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WELCOMETOPPT

RAPE SEED

BYBHUSHAN BHATKAR

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MUSTARDIn trade - Sarson, Toria and Taramira are known as rapeseed, and Rai as mustard.

•Brassica juncea L. (rai) was originally introduced from China into north-eastern India. From where it has extended into Afghanistan via the Punjab. Eastern Afghanistan, together with the adjoining north-western India is one of the independent centres of brown sarson (Brassica campestris var. brown sarson). Yellow sarson (B. campestris var. yellow sarson) is commonly grown in the eastern parts of India where it shows much diversity of forms. Taramira is a relatively recent introduction into India. It is believed to be a native of southern Europe and North Africa.

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Brassica species are cultivated for two purposes 1.Vegetable

2. OilThose extensively grown for oil

includeB. napus & B. juncea in China and

Japan.B. napus & B.praecox in Europe and

America.B.juncea & B.napus in Russia and

Mediterranean region.B.Campestris & B.junceia in India.

Brassica species are cultivated for two purposes 1.Vegetable

2. OilThose extensively grown for oil

includeB. napus & B. juncea in China and

Japan.B. napus & B.praecox in Europe and

America.B.juncea & B.napus in Russia and

Mediterranean region.B.Campestris & B.junceia in India.

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RAPE SEED (2n= 38)

B.NAME :- Brassica napus

SPECIES:- B. napus, B. juncea , B. rapa (collectively known as ‘CANOLA’) FAMILY :- Brassicaceae

INTRODUCTION:

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Origin:The different types of mustard- rapeseed have different places of origins as follows:Brown Sarson ---------- Eastern Afghanistan and adjoining parts of India and Pakistan.Yellow Sarson ----------- Eastern Part of India.Indian mustard or Rai -- Originated from China to India via North Eastern India and spread to Afghanistan via Punjab.Gobhi Sarson ----------- It is a native of Europe.Taramira ----------- Introduced in India though it is a native of southern Europe and North America

•Eastern Mediterranean and west Asian region.

•The rape seed plants grow all over world mainly India, U.S., Australia, Europe, china.

•The rapeseed was cultivated in Europe since 13th

century.

•Rape seed was originally grown in India of its edible oil.

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IMPORTANCE:-•It is rich source of unsaturated fatty acid and it is also use for animal feed after extracting oil.

•Now a days the oil of mustered-rape seed has becomes nutritionally better than other oilseeds specially after introduction of “CANOLA”.

•The canola refers to the rape seed having low erucic acid and glucosinolate.

•In India oil obtained from mustered-rape seed accounts for 2/3rd edible oil.

•The projected demand for oil seed in India by 2020 is around 34MT which met by mustered-rapeseed.•Besides, the utilities of oil obtained from mustard-rapeseed, the seeds,sprouts, leaves, tender plants are also useful to human health, when they are consumed as spices and vegetables.

•They contain selenium, magnesium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc

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“CANOLA” variety developed in CANADA only for oil seed production.

Higher yield

Identified as a short duration crop

Oil having less erucic acid hence it is a healthy cooking medium

Oil meal contains less than 30 micromoles glucosinolates per gram of defatted meal, hence used as highly demanded livestock feed

Contains around 42 per cent oil by weight and being high quality oil, it is used as top notch salad oil for it’s light colour and texture, and also used in baking industry as the baking with canola reduces the saturated fatty acid intake.

One of the largest traded oilseed in the world

At present PANJAB government promote the cultivation of hybrid rapeseed variety “HYOLA”

Characteristic of CANOLA

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VARIETIES:- Brown sarson, yellow sarson, TERI- uttam, pusa-gold, pusa-jai Kissan New released var.:- coral-432, DMH_1, Toria, karan rai

TERI-uttam the first double low variety in India with high oil content(>43%) is to tolerant to pod shattering and white rust.

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STATE TYPE VARIETY YIELD KG/HA

OIL%

HARYANA INDIAN MUSTERED

PUSA,AGRANI

1700 40

UP INDIAN MUSTERED

NARENDRALOHA-101ROHINIKRANTI

11501500-200022001500-1800

43454340

PUNJAB INDIAN MUSTERED

PBR-97PBR-91

19001600

4140

RAJSTHAN YELLOW SARSONINDIAN MUSTERED

TORIA

PUSA GOLDRH-30,PUSA JAIKISANT-9

18001600-2001600-200

1200-1500

453940

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VARIETY IN INDIA

Source- agmarknet.nic.in

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N kg/ha P kg/ha K kg/ha S kg/ha

AT SOWING 50 40 40 20

35 DAS 50 20

It grows best under cool climate .temperature ranges 15-20 degree C.

It needs sandy loam well fertile soil with high organic matter.

Pearlmillete –mustered system is recommended for irrigated areas.

Use of improved varieties , optimum dose of S , Zn, B considered effect on yield.

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

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NUTRITIONAL VALUE :water 88.2 gm

energy 155 kcal

protein 3.8 gm

fat 0.3 gm

carbohydrate 4.8 gm

ca 250 mg

p 81 mg

ascorbic acid 55 mg

The oil of brassica species made up of Erucic acid (25-55%) , oleic acid (8-33%) , linoleic acid (12-21%)

Rape seed oil contain Selenium, magnesium, calcium, Iron, Phosphorus, Zinc.

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Table 1. Production and trade of rapeseed and of rapeseed oil (taken from USDA March 2008).

2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08*

   Rapeseed  Production 39.43 46.16 48.74 46.80 47.62    China 13.05 12.65 10.50    India 7.00 5.80 5.50    Canada 9.66 9.00 8.75    EU-27 15.52 16.01 18.31    Other 3.57 3.34 4.56  Export 5.48 4.92 6.95 6.73 7.80  Crush 36.41 40.62 44.59 45.03 45.55

   Rapeseed oil  Production 14.17 15.77 17.27 17.60 17.95    China 4.63 4.61 3.76    India 2.30 2.13 1.97    Canada 1.43 1.43 1.57    EU-27 6.08 6.46 7.41    Other 2.83 2.97 3.24  Export 1.33 1.31 1.73 1.95 1.95  Consumption 14.33 15.60 16.96 17.99 18.48* forecast

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STATE-WISE AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF RAPESEED (1997-98)

STATE AREA(M.HECTS)

% OF TOTAL AREA

PRODUCTION(M.TONNES)

% OF TOTAL PRODUCTION

YIELD(KGS/HECT)

% COVERAGE UNDER IRRIGATION (1995-96)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ASSAM 0.28 4 0.15 3.2 554 12

BIHAR 0.1 1.4 0.09 1.9 887 33.3

GUJARAT 0.35 5 0.35 7.4 1013 97.8

HARYANA 0.56 7.9 0.37 7.9 667 66.8

MADHYA PRADESH 0.74 10.5 0.42 8.9 574 45.3

PUNJAB 0.07 1 0.06 1.3 871 87.4

RAJASTHAN 3.28 46.5 2.19 46.5 670 73.4

UTTAR PRADESH 1.2 17 0.71 15.1 593 75.2

WEST BENGAL 0.33 4.7 0.25 5.3 767 85.2

OTHERS 0.15 2.1 0.12 2.5 . .

ALL-INDIA 7.06 100 4.71 100 667 66.3

SOURCE:- USDA.stat.

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15Source:- map of India rape seed

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TOP RAPE SEED PRODUCER- 2007

CHINA 10.3 (MILLION METRIC TON)

CANADA 9.5

INDIA 7.4

GRMANY 5.3

FRANCE 4.6

POLAND 2.13

UNITED KINGDOM 2.10

AUSTRALIA 1.1

WORLD TOTAL 50.5

Source:- FAO

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Area, Production and Yield of Rapeseed/Mustard

0

2

4

6

8

10

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1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Area (m ha) Production (m tonnes) Yield (q/ha)

Source:- fao.stat.com

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•GOI data shows from the beginning of April indicated that the 2007-08 rape seed crop had been sown on 6.0 million ha. As compared to 6.6 million for the same time period last season.

Reasons :-The ups and down of prices in marketPresence of large crushing unorganized sectorThe MSP established by the GOI favors wheat over rape seed

Source - agmarknet.nic

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India is third largest producer of rape seed, with 12% of worlds production

Mustered/rapeseed is the most important oil for northern , central, and eastern part

Rapeseed is one of the major source of meal supplies over 3MT

Peak period for the rapeseed in mandies is march-may

The projected demand for oil seeds in India by 2020 is around 34MT which is to be mate by rape seed

MARKET -

A significant portion of India’s rapeseed/mustard oil is sold in unorganized markets.

A huge quantity, therefore, is sold without record, on which tax cannot be charged, thus depriving the government of a large amount of income.

Industry analysts estimate that some 70 percent of edible oil is traded in such a way. The rapeseed/mustard oil sector should continueto move towards becoming an organized market.

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Marketing channels:I) Private: The different private agencies such as village trader, wholesaler,

PRDUCER

VILLAGETRADER

WHOLESALER MILLERRETAILER

CONSUMER

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II) Institutional:

PRODUCER

CONSUMER

DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT

AGENCIES

OIL SEE CO-OPERATIVES

UNDER NDDB

NAFED

RETAILER

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Direct marketing: The direct marketing system enables the farmers to meet the specific demand of wholesalers, traders, consumers according to their preferences from the farmers inventory of graded and certified produce on one hand and on other hand helps the farmers to take advantage of favourable prices.

This system encourages the farmers to undertake sorting, grading and quality marking at their farms.

This model has been introduced in Punjab (APNI MANDI), and in AndhraPradesh (RYTHU BAZARS), for fruits and vegetables. Concerted efforts are nowbeing made to introduce this system in other agricultural commodities also.Co-operative marketing For example., the Rajasthan State Co-operative Oilseeds Growers Federation Ltd. provides technical inputs to the mustard - rapeseed growers and purchase the oilseeds at open market price and process it.

After marketing of final produce, the price difference is given to farmers in proportion to their produce.

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Exchanges for trading of mustard- rapeseed and it’s productsSl. no. Name of exchange Commodity traded

1) Kanpur Commodity Exchange Mustard -Rapeseed and it’s products

2) National Board of Trade, Indore Mustard -Rapeseed and it’s products

3) NCDEX(National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Ltd.) Mustard -Rapeseed and it’s products

4) Rajadhani Oils & Oilseeds Exchange Ltd., Delhi Mustard seed, its oil and oil cake

5) The Chamber of Commerce, Hapur Mustard seed

6) Central India Commercial Exchange Ltd., Gwalior Mustard seed

7) Bullion Merchants Association, Bikaner Mustard seed, its oil and oil cake

8) Mustard-rapeseed farmers can avail facility through a nationwide toll freenumber - 1551.

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Technology upgrades and improvements must be realized for both production and processing, so that the amount of oil derived from the seeds can be increased and more revenue can be achieved from sales. Technology could also help reduce the Indian crop’s euric acid content, thus making it more suitable for export and reducing producer dependence on the domestic marketIn India threshing is generally done manually which have considerable loss in production

CIAE MULTICROP THRESHAR IT IS SUITABLE FOR THRESHING OF RAPE SEED WHICH WAS DEVELOPED BY CIAE BHOPAL IN 1981-85 COST- RS.20000

PROCESSING -

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MUSTERED-RAPE SEED PROCESSING

EXPELLER

CAKE MEAL

SOLVENT EXTRACTION

GHANI

OIL FILTRATION REFINING

ANIMAL/POULTRY FEEDPACKAGING OF OIL

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COMPANIES -K S OIL

SIDHARTHA INDUSTRIES GUJRAT

UNIQE ORGANICS LTD

PRADIP ENT. RAJSTHAN

GUJRAT AMBUJA LTD

KISAN PROTIENS PVT. LTD. (PALAMPUR)

OILEX ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.(MUMBAI)

SHYAM INDUSTRIES (AHMEDABAD)

VIMAL OIL AND FOOD LTD. (MEHSANA)

ATOMOS AGRO (MUMBAI)

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POLICY -The ministry of agriculture fixes the MSP. This direct price support is given to ensure farmers fair prices and prevent distress sales.

The ministry of consumer affairs, food and public distribution provides edible oils along with other essential commodities to consumers under PDS at below market price.

ICAR setting up separate research project coordinating unit in the Vth plan on JAN 28,1991 in the campus of Haryana agriculture university, HISSAR.

In the present context of global agriculture scenario, the small and marginal oil seeds farmers should change the habit of traditional farming to modern market/export oriented farming by improving the quality and productivity of the produce.

GOI issuing the edible oil packaging order in 1998 which made packaging of all oils sold in the retail sector mandatory.

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SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS - Large domestic market

India self sufficient in rapeseed production

WEAKNES -Around 80% of this is marketed by the small scale sector in loose form, with only 20% sold by the organized sector.

Rapeseed generally grown on small or marginal land and rainfed

Use of high yielding variety are negligible

Globally, the volume of canola/rapeseed export is the second largest volume of oilseed traded following soybean

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OPPORTUNITY -

In future increased emphasis on biofuel so need to increase production .

Rapeseed oil has emerged as a leader along edible oils in India and much opportunity for growth remain

Rapeseed also grow in Southern part of India to increase production of edible oil THREATS -

Traditional cultivation method

Climate change

Pest and diseases attack (black rot, soft rot, aphids, webworm

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