachments ................................................... 272-2 Torque Wrench Nonconcentric Type Attachments ............................................. 282-3 Affect of Applied Force to Rigid Frame and Audible Indicating Torque

Wrenches Using Nonconcentric Attachments..................................................... 29

TABLES

Table Page Number Title Number

2-1 Standard Torque for MS17825 and MS17826 Nuts on 125 KSI MinimumUltimate Tensile Fasteners ................................................................................. 9

2-2 Standard Torque for Specified Nuts on 125 KSI Minimum UltimateTensile Fasteners ............................................................................................... 10




2-6 Standard Torque for Steel and CRES Nuts on

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TABLES (CONT)


2-10 Recommended Installation Torque for Flareless Fitting Nuts ............................. 232-11 Recommended Installation Torque for Dynamic Beam Seal Nuts...................... 252-12 Recommended Pin and Nut Torque Values ....................................................... 26

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2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 3

TORQUE

2-1. TORQUE VALUES

CAUTION

ALL TORQUE VALUES APPLY TO DRYTHREADS. DO NOT USE THREADLUBRICANT OR ANT I -SEIZECOMPOUND UNLESS SPECIFICALLYCALLED FOR IN THE APPLICABLEMAINTENANCE PUBLICATION. DRYFILM LUBRICANT MATERIALS APPLIEDTO THE NUTS BY THE NUTMANUFACTURER SHALL NOT BEREMOVED.

1. Definition.

a. STANDARD TORQUE. A general torquerequirement that is applied when a Specified Torque isnot identified in the applicable maintenancepublication. Standard Torque values are listed inTable 2-1 through Table 2-7. Unless otherwisespecified, Standard Torque requires the addition ofTare Torque.

NOTE

When torques are specified in theapplicable maintenance publication, theytake preference over Standard Torquevalues given in Table 2-1 through Table 2-7.

b. SPECIFIED TORQUE. A specific torqueidentified in the applicable maintenance publication fora particular fastener. Unless otherwise specified,Specified Torque requires the addition of Tare Torque.

c. TARE TORQUE. Torque required to overcomeresistance of self-locking nuts against mating bolt,screw, or stud threads. Tare torque must be measuredusing the same fastener combination that the torquewill be applied to. Tare Torque is unique to thatfastener combination. It is not acceptable to measureTare Torque for one fastener combination and applythis Tare Torque value to all similar fasteners. Thepreferred method for measuring Tare Torque is to usea dial (indicator) type torque wrench, but may bemeasured by approaching the value with a click styletorque wrench. The value must be measured after allthreads are engaged and then compared to the

Minimum Tare Torque Value (paragraph 2-2). Ifmeasured Tare Torque value is less than the minimumlisted, the lock nut must be replaced.

d. ASSEMBLY TORQUE. The total torque valueapplied to a fastener (preferably the nut in a nut/boltcombination). Assembly Torque is the StandardTorque or Specified Torque, plus the Tare Torque. It isunique to that fastener combination. An adjacentfastener combination utilizing the same hardware mayrequire a different Assembly Torque value. Variationsin wear, stress, and finish will impact tare values offasteners of the same size and type.

NOTE

Recommended Installation Torque forThreaded Studs is given in Table 2-8.

Recommended Installation Torque forFlared Fitting Nuts is given in Table 2-9.

Recommended Installation Torque forFlareless Fitting Nuts is given in Table 2-10.

Recommended Installation Torque forDynamic Beam Seal Nuts is given inTable 2-11.

Recommended Pin and Nut Torque Valuesare given in Table 2-12.

e. INSTALLATION TORQUE. Unless otherwisestated in the applicable maintenance document,Installation Torque is the actual torque measuredwhen installing the threaded fastener.

f. SHEAR LOAD. A dynamic force causing twoparts in contact to move in a direction parallel to theirpoint of contact.

g. TENSION LOAD. A static force applied 90 tothe plane of rotation of contiguous parts.

2-2. STANDARD TORQUE USE OF

CAUTION

DO NOT EXCEED THE MAXIMUMALLOWABLE TORQUE VALUE.OVERSTRESSING OF THE BOLT OR

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NUT MAY RESULT. IF THERE ISCONCERN THAT FASTENERS HAVEBEEN OVER-TORQUED, THEFASTENERS ARE TO BE REMOVED ANDREPLACED. IN ADDIT ION, THEASSEMBLY OR COMPONENT BEINGASSEMBLED IS TO BE INSPECTED FORDAMAGE THAT MAY HAVE BEENCAUSED FROM THE OVER-TORQUE.

1. The Standard Torque Charts (Table 2-1 throughTable 2-7) list the Standard Torque for variouscombinations of bolts and nuts. The torque valueslisted do not include the Tare Torque (friction drag) ofthe self-locking feature.

CAUTION

RECOMMENDED STANDARD TORQUERANGES ARE GIVEN IN TABLE 2-1THROUGH TABLE 2-7. TARE TORQUESHALL BE ADDED TO STANDARDTORQUE VALUE LISTED, UNLESSOTHERWISE STATED.

2. Standard Torque value charts usage.

a. To locate the correct Standard Torque for abolt and nut, the following must be known:

(1) Type of bolt used (AN, MS, NAS, etc.).

(2) Type of nut used (AN, etc.).

(3) Thread size of bolt (10-32, 1/4-28,5/16-24, 3/8-24, etc.).

b. When all three of the above values are known,refer to Table 2-1 through Table 2-7, as applicable.

(1) With reference to Table 2-1 throughTable 2-7, locate the specific table that carries theprimary bolt part number (designation) and the partnumber of the nut. Locate thread size and read acrossto obtain Standard Torque values.

CAUTION

TARE TORQUE MUST BE MEASUREDON THE SAME FASTENER

COMBINATION THAT THE TORQUEWILL BE APPLIED TO USING A DIALINDICATOR TYPE TORQUE WRENCH.MEASURE TARE TORQUE OF SELFLOCKING NUT TO BE INSTALLEDAFTER ALL THREADS ARE ENGAGED.COMPARE VALUE TO MINIMUM TARETORQUE VALUE LISTED BELOW. IFMEASURED TARE TORQUE IS LESSTHAN MINIMUM LISTED, REPLACE SELFLOCKING FASTENER.

c. Measure Tare torque of self-locking nut to beinstalled using dial indicator type torque wrench.Minimum allowable Tare Torque value of self-lockingbolts and nuts is as follows:

d. Calculate Assembly Torque by addingStandard Torque to the measured Tare Torque.

MINIMUM TARE TORQUE VALUE

THREAD SIZE MINIMUM TARE TORQUE (INCH-POUNDS)

10-32 2.0 (0.23 Nm)

1/4-28 3.5 (0.40 Nm)

5/16-24 6.5 (0.73 Nm)

3/8-24 9.5 (1.07 Nm)

7/16-20 14.0 (1.58 Nm)

1/2-20 18.0 (2.03 Nm)

9/16-18 24.0 (2.71 Nm)

5/8-18 32.0 (3.62 Nm)

3/4-16 50.0 (5.65 Nm)

7/8-14 70.0 (7.91 Nm)

1-12 90.0 (10.17 Nm)

1-1/18-12 117.0 (13.22 Nm)

1-1/4-14 143.0 (16.16 Nm)

1-3/8-12 170.0 (19.21 Nm)

1-1/2-12 197.0 (22.26 Nm)

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2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 5

NOTE

When the Specified Torque is provided inthe applicable maintenance publication,Assembly Torque is calculated by addingSpecified Torque to the measured TareTorque.

Example:

Type of bolt: MS9088.

Type of nut: MS14145.

Thread size of bolt: 0.2500-28.

Recommended shear load Standard Torquerange: 30 to 40 inch-pounds.

Measured Tare Torque of nut: 3.6inch-pounds.

Assembly Torque equals 35 inch-pounds + 3.6inch-pounds = 38.6 inch-pounds.

2-3. DELETED

2-4. DELETED

2-5. SELF-LOCKING NUTS

For self-locking hardware (nuts, nut plates, inserts,etc.), the total Assembly Torque is the measured TareTorque plus the Standard Torque or Specified Torque.In all cases, sufficient torque shall be applied toengage the locking element and seat the fastener.

2-6. RECOMMENDED GRIP LENGTHCONTROL REQUIREMENTS FORTHREADED FASTENERS

CAUTION

UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED INTHE APPLICABLE MAINTENANCEPUBLICATION, THE INFORMATIONCONTAINED IN PARAGRAPH 2 -6 ,PARAGRAPH 2-7, AND PARAGRAPH 2-8SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE ASSEMBLYOR INSTALLATION OF DRIVE SYSTEMCOMPONENTS. THE DRIVE SYSTEMINCLUDES ALL SHAFTS, COUPLINGS,GEARBOXES, AND BEARING HANGERS

USED IN THE TRANSMISSION OFENGINE POWER TO THE MAIN ANDTAIL ROTORS OR TO ANY REMOTE ORTO ANY REMOTE MOUNTEDACCESSORY. DRIVE SYSTEMCOMPONENTS ARE IDENTIFIED WITH APART NUMBER WHICH HAS THESECOND SET OF THREE D IG ITS(UNIVERSAL CODE) OF: -040-, -044-,-140-, -340-, -342-, -344-, -540-, -620-,-640-, -644-, AND -645-.

1. Because of variations due to tolerance buildup instructure and fasteners, the adjustment of bolt andscrew grip length is necessary where grip orientedstandard bolts and screws are used. This adjustmentshall be accomplished by changing the grip length ofthe bolt or screw and/or by use of standard (flat)washers in accordance with the requirements ofparagraph 2-7 and paragraph 2-8. When theattachment hardware is changed from the originalinstallation, a clearance check must be performed toensure an improper clearance or foul condition doesnot exist.

2-7. BOLTS AND SCREWS GRIP LENGTH

NOTE

Grip length changes for reasons other thanspecified below are not permitted. Thefollowing is not applicable to studs or fullythreaded fasteners used in threaded holes.

1. For standard bolts and screws, grip lengthsspecified in the applicable maintenance or partspublication may be changed one grip length only(longer or shorter) for the following reasons only:

a. To preclude threads from being in the bearingarea: The shanks of structural fasteners shall be suchthat no threads are in the bearing area where thesheet or fitting next to the nut is 0.093 inch (2.3622mm) or less in thickness. Where the sheet or fittingnext to the nut is greater than 0.093 inch (2.3622 mm),a maximum of one and one half threads, includingthread run out, is permitted in the bearing area,provided that these threads do not exceed 25% of thethickness of the section having threads in the bearingarea.

b. To prevent nuts from bottoming out on the boltor screw shank: Nut threads, which engage the firstincomplete thread next to the bolt shank of a griporiented fastener, are considered to be bottomed outand are not acceptable.

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2-00-00Page 6 Rev. 2 16 FEB 2007

NOTE

The following does not apply where threadprotrusions cannot be seen. Examplesinclude: bolts or screws used with inserts,plate nuts, or barrel nuts; however, full nutthread engagement is required.

c. To prevent inadequate thread engagement:Unless otherwise stated in the maintenancepublication, all threads of the nut shall be engagedand, as a minimum, the full round or chamfer plus onethread pitch on the bolt or screw shall protrude beyondthe nut. Flat ended bolts or screws shall protrude aminimum of two thread pitches beyond the nut.

d. To prevent bolts or screws from bottoming outin blind threaded holes.

2. The provisions of the above do not apply to studs,fully threaded bolts, nor do they apply to bolts orscrews used in conjunction with inserts, nut plates, orbarrel nuts where thread protrusion cannot be seen.

2-8. PLAIN WASHER SUBSTITUTIONREQUIREMENTS

CAUTION

DO NOT SUBSTITUTE WASHERS OFDIFFERENT PART NUMBERS. THEADDITION OR SUBSTITUTION OFPLAIN, FLAT WASHERS TO JOINTSWHERE PARTICULAR WASHERS,I .E . , CHAMFERED, CONCAVE,COUNTERBORED, DISSIMILAR METAL,KEYED, OR LOCK ARE SPECIFIED, ISNOT PERMITTED.

1. Additional plain, flat washers (thick or thin) of thesame part number as those specified in the applicablemaintenance or parts publication may be used whenrequired for proper nut or cotter pin installation or toallow Assembly Torque to be attained. Not more thana total of three washers will be used: two under the nutfor grip adjustment and one under the bolt or screwhead for surface protection, unless otherwise specifiedby the applicable maintenance publications.

2. If the applicable maintenance publication doesnot specify the location of the washers, they shall beplaced under the bolt or screw head or under the nut,

whichever is being rotated during tightening, exceptwhere one washer, under the bolt or screw head isrequired for material protection.

2-9. SELECTION AND USE OF TORQUEWRENCH

WARNING

DO NOT EXCEED THE MAXIMUMALLOWABLE TORQUE VALUE.OVERSTRESSING OF THE BOLT ORNUT MAY RESULT. IF THERE ISCONCERN THAT THE FASTENERSHAVE BEEN OVER-TORQUED, THEFASTENERS ARE TO BE REMOVED ANDREPLACED. IN ADDIT ION, THEASSEMBLY OR COMPONENT BEINGASSEMBLED IS TO BE INSPECTED FORDAMAGE THAT MAY HAVE BEENCAUSED FROM THE OVER-TORQUE.

1. Selecting Torque Wrench:

a. The accuracy of most torque wrenches tendsto decrease at the extremes of the torque range. Thetorque value being measured should be between the30 and 80% points of the torque wrench range. Forexample, a 0-100 inch-pound torque wrench should beused to apply a torque of 30-80 inch-pounds.

b. The graduation increments of the torquewrench should not be greater than 10 percent of thetorque value being measured.

c. The torque wrench should be calibrated in thesame torque units as the specified torque for thefastener.

d. The selected torque wrench should be withinthe calibration period specified by the torque wrenchmanufacturer or applicable local regulations.

2. Force Application on Torque Wrench Grip: Asmooth steady force must be applied to obtain anaccurate torque value. Rapid or jerky force can resultin error in the torque applied.

NOTE

Ensure to add bolt shank friction duringstep 3.

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2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 7

3. Tightening Fastener on the Head End: When afastener is tightened from the head end, some of thetorque applied is absorbed in turning the bolt in thehole. The amount of torque absorbed will vary. For thisreason, bolt shank friction shall also be measured andadded to torque value.

a. If the fastener can be inserted through thehole and started into the nut by the fingers, use theSpecified Torque range or Standard Torque range.

b. If the fastener is inserted through a hole thatincreases the tightening resistance, torque to the highlimit of the torque range.

c. If the fastener is inserted into a threaded holeand if the hole thread length is more than the fastenerdiameter, use the provided torque range. If the holethread length is less than the fastener diameter, usethe lower limit of the torque range.

NOTE

Do not use the torque wrench to loosenfasteners.

4. Tightening New Fastener: Tighten the fastener tothe Standard or Specified Torque value, as defined inparagraph 2-1. Loosen the fastener by backing offone-half turn. Retighten to desired Assembly Torquevalue. This aids in cleaning and smoothing the threadsand results in more accurate torque.

5. Cotter Pin or Lockwire Hole Alignment: Whentightening nuts which are secured by cotter pins orlockwire, stop the torque load just above the minimumAssembly Torque value. If required, additionaltightening to the next hole alignment may beaccomplished, provided the maximum AssemblyTorque value is not exceeded.

6. Re-Torque: When a retorque is specified in theapplicable maintenance publication or it is uncertain ifa joint has been properly torqued, back off the fasterone or two turns, then tighten to the required torque,as follows:

NOTE

Do not use torque wrench to loosenfasteners.

a. Remove all torque from the fastener(loosening) until no preload is on the fastener.

b. Measure the tare torque (paragraph 2-2).

c. Determine the Specified Torque or StandardTorque, as applicable, and add the measured TareTorque to determine the Assembly Torque.

d. Torque the fastener to this Assembly Torquevalue.

e. If the fastener is one in a multi-fastenerpattern requiring a torque sequence, then all thefasteners will require re-torque.

7. Fastener Thread Condition: Threads should beclean and free from nicks, burrs, paint, grease, and oilto obtain the correct torque. However, there are someapplications specified in maintenance publicationswhere lubrication or anti-seize compound is used onthe threads. (Refer to OSN GEN-02-34.)

NOTE

Do not loosen fasteners during a TorqueCheck.

8. Torque Check: When a Torque Check is calledout in the applicable maintenance publication, itshould be accomplished by torquing in the tighteningdirection. Do not loosen the fastener(s). The valueapplied should be one of the following:

a. If the Assembly Torque is known from whenthe fastener was originally installed (i.e., recorded in alogbook), then this is the Assembly Torque for TorqueCheck purposes.

b. If the original Assembly Torque was notrecorded, then the Assembly Torque for Torque Checkpurposes would be the minimum Specified Torque orminimum Standard Torque, as applicable, plus theminimum acceptable Tare Torque (paragraph 2-2).

c. If during the application of the AssemblyTorque as detailed above, no motion is detectedbetween the fasteners, then the joint is consideredacceptable.

d. Joints which are having a Torque Checkperformed as a part of a Special Inspection, asrequired after a specified number of flight hours, onlyneed to be tightened. Looseness may occur until thecomponents seat themselves and the fastenerssimply need to be tightened. This is not cause fordisassembly; however, the fastener(s) will have to be

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Torque Checked again at the same scheduled intervalset for the first Torque Check until the assembly iscompletely seated. If a specific torque sequence is tobe followed, as initially torqued, then this samesequence should be followed during the TorqueCheck. Some fasteners in the sequence may acceptadditional torque while others may not; this isacceptable.

e. Joints that have not retained torque willrequire disassembly and inspection. If the fastener(s)move, the assembly shall be rechecked for damage,corrosion, improper assembly, etc.; if no problem isfound, the fastener(s) may be retorqued to theAssembly Torque value. In this case, the fastener(s)would have to be Torque Checked again at the samescheduled interval set for the first Torque Check.

NOTE

Do not use the torque wrench to back offfasteners.

9. Torque Verification: Checking fastenersaccurately to determine if they have been tightened tothe required Assembly Torque is not possible. Whenthere is doubt as to whether a fastener has beentightened to the correct torque value, the fastenershould be backed off from one-half to one full turn andretightened to the correct torque value.

10. Tightening Chilled or Heated Fastener: Do nottighten a chilled or heated fastener until it has returnedto room temperature. Heated fastener may loosenwhen it cools. Chilled fastener may becomeoverstressed when it warms.

11. Tightening Fastener on Part with a SlowPermanent Set: Hold desired torque until part isseated.

NOTE

Do not use the torque wrench to backofffasteners.

12. Tightening Fasteners in a Series: If fasteners areto be torqued in a series, select a median torque valuewithin the required Assembly Torque range. If somefasteners are tightened to the minimum value andothers to the maximum, force is not distributed evenly.Unequal distribution of force may cause fastenerfailure. Do not apply final Assembly Torque during thefirst drawdown. After the median torque value is

applied, loosen fasteners one at a time and apply finaltorque. Tightening in a diametrically opposite(staggered) sequence is desirable in most cases.

13. Tightening Fasteners with ConcentricAttachment: The use of a concentric attachment whichoperates concentrically with the torque wrench drivesquare presents no particular problem. The torquevalue applied is the torque value indicated. Refer toFigure 2-1.

14. Tightening Fastener with NonconcentricAttachment: The use of a nonconcentric attachmentwhich does not operate concentrically with the drivesquare presents a mathematical problem. This type ofattachment affects the lever length. The torque valueapplied is not the torque value indicated. It isnecessary to calculate the effect of the lever length todetermine the correct indicated torque value. Refer toFigure 2-2.

15. Force Application when Using NonconcentricAttachment:

a. The point of force applied on a flexiblebeam-type torque wrench pivoted grip will not affectthe calculated torque applied to the fastener.

b. The point of force applied on rigid frame andaudible indicating torque wrench grips will affect thecalculated torque applied to the fastener. See Figure2-3 for proper and improper application of force andtheir effect.

2-10. MISCELLANEOUS TORQUINGINFORMATION

1. The recommended torque range for worm gearclamps on oil, fuel, or coolant hose is 20 to 30inch-pounds (2.26 to 3.39 Nm).

2. The recommended torque range for .1900-32thread size bolts or screws mounting loop clamps is 12to 15 inch-pounds (1.36 to 1.69 Nm).

3. The final installation torque for all non-metallicfitting nuts can be achieved by tightening the nut pastthe point of sharp torque rise, plus the following:

For pipe threads: 1/4 turn (90)

For screw threads: 1/6 turn (60) (one hex flat)

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2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 9

Table 2-1. Standard Torque for MS17825 and MS17826 Nuts on 125 KSI Minimum Ultimate Tensile Fasteners

THREAD SIZE

TORQUE RANGE

SHEAR TENSION

INCH-POUNDS (Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

INCH-POUNDS (Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

0.1900-32 (10-32)

7-12 (0.8-1.4) 12-15 (1.4-1.7)

0.2500-28 25-35 (2.8-4.0) 30-40 (3.4-4.5)

0.3125-24 50-70 (5.6-7.9) 60-85 (6.8-9.6)

0.3750-24 70-90 (7.9-10.2) 95-110 (10.7-12.4)

0.4375-20 110-150 (12.4-16.9) 270-300 (30.5-33.9)

0.5000-20 150-200 (16.9-22.6) 24-34 (32.5-46.1)

0.5625-18 200-300 (22.6-33.9) 40-50 (54.2-67.8)

0.6250-18 300-420 (33.9-47.5) 55-65 (74.6-88.1)

0.7500-16 45-62 (61.0-84.1) 108-125 (146.4-169.5)

0.8750-14 79-96 (107.1-130.2) 125-150 (169.5-203.4)

1.0000-12 125-150 (169.5-203.4) 183-275 (248.1-372.9)

1.1250-12 208-292 (282.0-395.9) 250-350 (339.0-474.5)

1.2500-12 292-375 (395.9-508.4) 450-500 (610.1-677.9)

NUTS MS17826 MS17825

125 KSI BOLTS & SCREWS

AN3 thru 20AN21 thru 37AN42 thru 49AN173 thru 186

AN502AN503AN525MS9088 thru 94

MS20073 thru 81MS21091MS24694MS27039

NAS428NAS1297

NOTES:

1. It is recommended that paragraph 2-1 through paragraph 2-10 be read and understood prior to tighteningany threaded fasteners.

2. The Standard Torque values shown apply to any combination of bolt and nut shown unless otherwisespecified. They are recommended for dry, coated or plated, unlubricated threads and are in addition to theactual locking torque (Tare Torque) value of each self-locking nut.

3. To determine the Total Assembly Torque, add the Standard Torque from table to the Actual MeasuredLocking Torque (Tare Torque) of the nut.Total Assembly Torque = Standard Torque (from table) + Measured Locking Torque (Tare Torque) ofnut.

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2-00-00Page 10 Rev. 2 16 FEB 2007

Table 2-2. Standard Torque for Specified Nuts on 125 KSI Minimum Ultimate Tensile Fasteners

THREAD SIZE

TORQUE RANGE

SHEAR TENSION

INCH-POUNDS (Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

INCH-POUNDS (Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

0.1640-32 (8-32)

7-9 (0.8-1.0) 12-15 (1.4-1.7)

0.1900-32 (10-32)

12-15 (1.4-1.7) 20-25 (2.3-2.8)

0.2500-28 30-40 (3.4-4.5) 50-70 (5.6-7.9)

0.3125-24 60-85 (6.8-9.6) 100-140 (11.3-15.8)

0.3750-24 95-110 (10.7-12.4) 160-190 (18.1-21.5)

0.4375-20 270-300 (30.5-33.9) 37-42 (50.2-56.9)

0.5000-20 24-34 (32.5-46.1) 40-58 (54.2-78.6)

0.5625-18 40-50 (54.2-67.8) 66-83 (89.5-112.5)

0.6250-18 55-65 (74.6-88.1) 91-108 (123.4-146.4)

0.7500-16 108-125 (146.4-169.5) 191-208 (259.0-282.0)

0.8750-14 125-150 (169.5-203.4) 208-250 (282.0-339.0)

1.0000-12 183-275 (248.1-372.9) 308-458 (417.6-621.0)

1.1250-12 250-350 (339.0-474.5) 416-583 (564.0-790.4)

1.2500-12 450-500 (610.1-677.9) 750-916 (1016.9-1241.9)

NUTS AN316AN320MS14145MS21025MS21083NAS1022

NAS1068NAS178980-02690-00290-00390-033

AN256AN310AN315MS14144MS20500MS21043MS21044MS21047 thru 49MS21051 thru 56MS21058 thru 62MS21069 thru 76MS21080MS21083MS21086MS21225NAS509

NAS679NAS1021NAS1023NAS1031NAS1033NAS1067NAS1473NAS1474NAS1766NAS1791NAS1792NAS1793NAS187090-09990-10090-105

125 KSI BOLTS & SCREWS

AN3 thru 20AN21 thru 37AN42 thru 49AN173 thru 186

AN502AN503AN525MS9088 thru 94

MS20033 thru 46MS20073 thru 81MS21091MS24694

MS27039NAS428NAS1003 thru 20NAS1297

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2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 11

NOTES:

1. It is recommended that paragraph 2-1 through paragraph 2-10 be read and understood prior to tightening anythreaded fasteners.

2. The Standard Torque values shown apply to any combination of bolt and nut shown unless otherwise specified.They are recommended for dry, coated or plated, unlubricated threads and are in addition to the actual lockingtorque (Tare Torque) value of each self-locking nut.

3. To determine the Total Assembly Torque, add the Standard Torque from table to the Actual MeasuredLocking Torque (Tare Torque) of the nut.Total Assembly Torque = Standard Torque (from table) + Measured Locking Torque (Tare Torque) of nut.

4. Fasteners listed in higher tensile categories (Table 2-2 through Table 2-5) may be used in conjunction withfasteners listed in lower tensile categories (Table 2-2 through Table 2-5). The lower category recommendedStandard Torque is to be used to calculate the Total Assembly Torque (Note 3), regardless of the bolt tensile ornut strength relationship.

Table 2-2. Standard Torque for Specified Nuts on 125 KSI Minimum Ultimate Tensile Fasteners (Cont)

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THREAD SIZE

TORQUE RANGE

SHEAR TENSION

INCH-POUNDS(Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

INCH-POUNDS(Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

0.0860-56 (2-56)

2-3 (0.2-0.3)

0.1120-40 (4-40)

4-5 (0.5-0.6)

0.1380-32 (6-32)

6-8 (0.7-0.9)

0.1640-32 (8-32)

12-16 (1.4-1.8)

0.1900-32 (10-32)

20-25 (2.3-2.8) 30-40 (3.4-4.5)

0.2500-28 50-70 (5.6-7.9) 75-95 (8.5-10.7)

0.3125-24 100-140 (11.3-15.8) 120-160 (13.6-18.1)

0.3750-24 160-190 (18.1-21.5) 25-28 (33.9-38.0)

0.4375-20 37-42 (50.2-56.9) 39-43 (52.9-58.3)

0.5000-20 40-58 (54.2-78.6) 53-71 (71.9-96.3)

0.5625-18 66-83 (89.5-112.5) 83-100 (112.5-135.6)

0.6250-18 91-108 (123.4-146.4) 116-133 (157.3-180.3)

0.7500-16 191-208 (259.0-282.0) 200-216 (271.2-292.9)

0.8750-14 208-250 (282.0-339.0) 333-375 (451.5-508.4)

1.0000-12 308-458 (417.6-621.0) 433-583 (587.1-790.4)

1.1250-12 416-583 (564.0-790.4) 691-858 (936.9-1163.3)

1.2500-12 750-916 (1016.9-1241.9)

1441-1608 (1953.7-2180.2)

NUTS 90-09990-100AN256AN310AN315MS14144MS20500MS21043MS21044MS21047 thru 49MS21051 thru 56MS21058 thru 62MS21069 thru 76MS21080MS21083

MS21086MS21225NAS509NAS679NAS1021NAS1031NAS1033NAS1067NAS1473NAS1474NAS1766NAS1791NAS1792NAS1793NAS1870

50-04890-099MS21042NAS577NAS1291NAS1770

NAS1771NAS1772NAS1773NAS1778NAS1805

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160 KSI BOLTS,

SCREWS & STUDS

20-05720-05820-09220-09920-10020-11320-11420-11620-12250-047120-142 120-184120-186120-212120-220120-225120-259120-261120-262120-264120-265

120-266120-267120-268120-269120-270120-271120-276120-278M87114/1M87114/2M87114/3MS16997 thru 98MS20004 thru 24MS27576NAS144 thru 158NAS333 thru 340NAS464NAS517NAS583 thru 590NAS623NAS673 thru 678

NAS1101NAS1102NAS1103 thru 20NAS1121 thru 28NAS1131 thru 38NAS1141 thru 48NAS1151 thru 58NAS1161 thru 68NAS1171 thru 78NAS1181 thru 88NAS1189NAS1190NAS1191NAS1202 thru 10NAS1218NAS1223 thru 35NAS1266 thru 70NAS1303 thru 20NAS1351 NAS1352 NAS1402 thru 06

NAS1580NAS1801NAS1802NAS6203 thru 20NAS6303 thru 20NAS6403 thru 20NAS6603 thru 20NAS6703 thru 20NAS6803 thru 20NAS7103 thru 16NAS7203 thru 16NAS7303 thru 16NAS7500 thru 16NAS8100 thru 06NAS8200 thru 06NAS8702 thru 16NAS8802 thru 16NAS9101 thru 06NAS9201 thru 06

NOTES:




4. Fasteners listed in higher tensile categories (Table 2-2 through Table 2-5) may be used in conjunction withfasteners listed in lower tensile categories (Table 2-2 through Table 2-5). The lower category recommendedStandard Torque is to be used to calculate the Total Assembly Torque (Note 3), regardless of the bolt tensileor nut strength relationship.

A-286 CRES and alloy steel only.

120-142 shall use the shear values, regardless of nut type.


6

5

5

5

6

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THREAD SIZE

TORQUE RANGE

SHEAR TENSION

INCH-POUNDS (Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

INCH-POUNDS (Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

0.1900-32 (10-32)

22-28 (2.5-3.2) 34-45 (3.8-5.1)

0.2500-28 56-79 (6.3-8.9) 84-107 (9.5-12.1)

0.3125-24 112-158 (12.7-17.9) 135-180 (15.3-20.3)

0.3750-24 180-214 (20.3-24.2) 28-32 (38.0-43.4)

0.4375-20 42-47 (56.9-63.7) 44-48 (59.7-65.1)

0.5000-20 45-54 (61.0-73.2) 60-80 (81.3-108.5)

0.5625-18 74-93 (100.3-126.1) 93-112 (126.1-151.9)

0.6250-18 102-122 (138.3-165.4) 130-150 (176.3-203.4)

0.7500-16 215-234 (291.5-317.3) 225-243 (305.1-329.5)

0.8750-14 234-281 (317.3-381.0) 375-422 (508.4-572.2)

1.0000-12 346-515 (469.1-698.2) 487-656 (660.3-889.4)

1.1250-12 468-656 (634.5-889.4) 777-965 (1053.5-1308.4)

1.2500-12 844-1030 (1144.3-1396.5)

1621-1809 (2197.8-2452.7)

NUTS MS21042NAS577

NAS1291 MS14156MS21133EB ( ) (ESNA)

LH 3830 (ESNA)48FLW (SPS)NAS1805

180 KSI BOLTS & STUDS

20-06520-06920-08720-09620-102

20-10420-10520-10920-118120-064

120-244MS14157MS21134MS21250NAS624 thru 644

NAS1972 thru 80NAS2803 thru 10

5

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NOTES:


2. The Standard Torque values shown apply to any combination of bolt and nut shown unless otherwise specified.They are recommended for dry, coated or plated, unlubricated threads and are in addition to the actual lockingtorque (Tare Torque) value of each self-locking nut.

3. To determine the Total Assembly Torque, add the Standard Torque from table to the Actual MeasuredLocking Torque (Tare Torque) of the nut.Total Assembly Torque = Standard Torque (from table) + Measured Locking Torque (Tare Torque) of nut.

4. Fasteners listed in higher tensile categories (Table 2-2 through Table 2-5) may be used in conjunction withfasteners listed in lower tensile categories (Table 2-2 through Table 2-5). The lower category recommendedStandard Torque is to be used to calculate the Total Assembly Torque (Note 3), regardless of the bolt tensile ornut strength relationship.

120-064 shall use the shear values, regardless of nut type.


5

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THREAD SIZE

TORQUE RANGE

SHEAR TENSION

INCH-POUNDS (Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

INCH-POUNDS (Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

0.1900-32 (10-32)

28-34 (3.2-3.8) 41-55 (4.6-6.2)

0.2500-28 69-96 (7.8-10.8) 103-131 (11.6-14.8)

0.3125-24 138-192 (15.6-21.7) 165-220 (18.6-24.9)

0.3750-24 220-261 (24.9-29.5) 34-38 (46.1-51.5)

0.4375-20 51-58 (69.1-78.6) 54-59 (73.2-80.0)

0.5000-20 55-80 (74.6-108.5) 73-98 (99.0-132.9)

0.5625-18 91-114 (123.4-154.6) 114-138 (154.6-187.1)

0.6250-18 125-148 (169.5-200.7) 160-183 (216.9-248.1)

0.7500-16 263-286 (356.6-387.8) 275-297 (372.9-402.7)

0.8750-14 286-344 (387.8-466.4) 458-516 (621.0-699.6)

1.0000-12 424-630(574.9-854.2)

595-802 (806.7-1087.4)

1.1250-12 572-802 (775.5-1087.4)

950-1180 (1288.0-1599.9)

1.2500-12 1031-1260 (1397.9-1708.3)

1981-2211 (2685.9-2997.7)

NUTS LH6520 (ESNA)90-101

NAS1805 MS14164 MS21084NAS1758FN22 M (SPS)

LH3393 (ESNA)LH6422T (ESNA)LHEB220 (ESNA)MS14182

220 KSI BOLTS

20-07120-08820-089

20-09720-09820-101

20-10620-112MS14163

MS21297MS14181

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2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 17

NOTES:

1. It is recommended that paragraph 2-1 through paragraph 2-10 be read and understood prior to tighteningany threaded fasteners.



4. Fasteners listed in higher tensile categories (Table 2-2 through Table 2-5) may be used in conjunction withfasteners listed in lower tensile categories (Table 2-2 through Table 2-5). The lower category recommendedStandard Torque is to be used to calculate the Total Assembly Torque (Note 3), regardless of the bolt tensileor nut strength relationship.


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Table 2-6. Standard Torque for Steel and CRES Nuts on

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.

Table 2-7. Standard Torque for Non-Structural Small Diameter Fasteners

THREAD SIZETORQUE RANGE

MINIMUM MAXIMUM

INCH-POUNDS(Nm)

INCH-POUNDS(Nm)

0860-56 (#2) 0.5 (0.1) 1 (0.1)

.1120-40 (#4) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2)

.1380-32 (#6) 2 (0.2) 6 (0.7)

.1640-32 (#8) 4 (0.5) 8 (0.9)

NOTES:


2. The Standard Torque values listed are recommended fastener torques for non-structural applications such asattachment of clips, trim, and flange mount connectors. They are applicable for aluminum, brass, CRES, andsteel fasteners in wet or dry installations. These torques will not induce significant preload in the fastener.Torques are the minimum needed to keep the fastener from becoming loose in the joint. These values shouldbe added to the Actual Measured Locking Torque of the nut.


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.

Table 2-8. Recommended Installation Torque for Threaded Studs

THREAD SIZE

TORQUE RANGE

NUT END STUD END TYPE A TYPE B

0.1900-32 (10-32) 0.1900-24 (10-24) 30-40 in-lb (3.4-4.5 Nm)

0.1900-32 (10-32) 0.2500-20 30-40 in-lb (3.4-4.5 Nm) 30-40 in-lb (3.4-4.5 Nm)

0.2500-28 0.2500-20 50-95 in-lb (5.6-10.7 Nm) 50-70 in-lb (5.6-7.9 Nm)

0.2500-28 0.3125-18 50-110 in-lb (5.6-12.4 Nm) 50-80 in-lb (5.6-9.0 Nm)

0.3125-24 0.3125-18 100-225 in-lb (11.3-25.4 Nm) 100-130 in-lb (11.3-14.7 Nm)

0.3125-24 0.3750-16 100-240 in-lb (11.3-27.1 Nm) 100-160 in-lb (11.3-18.1 Nm)

0.3750-24 0.3750-16 175-375 in-lb (19.8-42.4 Nm) 175-250 in-lb (19.8-28.2 Nm)

0.3750-24 0.4375-14 175-475 in-lb (19.8-53.7 Nm) 175-325 in-lb (19.8-36.7 Nm)

0.4375-20 0.4375-14 20-54 ft-lb (27.1-73.2 Nm) 250-400 in-lb (28.2-45.2 Nm)

0.4375-20 0.5000-13 20-60 ft-lb (27.1-81.3 Nm) 250-525 in-lb (28.2-59.3 Nm)

0.5000-20 0.5000-13 33-83 ft-lb (44.7-112.5 Nm) 33-58 ft-lb (44.7-78.6 Nm)

0.5000-20 0.5625-12 33-95 ft-lb (44.7-128.8 Nm) 33-70 ft-lb (44.7-94.9 Nm)

0.5625-18 0.5625-12 50-120 ft-lb (67.8-162.7 Nm) 41-87 ft-lb (55.6-118.0 Nm)

0.5625-18 0.6250-11 50-137 ft-lb (67.8-185.7 Nm) 50-95 ft-lb (67.8-128.8)

0.6250-18 0.6250-11 75-166 ft-lb (101.7-225.1 Nm) 58-116 ft-lb (78.6-157.3 Nm)

0.6250-18 0.6875-11 75-200 ft-lb (101.7-271.2 Nm) 75-141 ft-lb (101.7-191.2 Nm)

NOTES:


2. Installation torque shown in the table is the actual torque measured when installing the threaded studinto the parent material (i.e., gearbox case, etc.).

BHT-ALL-SPM

2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 21

NOTES (CONT):

3. Threaded stud

Type A: The grip portion of the stud is approximately the same diameter as the pitch diameter of the nut endthread.

Type B: The grip portion of the stud is less than the minor diameter of the nut end thread.

4. For nut Standard Torque, refer to Table 2-2, as applicable.

Table 2-8. Recommended Installation Torque for Threaded Studs (Cont)

BHT-ALL-SPM

2-00-00Page 22 Rev. 2 16 FEB 2007

Table 2-9. Recommended Installation Torque for Flared Fitting Nuts

TUBE SIZE

FLARED FITTING NUTS (AN818) HOSE END FITTINGS AND

HOSE ASSEMBLY

(MS28740 AND MS28759)

RIGID TUBE CONNECTOR

ALUMINUM TUBING FLARE (MS33583 OR

MS33584)

STEEL TUBING FLARE

(MS33584)

DASH NO.

STEEL TUBINGNAS 594 AND

596

ALUMINUM TUBING

NAS 591 AND 593

3/16 30-45 in-lb(3.4-5.1 Nm)

90-100 in-lb(10.2-11.3 Nm)

70-100 in-lb(7.9-11.3 Nm)

1/4 40-65 in-lb(4.5-7.3 Nm)

135-150 in-lb(15.3-16.9 Nm)

70-120 in-lb(7.9-13.6 Nm)

4 60-96 in-lb(6.8-10.8 Nm)

48-96 in-lb(5.4-10.8 Nm)

5/16 60-80 in-lb(6.8-9.0 Nm)

180-200 in-lb(20.3-22.6 Nm)

85-180 in-lb(9.6-20.3 Nm)

5 66-108 in-lb(7.5-12.2 Nm)

60-108 in-lb(6.8-12.2 Nm)

3/8 75-125 in-lb(8.5-14.1 Nm)

270-300 in-lb(30.5-33.9 Nm)

100-250 in-lb(11.3-28.2 Nm)

6 72-120 in-lb(8.1-13.6 Nm)

72-120 in-lb(8.1-13.6 Nm)

1/2 150-250 in-lb(16.9-28.2 Nm)

450-500 in-lb(50.8-56.5 Nm)

210-420 in-lb(23.7-47.5 Nm)

8 144-232 in-lb(16.3-26.2 Nm)

120-216 in-lb(13.6-24.4 Nm)

5/8 200-350 in-lb(22.6-39.5 Nm)

54-58 ft-lb(73.2-78.6 Nm)

300-480 in-lb(33.9-54.2 Nm)

10 204-360 in-lb(23.0-40.7 Nm)

144-360 in-lb(16.3-40.7 Nm)

3/4 300-500 in-lb(33.9-56.5 Nm)

75-83 ft-lb(101.7-112.5 Nm)

41-70 ft-lb(55.6-94.9 Nm)

12 300-540 in-lb(33.9-61.0 Nm)

216-540 in-lb(24.4-61.0 Nm)

1 41-58 ft-lb(55.6-78.6 Nm)

100-116 ft-lb(135.6-157.3 Nm)

58-95 ft-lb(78.6-128.8 Nm)

16 42-58 ft-lb(56.9-78.6 Nm)

480-696 in-lb(54.2-78.6 Nm)

1-1/4 50-75 ft-lb(67.8-101.7 Nm)

20 50 -75 ft-lb(67.8-101.7 Nm)

50-75 ft-lb(67.8-101.7 Nm)

1-1/2 50-75 ft-lb(67.8-101.7 Nm)

24 50-75 ft-lb(67.8-101.7 Nm)

50-75 ft-lb(67.8-101.7 Nm)

1-3/4 38 60-90 ft-lb(81.3-122.0 Nm)

62-90 ft-lb(84.1-122.0 Nm)

2 32 75-110 ft-lb(101.7-149.1 Nm)

75-100 ft-lb(101.7-135.6 Nm)

2-1/2 40 150-175 ft-lb(203.4-237.3 Nm)

110-150 ft-lb(149.1-203.4 Nm)

3 48 150-175 ft-lb(203.4-237.3 Nm)

4 64 200-225 ft-lb(271.2-305.1 Nm)

NOTES:

For flared nuts installed with conical seal washers (AS4824 or 110-144), apply the recommended installationtorque, wait 10 to 15 seconds, then again apply the same torque value to the nut. Refer to the applicableIllustrated Parts Breakdown (IPB) manual to make sure the washer installation is authorized on the fitting(Information Letter GEN-07-108).

2. See Table 2-10 for flareless fitting nuts.

1

1

BHT-ALL-SPM

2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 23

Table 2-10. Recommended Installation Torque for Flareless Fitting Nuts

INSTALLATION WRENCH TORQUE, FLARELESS FITTINGS, AS 21922 BITE TYPE SLEEVE

TUBE OD

TUBE WALL THICKNESS

ALUMINUM FITTING, ALUMINUM TUBE

STEEL FITTING, ANNEALED CRES

TUBE

STEEL OR TITANIUM FITTING, CRES 1/8

HARD TUBE

INCH-POUNDS(Nm)

INCH-POUNDS(Nm)

INCH-POUNDS(Nm)

.125 .012 55 (6.2)

.188 .016 100 (11.3)

.188 .020 100 (11.3)

.188 .028 80 (9.0)

.250 .020 140 (15.8) 140 (15.8)

.250 .028 110 (12.4) 140 (15.8)

.312 .020 190 (21.5) 190 (21.5)

.312 .028 140 (15.8) 190 (21.5)

.375 .028 170 (19.2) 270 (30.5)

.375 .035 270 (30.5)

.500 .028 280 (31.6)

.500 .035 360 (40.7) 500 (56.5)

.500 .042 500 (56.5)

.625 .028 360 (40.7)

.625 .035 415 (46.9)

.625 .042 700 (79.1)

.625 .058 700 (79.1)

.750 .028 450 (50.8)

.750 .049 450 (50.8)

.750 .058 900 (101.7)

.750 .065 900 (101.7)

1.000 .035 750 (84.7)

1.000 .049 800 (90.4)

1.000 .065 1200 (135.6) 1200 (135.6)

1.000 .083 1200 (135.6)

NOTE:

Please see next page for notes.

1 1 1

BHT-ALL-SPM

2-00-00Page 24 Rev. 2 16 FEB 2007

Table 2-10. Recommended Installation Torque for Flareless Fitting Nuts (Cont)

INSTALLATION WRENCH TORQUE, FLARELESS FITTINGS, NAS 1760 FITTING ENDS,

TUBE OD ALUMINUM FITTING STEEL AND TITANIUM FITTING

INCH-POUNDS(Nm)

INCH-POUNDS(Nm)

.125 --- 55 (6.2)

.188 80 (9.0) 100 (11.3)

.250 110 (12.4) 140 (15.8)

.312 140 (15.8) 190 (21.5)

.375 170 (19.2) 270 (30.5)

.500 280 (31.6) 500 (56.5)

.625 360 (40.7) 700 (79.1)

.750 450 (50.8) 900 (101.7)

1.000 750 (84.7) 1200 (135.6)

1.250 900 (101.7) 1600 (180.8)

1.500 900 (101.7) 2000 (226.0)

2.000 --- 2000 (226.0)

NOTES:

Torque values shown may be altered 5%.

2. Flareless Fitting Nuts:

a. Nut turn method: When standard open end wrenches are used for assembly, the final installation torquefor flareless tubing connections can be achieved by tightening the nut 1/6 to 1/3 turns (1 to 2 hex flats) past thepoint of sharp torque rise.

b. Torque method: When a torque wrench is used for assembly, the tightening torque for AS21922 bite typeand NAS1760 style sleeves shall be in accordance with table.

c. Leaking joints: After installation, if leakage is encountered at the fitting joint, loosen the coupling nut andremove the tube end from the fitting. Do not attempt to prevent the leakage by overtorquing. Instead, inspect theseal areas of the sleeve and mating fitting for scratches, nicks, dents, foreign material, etc. Reassemble the jointwith new parts, if necessary.

1 1

1

BHT-ALL-SPM

2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 25

Table 2-11. Recommended Installation Torque for Dynamic Beam Seal Nuts

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION TORQUE FOR DYNAMIC BEAM SEAL NUTS (OPERATING PRESSURES TO 3000 PSI TITANIUM, MATERIAL)

FITTING SIZE TORQUE RANGE COUPLING NUTSTORQUE MAXIMUM JAM

NUTS

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

-03 5-9 (6.8-12.2) 7 (9.5)

-04 10-14 (13.6-19.0) 12 (16.3)

-05 10-16 (13.6-21.7) 13 (17.6)

-06 15-25 (20.3-33.9) 20 (27.1)

-08 30-40 (40.7-54.2) 35 (47.5)

-10 41-55 (55.6-74.6) 48 (65.1)

-12 50-70 (67.8-94.9) 60 (81.3)

-16 70-94 (94.9-127.4) 82 (111.2)

-20 90-120 (122.0-162.7) 105 (142.4)

-24 110-150 (149.1-203.4) 130 (176.3)

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION TORQUE FOR DYNAMIC BEAM SEAL NUTS (OPERATING PRESSURES TO 5000 PSI TITANIUM, MATERIAL)

FITTING SIZE TORQUE RANGE COUPLING NUTSTORQUE MAXIMUM JAM

NUTS

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

FOOT-POUNDS(Nm)

-04 10-14 (13.6-19.0) 12 (16.3)

-06 15-25 (20.3-33.9) 20 (27.1)

-08 30-40 (40.7-54.2) 35 (47.5)

-10 60-70 (81.3-94.9) 48 (65.1)

-12 70-80 (94.9-108.5) 60 (81.3)

-16 135-155 (183.0-210.2) 82 (111.2)

BHT-ALL-SPM

2-00-00Page 26 Rev. 2 16 FEB 2007

Table 2-12. Recommended Pin and Nut Torque Values

SHEAR

PIN: 100-076, 100-085, 100-090

NUT: MS21042, H541L, NAS1291

THREAD SIZE RECOMMENDED TORQUE

INCH-POUNDS Nm

8-32 15-25 1.7-2.8

10-32 25-35 2.8-4.0

0.2500-28 60-80 6.8-9.0

.3125-24 130-160 14.7-18.1

.3750-24 200-240 22.6-27.1

.4375-20 270-330 30.5-37.3

.5000-20 370-430 41.8-48.6

NOTE:

1. The above values apply to any combination of pin and nut shown.

TENSION

PIN: 100-047, 100-048, 100-049, 100-059

NUT: MS21042, H541L, NAS1291

THREAD SIZE RECOMMENDED TORQUE

INCH-POUNDS Nm

8-32 30-40 3.4-4.5

10-32 40-50 4.5-5.6

0.2500-28 115-130 13.0-14.7

0.3125-24 200-250 22.6-28.2

0.3750-24 360-420 40.7-47.5

FOOT-POUNDS Nm

0.4375-20 44-56 59.7-75.9

0.5000-20 61-83 82.7-112.5

NOTE:

1. The above values apply to any combination of pin and nut shown.

BHT-ALL-SPM

2-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 27

Figure 2-1. Torque Wrench Concentric Type Attachments

90

90

ALL_SPM_02_0001

Applied and indicated torque values are the same.

NOTE

BHT-ALL-SPM

2-00-00Page 28 Rev. 2 16 FEB 2007

Figure 2-2. Torque Wrench Nonconcentric Type Attachments

FORMULA TO OBTAIN CORRECT INDICATED

TORQUE VALUE WHEN USING

NONCONCENTRIC ATTACHMENT

TW =(TA) X (L)

(L) (A)

TW = INDICATED TORQUE VALUE ON

TORQUE WRENCH

TA = ACTUAL TORQUE VALUE APPLIED

TO FASTENER

L = LEVEL LENGTH

A = ATTACHMENT LENGTH

FORMULA

TW =200 X 12

12 + 2= =

240014

171.4 IN-LBS (19.37 Nm)

200 IN-LBS

(22.60 Nm)

RESULTS: FASTENER TORQUED 200 IN-LBS

(22.60 Nm) WHEN WRENCH

INDICATES 171.4 IN-LBS (19.37 Nm)

EXAMPLE 1

TW = = =2400200 X 12

12 - 2 10240 IN-LBS (27.12 Nm)



INDICATES 240 IN-LBS (27.12 Nm)

EXAMPLE 2

TW = =200 X 1212 + 1.75

174.5 IN-LBS (19.72 Nm)=240013.75


(22.60 Nm) WHEN WRENCH INDICATES

174.5 IN-LBS (19.72 Nm)

EXAMPLE 3

200 IN-LBS

(22.60 Nm)

TA TW

L

2 IN.

(50.8 mm)

2 IN.

(50.8 mm)

12 IN.

(304.8 mm)

12 IN.

(304.8 mm)

A

A

L

TA

TW

200 IN-LBS

(22.60 Nm)

TA

TW

2 IN.

(50.8 mm)

A

1.75 IN.

(44.45 mm)

L

12 IN.

(304.8 mm)

ALL_SPM_02_0002

BHT-ALL-SPM

2-00-00

Figure 2-3. Affect of Applied Force to Rigid Frame and Audible Indicating Torque Wrenches Using Nonconcentric Attachments

IMPROPER

IMPROPER

FORMULA TO OBTAIN CORRECT INDICATED

TORQUE VALUE WHEN USING

NONCONCENTRIC ATTACHMENT

TW =(TA) X (L)

(L) (A)

TW = INDICATED TORQUE VALUE ON

TORQUE WRENCH

TA = ACTUAL TORQUE VALUE APPLIED

TO FASTENER

L = LEVEL LENGTH

A = ATTACHMENT LENGTH

FORMULA

ALL_SPM_02_0003

TW =200 X 12

12 + 2= =

240014

171.4 IN-LBS (19.37 Nm)




PROPER APPLICATION OF FORCE

EXAMPLE 1

200 IN-LBS

(22.60 Nm)

TA TW

L

12 IN.

(304.8 mm)A

4 IN.

(101.6 mm)

2 IN.

(50.8 mm)

TW =200 X (12 + 2)

(12 + 2) + 2= =

280016

175 IN-LBS (19.77 Nm)



INDICATES 175 IN-LBS (19.77 Nm)

IMPROPER CALCULATION AND

APPLICATION OF FORCE

EXAMPLE 2

200 IN-LBS

(22.60 Nm)

TA TW

L

12 IN. + 2 IN. = 14 IN.

(304.8 + 50.8 = 355.6mm)A

2 IN.

(50.8 mm)

TW =200 X (12 - 2)

(12 - 2) + 2= =

200012

166.6 IN-LBS (18.82 Nm)




IMPROPER CALCULATION AND

APPLICATION OF FORCE

EXAMPLE 3

200 IN-LBS

(22.60 Nm)

TA TW

L

12 IN. - 2 IN. = 10 IN.

(304.8 - 50.8 = 254 mm)

A

2 IN.

(50.8 mm)

16 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 29/30

BHT-ALL-SPM

3-00-0016 FEB 2007 Rev. 2 Page 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph Chapter/Section Page Number Title Number Number

CHAPTER 3 CORROSION CONTROL AND PROTECTIVE COVERINGS/COATINGS

3-1 General .......................................................................................... 3-00-00 33-2 Corrosion Prevention ..................................................................... 3-00-00 43-3 Corrosion Preventive Treatment............................................... 3-00-00 43-4 Corrosion Preventive Oil ........................................................... 3-00-00 43-5 Corrosion Protection Control Bolts, Rotating,

and Non-rotating ....................................................................... 3-00-00 43-6 Corrosion Corrective Treatment..................................................... 3-00-00 43-7 Corrosion Removal Steel Parts............................................ 3-00-00 53-8 Corrosion Removal Aluminum Parts .................................... 3-00-00 53-9 Corrosion Removal Magnesium Parts ................................. 3-00-00 53-10 Corrosion Removal Elastomeric Components ..................... 3-00-00 63-11 Corrosion Protection Faying Surfaces....................................... 3-00-00 63-12 Similar Metals ........................................................................... 3-00-00 83-13 Dissimilar Metals....................................................................... 3-00-00 83-14 Corrosion Protection Exceptions.......................................... 3-00-00 83-15 Chemical Film (Chromic Acid) Treatment Magnesium.............. 3-00-00 93-16 Aluminum Alloy Chemical Film Treatment (Touchup).......... 3-00-00 103-17 Cadmium Plating ...................................................................... 3-00-00 113-18 Chromate Conversion Coating ................................................. 3-00-00 123-19 Deleted........................................................................................... 3-00-00 123-20 Solid Film Lubricant .................................................................. 3-00-00 123-21 Black Oxide............................................................................... 3-00-00 133-22 Deleted ..................................................................................... 3-00-00 133-23 Copper Plating ............................................................................... 3-00-00 143-24 Plastic Media Blasting.................................................................... 3-00-00 153-25 Plastic Media Blasting Equipment Description..................... 3-00-00 163-26 Plastic Media Blasting Operator Training ................................. 3-00-00 173-27 Media Particles Method 1 ......................................................... 3-00-00 173-28 Media Particles Method 2 ......................................................... 3-00-00 173-29 PMB Procedure Requirement .............................................. 3-00-00 173-30 PMB Method 1 Procedures....................................................... 3-00-00 183-31 PMB Method 2 (Open Booth) Procedures ................................ 3-00-00 183-32 Preparation of the Helicopter for PMB ...................................... 3-00-00 193-33 PMB Mapping Procedure.......................................................... 3-00-00 193-34 Organic Coat Removal Procedure............................................ 3-00-00 193-35 PMB Clean-up Operation.......................................................... 3-00-00 20

BHT-ALL-SPM

3-00-00Page 2 Rev. 2 16 FEB 2007

TABLES


3-1 Definitions of Similar and Dissimilar Metals ........................................................ 73-2 Organic Protective Requirements for Metals ...................................................... 73-3 Solid Film Lubricants Heat Cure Applicability and Characteristics................. 133-4 Copper Plating Bath............................................................................................ 153-5 PMB Method 2 Parameters Description ......................................................... 18

BHT-ALL-SPM

3-00-00Page 3

CORROSION CONTROL AND PROTECTIVE COVERINGS/COATINGS

3-1. GENERAL

There are many various forms of corrosion whichattack metal and metallic materials causing early partfailure. Several types of corrosion most common inaircraft are listed below. Routine and preventivemaintenance and inspections are designed to helpprevent corrosion caused component failure.

1. Surface Corrosion. The direct surface attackform of corrosion is generally the least serious of thevarious forms of corrosion. It is the result of directreaction of metal surfaces with oxygen in air andoccurs more readily when metal surfaces are exposedto salt spray or salt-bearing air. Sulphur and chlorinecompounds which may be present in smoke stackgases and engine exhaust gases also cause directsurface attack. Etching may be noticed on the surfacewhen corrosion deposits are removed. If the metal isaluminum alloy with a coating of pure aluminum(ALCLAD), the affect on strength of ductility of metal isnegligible; however, corrosion of a similar degree onnon-clad metals may be considered serious. (Refer toapplicable Component Repair and Overhaul Manual).The pits may become sites for crack development inparts which are critical in fatigue.

2. Galvanic Corrosion. This is caused by dissimilarmetal contact in the presence of a liquid such as saltspray or condensate, forming a true chemical cell. Thiscauses electrons to flow and the most easily oxidizedsurface becomes the anode and corrodes. Theemitting surface becomes the cathode of the cell.

3. Pitting Attack. This is a special kind of galvanicreaction and is usually localized. It occurs at a point ofweakness and is caused by a lack of homogeneity inthe alloy surface. Pitting originates from mechanicalcontact, faulty heat treatment, or localizedcontamination that breaks down surface protection.These areas become anodic characteristics of the pitarea. A deep penetrating attack develops rather thangeneral surface attack.

4. Intergranular Corrosion. This is a selective typeof corrosion and attacks along the grain boundaries ofmetal alloys. Aluminum alloys which containappreciable amounts of copper and zinc and somestainless steels are vulnerable to intergranularcorrosion. Piano hinges are an example of aluminumextrusions which are vulnerable. Lack of uniformity in

the alloy structure caused by heat treating proceduresor localized overheating such as from fire damage,may result in intergranular corrosion. This corrosionmay exist without visible evidence on exterior surfacesand serious structural weakening may occur withoutdetection.

5. Exfoliation. This is a type of corrosion whichmost often occurs in aluminum parts made from plate,bar, tube and extrusions which have long, thin grains.Exfoliation corrosion is recognizable by the long, thinleafs of material which delaminate from the surface ofa part. This type of corrosion often appears as a blisteron the surface of a part. This is due to corrosionproducts between the grains forcing the grains apart,causing a bulge on the surface. Exfoliation corrosion isa form of intergranular corrosion.

6. Stress Corrosion. Stress affects metals that aretoo highly stressed under corrosive conditions. Shrinkfit parts and parts subjected to cold working conditionsare susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. Stressedmetal tends to become anodic when in contact withstress-free metal. Galvanic corrosion occurs along thelines of stress and rapid failure of the part results.

7. Fatigue Corrosion. This is closely related tostress corrosion and appears in metals under cyclicstress in a corrosive surrounding. A jet engine turbineblade is an example of a part subject to fatiguecorrosion. The corrosion causes sharp deep pitswhich, in turn, become the origin of cracks that mayultimately result in failure of the part. It is difficult todetect this type of attack in advance except ascracking develops.

8. Fretting Corrosion. This type corrosiondevelops when two heavily loaded surfaces contacteach other and are subject to slight vibratory motion.The rubbing contact removes small particles of virginmetal from each surface. These particles will usuallyoxidize to form abrasive materials. The attack iscompounded by the continued motion which preventsformation of any protective oxide film, creating a primearea for further corrosion to occur. Fretting is evidentat an early stage by surface discoloration and thepresence of corrosion particles in any lubricantpresent. Continued fretting will ruin bearing surfaces,destroy critical dimensions, and may be seriousenough to eventually cause cracking and fatiguefailure. Fretting may be controlled by preventing

BHT-ALL-SPM

3-00-00Page 4

slippage of the two surfaces or by lubricating thesurfaces.

9. Hygroscopic Material Corrosion. This iscaused by such materials as sponge rubber, felt, cork,etc., absorbing water and holding it in contact with thepart. As a result, surface or galvanic corrosion maydevelop.

3-2. CORROSION PREVENTION

3-3. CORROSION PREVENTIVE TREATMENT

MATERIALS REQUIRED

After parts are cleaned, control and precautionarymeasures shall be exercised at all times to preventcorrosion. Fingerprint residue, reactive with moisturein the air, will cause accelerated corrosion in theaffected areas. In order to avoid these difficulties, thefollowing procedures shall be applied to ferrous metalparts after cleaning and inspection.

1. Wash all ferrous parts in a clean rinse of solvent(C-304) then drain the parts.

2. Gently agitate parts in fingerprint removercorrosion preventive (C-105) and allow to drain.

NOTE

Normally, parts treated with the abovecompounds may be left covered in indoorstorage for approximately six days withoutbeing affected.

3. Immediately prior to reassembly, clean parts withsolvent (C-304) and coat with approved oil. Do nothandle or assemble unoiled parts.

3-4. CORROSION PREVENTIVE OIL

MATERIALS REQUIRED

Use preservative oil (C-125) as a general lightcorrosion preventive for bonded, exposed, and paintedmetals.

3-5. CORROSION PROTECTION CONTROLBOLTS, ROTATING, AND NON-ROTATING

MATERIALS REQUIRED

Prior to assembly, coat all rotating and non-rotatingcontrol bolt shanks with corrosion preventivecompound (C-104) unless otherwise specified. Afterassembly, coat boltheads and exposed threads withcorrosion preventive compound (C-101).

3-6. CORROSION CORRECTIVE TREAT-MENT

MATERIALS REQUIRED

Corrosion corrective treatment can be applied to allmetal parts of the assemblies in varying degrees(unless otherwise specified in the text). The followingmethod shall be applied to remove corrosion using the

Refer to chapter 13 for specification and source.

NUMBER NOMENCLATURE

C-105 Corrosion Preventive

C-304 Solvent


NUMBER NOMENCLATURE

C-125 Preservative Oil


NUMBER NOMENCLATURE

C-101 Corrosion Preventive Compound

C-104 Corrosion Preventive Compound


NUMBER NOMENCLATURE

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