b.i.a. mâcon 2016- english training 2nd session · com (radio) nav (vor receiver sigle anglais com...
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B.I.A. Mâcon 2016-
ENGLISH TRAININGENGLISH TRAINING
2nd Session
B.I.A. Mâcon – Bagé-2017
ENGLISH TRAININGENGLISH TRAINING
Alain PLATEL – Aéroclub de Mâcon
Session
OverviewOverview
1. Review of previous vocabulary
2. The empennage
3.The instrument panel
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3.The instrument panel
4.The engines
OverviewOverview
vocabulary 5. The propeller
6. The airport
7. The weather
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7. The weather
8. 2nd English test
International Aeronautical
A B C
F G H
L M N
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Q R S
V W X
Aeronautical Alphhabet
D E
I J
O P
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T U
Y Z
International Aeronautical
A ALPHA B BRAVO C CHARLIE
F FOX-TROT G GOLF H HOTEL
L LIMA M MIKE N NOVEMBER
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Q QUEBEC R ROMEO S SIERRA
V VICTOR W WHISKY X X-RAY
Aeronautical Alphhabet
CHARLIE D DELTA E ECHO
I INDIA J JULIET
NOVEMBER O OSCAR P PAPA
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SIERRA T TANGO U UNIFORM
Y YANKEE Z ZULU
General aircraft
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2
aircraft structure1
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Aircraft structure
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Aircraft structure
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FLIGHT CONTROLS
Yaw axis
Pitch axis
Roll axis
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FLIGHT CONTROLS
• Pitch axis: the nosemoves up or down
• Roll axis: the wingstilt left or righttilt left or right
• Yaw axis: the nosemoves left or right
Pitch axis
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PITCH
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The pilot pullspulls the stick :
the aircraft’s nose moves UPUP
PITCH
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The pilot pushespushes the stick:
the aircraft’s nose moves downdown
ROLL
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ROLL
When the pilot moves the stick on the right right sideside:
the right aileron moves upright aileron moves up.
The right wing lift lift decreasesdecreases
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The right wing lift lift decreasesdecreases
ANDAND
the leftleft aileron moves downaileron moves down.
The left wing lift increasesincreases
YAW
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On which
the pilot
YAW
Which is the name of the controlcontrol used
by the pilot on the yawyaw axisaxis?
The The rudderrudder
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The The rudderrudder
which side (left or right) of the command does
the pilot act in this picture?
On the leftleft rudderrudder pedalpedal
Wing structure of a Wing structure of a
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Wing structure of a Wing structure of a metalmetal aircraftaircraft
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The The CockpitCockpit
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CockpitCockpit
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Turn & slip
indicator
Airspeed indicator
Attitude indicator
Altimeter
VOR indicator Compass
InstrumentsInstruments
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Vertical speed
indicator
Directional gyro
2nd altimeter
COM/NAV
Transponder
Compass
Intercom
InstrumentsInstruments
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Hourmeter
Vacuum gauge
Engine controls
and gauges
•• Instrument panel:Instrument panel:• Airpseed indicator• Altimeter• Compass• Vertical speed indicator (VSI)• Tachometer• Manifold pressure• Attitude indicator• Directional gyro• Slip indicator / Inclinometer / Turn &
Bank• Fuel gauges: Quantity, pressure• Fuel gauges: Quantity, pressure• Oil gauges: pressure, temperature• Carburator temperature• Vacuum• Ammeter / voltmeter• EGT / CHTEtc…
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•• Flight Flight controlscontrols::• Stick / Control wheel• Rudder pedals• Trim• Flaps control
•• MiscelaneousMiscelaneous::• NAV/COM (VHF) Radio• Transponder• Magneto switch
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• Magneto switch• Battery switch• Alternator switch• Electrical fuel pump switch• Throttle• MixtureEtc…
• Airspeed indicator:
InstrumentsInstruments
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• Compass:
InstrumentsInstruments
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• Altimeter:
InstrumentsInstruments
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• Vertical speed indicator:
InstrumentsInstruments
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• Tachometer:
InstrumentsInstruments
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• Attitude indicator:
InstrumentsInstruments
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• Directional gyro:
InstrumentsInstruments
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• Fuel gauge:
InstrumentsInstruments
Fuel quantity
Fuel pressure
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• Oil gauges: • EGT / CHT / Carb
InstrumentsInstruments
Temperature
Pressure
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• Vacuum gauge:Carb. T° gauges
InstrumentsInstruments
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COM / NAVCOM / NAV
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COM (Radio) NAV (VOR receiver
Sigle Anglais
COM Transceiver
VOR (NAV) Visual Omni Range
CDI Course Deviation Indicator
ILS Instrument Landing System
Glideslope
COM / NAVCOM / NAV
CDI
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receiver)
Français
Emetteur-Récepteur VHF
Récepteur VOR
OBS
ILS
Pente d’approche aux instruments
VOR ILSVOR ILS
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VOR ILSVOR ILS
GlideslopeGlideslope
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LocalizerLocalizer
NavigationNavigation
ILS Instrument Landing System
VOR Visual Omni Range
DME Distance Measuring Equipment
GPS Global Positioning System
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NDB Non Directional Beacon
ADI (EADI) Attitude Director Indicator
ADF Automatic Direction Finder
HSI (EHSI) Horizontal Situation Indicator
PFD Primary Flight Display
EMS Engine Monitoring System
NavigationNavigation
Instrument Landing System
Equipment
System
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Indicator (Electronic)
Direction Finder
Indicator (Electronic)
Monitoring System
EFISEFIS((ElectronicElectronic Flight Information Flight Information
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LowerLower weightweight
but but requirerequire
EFISEFISFlight Information Flight Information SystemSystem))
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weightweight, , manymany more more functionsfunctions,,
requirerequire appropriateappropriate trainingtraining!!
The The enginesengines
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enginesengines
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The The engineengine
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engineengine
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LycomingLycoming / Continental / Continental
•• BothBoth fromfrom the USA, but Continental the USA, but Continental ChineseChinese group.group.
•• AlmostAlmost 90% of all light 90% of all light aircraftsaircraftseithereither Continental or Continental or LycomingLycomingAlmostAlmost 90% of all light 90% of all light aircraftsaircraftseithereither Continental or Continental or LycomingLycoming
•• VeryVery good good reliabilityreliability
•• TBO of 2,000 or 2,400 TBO of 2,000 or 2,400 hourshours
•• Fuel Fuel consumptionconsumption fromfrom ∼∼20 to >80 Liter/20 to >80 Liter/
BIA - Alain PLATEL, 2016, Aéroclub de Mâcon Charnay
/ Continental / Continental enginesengines
the USA, but Continental the USA, but Continental nownow belongsbelongs in part to a in part to a
in the world are in the world are poweredpowered withwithenginesenginesin the world are in the world are poweredpowered withwithenginesengines
20 to >80 Liter/20 to >80 Liter/HourHour
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LycomingLycoming / Continental flat / Continental flat
• 4, 6 or 8 cylinders
• Power from ∼90 to >400 hp
• Carburator or fuel injected (Avgas)
• Two spark plugs / cylinder• Two spark plugs / cylinder
• Two magnetos
• Capacity from ∼3200 to 12,000 cc *
• Accessories usually include starter, alternator, vacuum pump,…
BIA - Alain PLATEL, 2016, Aéroclub de Mâcon Charnay
/ Continental flat / Continental flat enginesengines
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* As the propeller must remain below ∼2800 rpm,
the engine must have a big capacity to allow the
full power at this relatively low rpm. This result in
relatively high fuel consumptions.
IGNITIONIGNITIONMagnetos
generateEach magneto can be selected by the pilot
BIA - Alain PLATEL, 2016, Aéroclub de Mâcon Charnay
Aviation spark plug. There are TWOTWO
spark plugs for each cylinder.
For security reasons, most aircraft engines
connected to a set of spark
IGNITIONIGNITIONMagnetos do not need external electricity to
generate high voltage.
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engines have two independent magnetos, each
spark plugs to generate ignition.
IGNITION SWITCHIGNITION SWITCHTo avoid any in-flight major engine failure
Independently selected by the pilot
« Right », « Left », or « Both ».
This
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This
holding
The 5th « START » position of the switch
IGNITION SWITCHIGNITION SWITCHfailure, each magneto can be
by the pilot with the ignition switch:
This switch is to be tested by the pilot at
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This switch is to be tested by the pilot at
holding point prior to every flight.
» position of the switch activates the starter
STARTER & ALTERNATORSTARTER & ALTERNATOR
Most aviation
BIA - Alain PLATEL, 2016, Aéroclub de Mâcon
Modern aviation engines use an
electric starterIn our
The pilot has to
STARTER & ALTERNATORSTARTER & ALTERNATOR
Most aviation engines of light aircrafts use an
alternator to produce electricity
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our aircrafts, the alternator is not automatically activated.
The pilot has to turn-on a switch to activate the alternator.
OtherOther enginesengines•• RotaxRotax 912, 912iS, 914, 915, 4 cyl., from 80 to 135 hp
•• SMASMA, SR305, 4 cyl., 230 hp, Jet A or Diesel, France (Aérospatiale) *
•• ThielertThielert 135-CDI and 155-CDI, 4 cyl., 135 or 155 hp
•• JabiruJabiru 2200 (4 cyl., 80 hp) and 3300 (6 cyl., 120 hp),
•• DD--MotorMotor LF26 (4 cyl., 90 hp) and LF39 (6 cyl., 125 hp
•• VIJAVIJA, 4 cyl., 100 to 160 hp, SP98 or Avgas (France)
•• SODEMOSODEMO France (Magny Cours, in development, willhp)
…numerous others…
*: Already approved or submitted for several « CDN » aircrafts
BIA - Alain PLATEL, 2016, Aéroclub de Mâcon Charnay
enginesengineshp, SP98 or Avgas (Austria) *
, Jet A or Diesel, France (Aérospatiale) *
hp, Jet A or Diesel (Germany) *
), SP98 or Avgas (Australia)
hp), SP98 or Avgas (Belgium)
will be largely lighter [60 kg] than others with 100
aircrafts (Cessna, Robin CDI…)
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TurbopropTurboprop
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TurbopropTurboprop engineengine
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TurbopropTurboprop
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TurbopropTurboprop engineengine
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Jet Jet engineengine
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engineengine
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EngineEngine mountsmounts
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mountsmounts
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EngineEngine mountsmounts
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mountsmounts
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The The PropellerPropeller
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PropellerPropeller
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The The PropellerPropeller• Usually from 2 to 4 blades, up to 8
for tubofan (A400M)
• Fixed or adjustable pitch• Ground adjustable pitch is more and
more used, allowing to adjust the
BIA - Alain PLATEL, 2016, Aéroclub de Mâcon Charnay
more used, allowing to adjust the pitch to usual local conditions
• Some aircrafts (e.g., aerobatic) use a constant speed constant speed propellerpropeller with a FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control)
• Wood, metal or composites materials
PropellerPropeller
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Airbus A400M
« DUC Hélices » 3-blades
constant speed propeller
The The PropellerPropeller• Fixed or ground-adjustable pitch
are usually used with engines<200 hp
• In-flight adjustable or constant speed propellers are necessarywith engines >250 hp to avoid
BIA - Alain PLATEL, 2016, Aéroclub de Mâcon Charnay
speed propellers are necessarywith engines >250 hp to avoidpropeller’s overspeed:
• Low picth = short take-off and good rate of climb
• High pitch = better cruise speed
• All fixed-pitch propellers are a compromise
PropellerPropeller
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Airbus A400M turbofan
« DUC Hélices » 3-blades
constant speed propeller
The The AirportAirport
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AirportAirport
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The The AirportAirportIn France, we have ∼470 airfieldsand airports, i.e., more than in the remaining european countries
• The runway is designated by the first 2-digits of its magneticorientation, e.g., « Runway 17 »
BIA - Alain PLATEL, 2016, Aéroclub de Mâcon
first 2-digits of its magneticorientation, e.g., « Runway 17 » is between 165° and 174°
Runway
Holding point= yellow line across the taxiway
Threshold
AirportAirport
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Taxiway Parkingthe taxiway
MâconMâcon--CharnayCharnay
DownwindDownwind =
180° / runway
in use
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Base Base legleg =
90° / runway
in use
in use
CharnayCharnay -- LFLMLFLM
RunwayRunway
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FinalFinal
MâconMâcon--CharnayCharnay
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CharnayCharnay -- LFLMLFLM
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The The AirportAirport
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AirportAirport: Lyon Bron: Lyon Bron
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The The AirportAirport
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AirportAirport
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The The AirportAirportAnglais Français
Approach Approche Control
To land Atterir Transponder
Heading Cap Speed
Clearance Autorisation Gust
Cleared Autorisé Magnetic
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Cleared Autorisé Magnetic
Runway (RWY) Piste Strobe
Crew Equipage Taxi
Height Hauteur To taxi
Air Trafic Control (ATC) Contrôle aérien To
Knot (kt) Nœud (=1,852 km/H) To line up
Wind sock Manche à air To
AirportAirportAnglais Français
Control tower Tour de contrôle
Transponder Transpondeur
Speed Vitesse
Gust Rafale (de vent)
Magnetic road Route magnétique
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Magnetic road Route magnétique
Strobe, rotating light Feu anticollision, strobe
Taxi light Phare de roulage
To taxi Rouler
To start Mettre en route, démarrer
To line up S’aligner
To hold Attendre
The The AirportAirportAnglais Français
Downwind, Tail wind Vent arrière Noise
Base leg Etape de base Departure
Final Finale Arrival
Customs Douanes Proceed
Pre-flight check Visite pré-vol Read back
Crosswind Vent traversier Heading
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Crosswind Vent traversier Heading
Wake turbulence Turbulence de sillage Skid
Windshear Cisaillement de vent Slick
To go around Remise de gaz Slope
Start-up clearance Permission de mettre en route Paved
Circuit pattern Circuit de piste Grass
Emergency Urgence Hold
AirportAirportAnglais Français
Noise abatement Réduction de bruit
Departure Départ
Arrival Arrivée
Proceed to… Poursivre sur…
Read back Collationnement
Heading Orientation (magnétique)
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Heading Orientation (magnétique)
Skid Dérapage
Slick, Slippery Glissant
Slope Pente, déclivité
Paved runway Piste en dur
Grass runway Piste en herbe
Hold (to) Maintenir position
B.I.A. Mâcon 2016
ENGLISH TRAINING
Next session: Next session: 0808thth March, 2017March, 2017
B.I.A. Mâcon – Bagé2016-2017
ENGLISH TRAINING
session:
Alain PLATEL – Aéroclub de Mâcon
session: March, 2017March, 2017