BIBFRAME

Talk 3Linked-Data in the Wild

Talk 3

Part 1

Resource Description Framework (RDF)

and its structure: from MARC to BIBFRAME

Main points from Talk 1 + Talk 2

• BIBFRAME is an initiative and intellectual framework which will likely replace MARC as the foundation for data-exchange and information-sharing of bibliographic information

• Other data Linked Open Data (LOD) is made possible Resource Description Framework (RDF). RDF is a framework for describing Web resources, which is anything that can be retrieved or identified on the Web via a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)

• The BIBFRAME model works well across the Web and allows users to find resources in library catalogues around the world, but is still under construction

• The BIBFRAME model will enable us to use RDA as it was intended to be used. It’s part of LOD and learning about BIBFRAME will give you not only the tools but the skills to adapt in the future.

BIBFRAME model

The model uses “works” and “instances” as its basis. The model also uses “authorities” and “annotation” to describe RDA Works, Expressions, Manifestations and items (WEMI).

BIBFRAME model

In Talk 2, we saw MacBeth staged as a conceptual model of LOD. Specifically, MacBeth was converted to “triples”

Shakespeare -> isCreatorOf -> MacBeth

Triples are an efficient way to represent information because triples give exact meaning to what they describe, like a sentence in natural language. Therefore, triples work both ways and have reciprocal relationships.

MacBeth -> hasCreator -> Shakespeare

How a RDF triple works

Each RDF-triple is a statement that has three parts.

Multiple RDF triples = graphUsing these three simple statements, let's turn this into a RDF graph: -Bengie is a dog.-Bonnie is a cat.-Bengie and Bonnie are friends.

Now machines can read!

The difference between mark-up and LOD is the addition of meaning to data.

Who is using LOD/RDF today?

Linked Open Data has been used for some time. It is being used on news websites, by universities by national libraries in the UK, Spain, the US, Germany, Sweden and many other institutions.

Why should libraries use it?

1. Increasing viability and acceptance of interoperating with data from outside of libraries;

2. RDA gives us an opportunity to fundamentally rethink some features of our data;

3. Semantic Web activities have been given new life with the grassroots Linked Data movement.

Source: DLP Brown Bag Series, 2010

RDF incorporates data fromother sources? Yes, right now!

BBC Wildlife Finder<http://www.bbc.co.uk/wildlifefinder/>Slide by Thomas Baker, “What Makes the Linked DataApproach Different,” NISO DCMI Webinar 2010.<http://dublincore.org/resources/training/NISO_Webinar_20100825/dcmi-webinar-02.pdf>

With LOD, records are resources computers can share

For peoplewho read German

And for all those literatemachines out there, thereare different “dialects”!

Uniquie Resource Identifier (URI)

The path to Linked Open Data

Finally, when libraries and other institutions make their data available, they meet the 5-star criteria.

Talk 3

Part 2

BIBFRAME allows libraries to leverage LOD

Useful Web / RDF definitions 1

• HTTP content negotiation: process for delivering content (data) in different formats (e.g. RDF, XML, HTML) based on HTTP requests.

Useful Web / RDF definitions 2

Triplestore: a database for storing RDF data; this is needed for linked data.

Useful Web / RDF definitions 3

RDF vocabularies and ontologies define categories of things and their relationships with each other. Dublin Core is a good example of a standard web ontology.

URI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

Label: Creator

Definition: An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.

Type of Term: Property

In other words, they are controlled vocabularies for the Web!

Useful Web / RDF definitions 4

RDFS (the RDF Schema) : a basic vocabulary for ontology development

• RDFS defines RDF classes and properites

Class: a category of resource; a resource in such a category is said to be an instance of the class.

Property: a relation between a subject and object in a triple

Schemas provide a framework to make Web vocabularies more accessible to humans and machines.

Source: http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/education/ Source: https://schema.org/

Linked Data on show

Now you know three important things about Linked Data on the Web.

1. What RDF triples are (groups of 3-part datasets relating a resource to another) and multiple triples are called graphs;

2. How triples are organised and defined (using web vocabularies);

3. How these data are transmitted (via Web pages as HTTP requests) from triplestores (databases for data in triples-form) using pre-cordinated rules (web Schemas).

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

You are now ready to see Linked Data in action using BIBFRAME.

First we will examine “The Master and Margarita” by Mikhail Bulgakov in MARC. We will examine just the creator, title and Authorised Access Point for brevity. The we will reconstruct it in BIBFRAME.

The Master and Margarita in OPAC at LC

Other “dialects”

Now the BIBFRAME view at LC

Here is the MARC version of the bibliographic record for The Master and Margarita

MARC 010 LCCNused to build the “permalink”

A typical bibliographic record in AACR2

Note Bulgakov’s name authority number.

BIBFRAME Vocabulary 1

• Available at: http://bibframe.org/vocab-list/

For example, creator looks like this:creatorbf:creatorGeneralized creative responsibility role.Label: Creator roleType: rdf:Property SubProperty Of: bf:agent

• The vocabulary terms can be used like MARC fields.

BIBFRAME Vocabulary 2

Title looks like this:

bf:title

• Word, character, or group of words and/or characters that is a name given to a resource

Title information relating to a resource: title proper, translated title, or variant form of title.

Label: Title Entity

SubClass Of: bf:Resource See also: http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/docs/vocab-conventions.html

Linking directly to the authority

The previous 2 slides can be summaried as:

<bf:Work>

<bf:title>Master and Margarita</bf:title> <bf:creator rdf:resource=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79056735 />

</bf:Work>

Bulgakov’s LCCN (MARC 010) isnow is now part of a URI so can beused as linked data. We won’t needto input this kind of information di-rectly ourselves. Spot other URIs.

BBC Nature: the Kakapo and RDF

How the kakapo gets to you

RDF in action

BBC RDFa behind the scenes

Different vocabulariesgive the machines re-ference to same defin-ition. The Web “knows”what sort of page this isand expects RDF becauseof the DTD.

RDF and the Kakapo (cont.)

Google search: we findnot only the RDF-versionof the BBC article (notthe HTML version!), but also id.loc.gov authorities

BBC and the kakapo (cont.)

BIBFRAME transformation & more

BIBFRAME is a model for conveying, formatting and displaying bibliographic information. Even though it’s not finished yet, we can have a look right now at the BIBFRAME website.

Audience input and questions are welcome.

Thank you very much. This concludes the BIBFRAME series