Bibliography

For those wanting to know more about the Japanese economy, and some of the related background, the following is a useful list of references. They include critical and laudatory works, good books and books that are well-known, not always the same thing. Right or wrong, they show various aspects of the subject and the debate. Of particular interest are the English translations of works by Japanese academics, on the whole far less enthusiastic supporters of Japan's economic management than their foreign colleagues.

1. Economy 2. "Bubble Economy" 3. Financial and Stock Markets 4. Industrial Policy 5. Trade 6. Overseas Investment 7. Aid 8. Management 9. Industrial Relations

10. Women Workers 11. Groupings and Associations 12. Culture, Society, Politics

1. Economy

Czinkota, Michael R., and Woronoff, Jon, Unlocking Japan's Market, Chicago, Probus, 1991.

Francks, Penelope, Japanese Economic Development: Theory and Practice, London, Routledge, 1991.

Gibney, Frank, Miracle by Design: The Real Reasons Behind Japan's Economic Success, New York, Times Books, 1982.

273

274

Huber, Thomas M., Japan's Strategic Economy, Boulder, Westview Press, 1994.

Inoguchi, Takashi, and Okimoto, Daniel I., The Political Economy of Japan: The Changing International Context, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1988.

Ito, Takatoshi, The Japanese Economy, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1991. Kahn, Herman, The Emerging Japanese Superstate, Harmondsworth,

Penguin, 1970. Komiya, Ryutaro, The Japanese Economy, Trade, Industry and Government,

Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1991. Kosai, Yutaka, The Era of High-Speed Growth, Tokyo, University of Tokyo

Press, 1986. Lincoln, Edward J., Japan, Facing Economic Maturity, Washington, DC,

Brookings Institution, 1988. Morris-Suzuki, T., and Seiyama, T. (eds.), Japanese Capitalism Since 1945,

Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 1989. Nakamura, Takafusa, The Postwar Japanese Economy, Tokyo, University of

Tokyo Press, 1981; 2nd edition, 1995. Okabe, Mitsuaki, The Structure of the Japanese Economy: Change on the

Domestic and International Fronts, London, Macmillan, 1994. Shinohara, Myohei, Industrial Growth, Trade and Dynamic Patterns in the

Japanese Economy, Tokyo, Tokyo University Press, 1982. Smith, Dennis, Japan: The Rise of an Economic Superpower, London,

Macmillan, 1995. Tachi, Ryuichiro, The Contemporary Japanese Economy: An Overview,

Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1993. Tsuru, Shigeto, Japan's Capitalism: Creative Defeat and Beyond, London,

Cambridge University Press, 1993. Uchino, Tatsuro, Japan's Postwar Economy, Tokyo, Kodansha International,

1983. Van Der Meer, Cornelius L.J., and Yamada, Saburo, Japanese Agriculture,

London, Routledge, 1990. Woronoff, Jon, Asia's "Miracle" Economies, 2nd edition, Armonk,

M.E. Sharpe, 1991. , The Japan Syndrome, New Brunswick, Transaction Books, 1985. , Japan: The Coming Economic Crisis, Tokyo, Lotus Press, 1979.

Yamamura, Kozo, Economic Policy in Postwar Japan: Growth versus Economic Democracy, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1967.

, Japan's Economic Structure: Should It Change?, Seattle, Society for Japanese Studies, 1990.

Yamamura, Kozo, and Yasuba, Yasukichi, The Political Economy of Japan: The Domestic Transformation, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1987.

Yamazawa, Ippei, Economic Development and International Trade, The Japanese Model, Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, 1990.

275

2. "Bubble Economy"

Emmott, Bill, Japanophobia: The Myth of the Invincible Japanese, New York, Times Books, 1993.

, Japan's Global Reach, London, Century Books, 1992. , The Sun Also Sets: Why Japan Will Not Be Number One, London,

Simon & Schuster, 1989. Reading, Brian, Japan, The Coming Collapse, London, Weidenfeld &

Nicholson, 1992. Wood, Christopher, The Bubble Economy: Japan's Extraordinary Speculative

Boom of the '80s and the Dramatic Bust of the '90s, London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1992.

, The End of Japan Inc. And How the New Japan Will Look, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1994.

3. Financial and Stock Markets

Alletzhauser, Albert J., The House of Nomura, New York, Harper, 1990. Shibata, Tokue, Japan's Public Sector: How the Government is Financed,

Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1994. Singleton, Kenneth J., Japanese Monetary Policy, Chicago, University of

Chicago Press, 1994. Tatewaki, Kazuo, Banking and Finance in Japan, An Introduction to the

Tokyo Market, London, Routledge, 1991. Zielinski, Robert, and Holloway, Nigel, Unequal Equities, Power and Risk in

Japan's Stock Market, Tokyo, Kodansha International, 1991.

4. Industrial Policy

Calder, Kent E., Strategic Capitalism: Private Business and Public Purpose in Japanese Industrial Finance, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1993.

Feigenbaum, Edward A., and McCorduck, Pamela, The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Computer Challenge to the World, Reading, Addison-Wesley, 1983.

Johnson, Chalmers, MITI and the Japanese Miracle, The Growth of Industrial Policy 1925-1975, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1982.

Komiya, Ryutaro, Okuno, Masahiro, and Suzumura, Kotaro (eds.), Industrial Policy of Japan, Tokyo, Academic Press, 1988.

Nester, William R., Japanese Industrial Targeting, The Neomercantilist Path to Economic Superpower, London, Macmillan, 1991.

Okimoto, Daniel L, Between MITI and the Market, Japanese Industrial Policy for High Technology, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1989.

276

Vestal, James E., Planning for Change, Industrial Policy and Japanese Economic Development 1945-1990, New York, Oxford University Press, 1994.

Vogel, Ezra, Comeback, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1985. Woronoff, Jon, Japanese Targeting: Successes, Failures, Lessons, London,

Macmillan, and New York, St. Martin's, 1992.

5. Trade

Bhagwati, Jagdish, The World Trading System at Risk, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1991.

Cohen, Stephen D., Cowboys and Samurai, Why the U.S. is Losing the Battle with Japan and Why It Matters, New York, HarperCollins, 1991.

, Uneasy Partnership, Competition and Conflict in U.S.-Japanese Trade Relations, Cambridge, Ballinger, 1985.

Encarnation, Dennis, Rivals Beyond Trade: America Versus Japan in Global Competition, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1992.

Lincoln, Edward J., Japan's Unequal Trade, Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution, 1990.

Ministry of International Trade and Industry, White Paper on International Trade, Tokyo, annual.

Prestowitz, Clyde V., Trading Places: How We Allowed Japan to Take the Lead, New York, Basic Books, 1988.

Sato, Ryuzo, and Nelson, Julianne (eds.), Beyond Trade Friction, Japan-U.S. Economic Relations, New York, University of Cambridge Press, 1989.

Tyson, Laura D'Andrea, Who's Bashing Whom?: Trade Conflict in High-Technology Industries, Washington, D.C., Institute for International Economics, 1992.

Wolf, Marvin J., The Japanese Conspiracy, New York, Empire Books, 1983. Woronoff, Jon, World Trade War, New York, Praeger, 1984.

6. Overseas Investment

Abo, Tetsuo, Hybrid Factory, The Japanese Production System in the United States, New York, Oxford University Press, 1994.

Bartu, Friedemann, The Ugly Japanese: Nippon's Economic Empire in Asia, Singapore, Longman, 1992.

Edgington, David W., Japanese Business Down Under, Patterns of Japanese Investment in Australia, London, Routledge, 1990.

Fucini, Joseph J. and Suzy, Working for the Japanese: Inside Mazda's American Auto Plant, New York, Free Press, 1990.

Fukuda, K. John, Japanese-Style Management Transferred, The Experience of East Asia. London, Routledge, 1988.

277

Garrahan, Philip, and Stewart, Paul, The Nissan Enigma: Flexibility at Work in a Local Economy, London, Mansell, 1992.

Gelsanliter, David, Jump Start: Japan Comes to the Heartland, New York, Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1990.

Mason, Mark, and Encarnation, Dennis, Does Ownership Matter?, Japanese Multinationals in Europe, London, Oxford University Press, 1994.

Strange, Roger, Japanese Manufacturing Investment in Europe, Its Impact on the U.K. Economy, London, Routledge, 1993.

Sullivan, Jeremiah, Invasion of the Salarymen, the Japanese Business Presence in America, Westport, Praeger, 1992.

Wickens, Peter, The Road to Nissan, Flexibility, Quality, Teamwork, London, Macmillan, 1987.

Woronoff, Jon, Japan's Commercial Empire, London, Macmillan, and Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 1984.

7. Aid

Arase, David, Buying Power: The Political Economy of Japanese Foreign Aid, Boulder, Lynne Rienner, 1995.

Ensign, Margee, Doing Good or Doing Well?, Japan's Foreign Aid Program, New York, Columbia University Press, 1993.

Orr, Robert M., Jr., The Emergence of Japan's Foreign Aid Power, New York, Columbia University Press, 1991.

Rix, Alan, Japan's Foreign Aid Challenge: Policy Reform and Aid Leadership, London, Routledge, 1993.

8. Management

Abegglen, James C , and Stalk, George, Jr., Kaisha, The Japanese Corporation, New York, Basic Books, 1985.

Hayashi, Shuji, Culture and Management in Japan, Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1989.

Matsumoto, Koji, The Rise of The Japanese Corporate System, London, Kegan Paul, 1991.

Morita, Akio, Made in Japan, Akio Morita and Sony, New York, E.P. Dutton, 1986.

Odaka. Kunio, Japanese Management - A Forward-Looking Analysis, Tokyo, Asian Productivity Organization, 1986.

Ouchi, William, Theory Z, Reading, Addison-Wesley, 1981. Pascale, Richard Tanner, and Athos, Anthony G., The Art of Japanese

Management, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1981. Rafferty, Kevin, Inside Japan's Power Houses: The Culture, Mystique and

Future of Japan's Greatest Corporations, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1995.

278

Sato, Kazuo, and Hoshino, Yasuo, The Anatomy of Japanese Business, Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 1984.

Sethi, S. Prakash, Namiki, Nobuaki, and Swanson, Carl L., The False Promise of the Japanese Miracle, Boston, Pitman, 1984,

Small and Medium Enterprise Agency, White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan, Tokyo, annual

Smitka, Michael J., Competitive Ties, Subcontracting in the Japanese Automotive Industry, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1991.

Woronoff, Jon, Japan's Management Mystique, Chicago, Probus, 1992. — — , The "No-Nonsense" Guide To Doing Business in Japan, Tokyo,

Yohan, and London, Macmillan, 1992.

9. Industrial Relations

Chalmers, Norma J., Industrial Relations in Japan, The Peripheral Workforce, London, Routledge, 1989.

Clark, Rodney, The Japanese Company, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1979.

Cole, Robert E., Japanese Blue Collar: The Changing Tradition, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1971.

, Work, Mobility, and Participation, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1979.

Dore, Ronald P., British Factory, Japanese Factory, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1973.

Hanami, Tadashi, Labor Relations in Japan Today, Tokyo, Kodansha International, 1979.

Kamata, Satoshi, Japan in the Passing Lane, New York, Pantheon, 1982. Kawanishi, Hirosuke, Enterprise Unionism in Japan, London, Kegan Paul,

1991. Koike, Kazuo, Understanding Industrial Relations in Modern Japan, New

York, St. Martin's, 1988. Levine, Solomon B., and Kawada, Hisashi, Human Resources in Japanese

Industrial Development, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1991. Lincoln, James R., and Kalleberg, Arne L., Culture, Control and

Commitment, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990. Rohlen, Thomas P., For Harmony and Strength, Berkeley, University of

California Press, 1974. Schonberger, Richard J., Japanese Manufacturing Techniques, New York,

Free Press, 1982. Sengoku, Tamotsu, Willing Workers: The Work Ethic in Japan, England, and

the United States, Westport, Quorum, 1985. Shirai, Taishiro (ed.), Contemporary Industrial Relations in Japan, Madison,

University of Wisconsin Press, 1983. Taira, Koji, Economic Development and the Labor Market in Japan, New

York, Columbia University Press, 1968.

279

Woronoff, Jon, Japan's Wasted Workers, Tokyo, Yohan, and New York, Rowman and Allenheld, 1981.

10. Women Workers

Brinton, Mary C , Women and the Economic Miracle, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1992.

Cook, Alice, and Hayashi, Hiroko, Working Women in Japan: Discrimination, Resistance, and Reform, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1980.

Kondo, Dorinne K., Crafting Selves, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Lam, Alice, Women and Japanese Management, Discrimination and Reform, London, Routledge, 1992.

Lo, Jeannie, Office Ladies, Factory Women, Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 1990. Ministry of Labor, White Paper on Women's Labor, Tokyo, annual. Roberts, Glenda S., Staying on the Line: Blue-Collar Women in

Contemporary Japan, Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, 1994. Saso, Mary, Women in the Japanese Workplace, London, Hilary Shipman,

1990.

11. Groupings and Associations

Dodwell Marketing Consultants, Industrial Groupings in Japan, Tokyo, periodic.

Gerlach, Michael L., Alliance Capitalism: The Social Organization of Japanese Business, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1992.

Johnson, Hazel J., The Banking Keiretsu, Chicago, Probus, 1993. Lynn, Leonard H., and McKeown, Timothy J., Organizing Business, Trade

Associations in America and Japan, Washington, D.C., American Enterprise Institute, 1988.

12. Culture, Society, Politics

Allinson, Gary D., and Sone, Yasunori, Political Dynamics in Contemporary Japan, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1992.

Anderson, Stephen J., Welfare Policy and Politics in Japan, New York, Paragon House, 1993.

Calder, Kent E., Crisis and Compensation, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1988.

Campbell, John Creighton, How Policies Change, The Japanese Government and the Aging Society, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1992.

Economic Planning Agency, White Paper on National Life, Tokyo, annual.

280

Fukutake, Tadashi, The Japanese Social Structure, Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1982.

, Japanese Society Today, Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1981. Herzog, Peter J., Japan's Pseudo-Democracy, New York, New York

University Press, 1993. Hidaka, Rokuro, The Price of Affluence, Tokyo, Kodansha International,

1984. Holstein, William J., The Japanese Power Game, New York, Scribners, 1990. Kumori, Shumpei, and Rosovsky, Henry, The Political Economy of Japan:

Cultural and Social Dynamics, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1992.

Ministry of Labor, Survey of Japanese Employees' Life After Retirement, Tokyo, annual.

Nester, William R., European Power and the Japanese Challenge, London, Macmillan, 1993.

Prime Minister's Office, Public Opinion Sur\>ey on Society and State, Tokyo, annual.

, Public Opinion Survey on The Life of The Nation, Tokyo, annual. Rothacher, Albrecht, The Japanese Power Elite, London, Macmillan, 1993. Tabb, William K., The Postwar Japanese System, Cultural Economy and

Economic Transformation, New York, Oxford University Press, 1995. Taylor, Jared, Shadows of the Rising Sun, New York, Quill, 1983. Thurow, Lester, Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle Among Japan,

Europe and America, New York, William Morrow, 1992. van Wolferen, Karel, The Enigma of Japanese Power, New York, Knopf,

1989. Vogel, Ezra, Japan As Number One, Cambridge, Harvard University Press,

1988. Woronoff, Jon, Japan As - Anything But - Number One, London, Macmillan,

and Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 1991. , Japan: The Coming Social Crisis, Tokyo, Yohan, 1983. , Politics, The Japanese Way, London, Macmillan, and New York,

St. Martin's, 1988.

Index

Abegglen, James, 207, 209 administrative reform, 54, 97, 262 advanced countries, 25, 37, 76, 127, 141-2, 206, 227-8 agriculture, 67-8, 76, 78, 88-9, 92, 100, 123, 260, 263 aid, 34, 36-7 airlines, 121, 124 Allen, Deborah, 101 amenities, 131-2,224-5 Arai, Joji, 72 Asia, 29, 76, 101, 104, 223-4, 251, 256-9 automation, 80, 112 automobile industry, 49, 90, 121, 177-9, 253-5, 260

Bank of Japan, 38, 41, 51, 57, 237, 243, 245 banks, 50-1, 66, 90, 122, 199, 201, 243-5, 247-9 Bhagwati, Jagdish, 250-2 birth rate, 28, 138, 144 Blinder, Alan, 110,210-1 Board of Audit, 96-7 bubble economy, 31-2, 51-2, 122-3, 243-50, 265 bureaucrats, 40-1, 45-9, 57-8, 92-7, 110, 124, 214-6, 231-4, 246, 261-5,

268 businessmen, 45-9, 50-4, 94-5,97, 214-6, 231-4, 262-5, 268 Business Week, 24, 104

Chalmers, Norma, 72 China, 256, 259 companies, 68-72, 204-12, 248-50, 268 see also management company "family," 79-80, 155-60, 169-74 competition, 106-8, 113, 118, 122, 176 construction, 65-6, 77-8, 91-2, 123-4 consumers, 90, 115-20, 121-3, 163-5, 220, 226, 242, 253-6, 259 core system, 173-4, 208, 212 corruption, 52, 125, 197, 199, 201 cost of living, 26, 66-8,88-9, 100-1, 112, 115-21, 129,252 credit cards, 31,164-5 crisis, 11-22,219-41,265-70

281

282

Daiei, 259, 262 debt, personal, 164-5; national, 53-4, 97 decision-making, 82, 87-8, 232-3 declining sectors, 29-30, 40, 65, 108, 121, 256 defense, 34, 36, 96 Dentsu Institute of Human Studies, 163 deregulation, 51, 57, 96, 122, 261-5, 268 distribution, 55, 66-7, 77-8, 89-90, 92, 96, 117-20, 123, 171, 259-61, 264,

268-9 Doko, Toshiwo, 54 domestic demand, 30-1, 40-1, 57-8, 226, 259 Dore, Ronald, 36, 174, 179 Drucker, Peter, 40 dual economy, 70-2, 77

Economic Planning Agency (EPA), 23, 45-8, 128, 140, 165, 195, 252, 265 Economist, 40-1, 45, 58, 229, 242, 248, 266 education, 26, 83-4, 86, 95, 131, 205, 213-4 Electronics, 258-60 Emmott, Bill, 55, 58, 127, 140, 229, 251, 266-8 endaka (heavy yen), 30-1, 38, 57, 234, 243, 253-6, 268 Equal Employment Opportunity Law, 186-7 Europe, 25, 27, 33-4, 36-9,55-8,76-8, 88,99-101, 104, 111, 123, 131,

142, 189,202,206,223,231,255 exchange rates, 30-1, 38, 58, 99, 109, 117, 123, 233, 253-4, 259 exporting, 17, 29, 35-6, 38, 54-5, 57-8, 109, 226, 229, 233-4, 243, 251-7

Fair Trade Commission (FTC), 118-9, 263-^ family, 137, 143, 150, 162, 164-6, 189-90 finance, 66, 78, 122-3 Financial Times, 24, 39, 257 Fiscal Investment and Loan Program (FILP), 53 fiscal policy, 52-4 food costs, 100, 117, 123,251-2 Fukuda, Takeo, 214

generation gap, 138, 150-3, 159-66,226-7 geographic gaps, 16, 203-4 Germany, 26, 33-4, 100, 104, 111, 114, 133, 180, 191, 206, 222-3, 254 Gibney, Frank, 149-50 Great Britain, 100, 104, 114, 207, 223 Gregory, Gene, 155 growth, 11, 14-6, 23-6, 32-7, 47-8, 78, 99, 219-20, 224-6, 228, 230, 242,

265

283

Hakuhodo Institute of Life, 162 Hasegawa, Keitaro, 159 Hayashi, Hikaru, 162 healthcare, 141-2 hierarchy, 83-4, 170-3, 196, 202-6, 208-9, 212-7, 232-1 Hiraiwa Report, 262 Honda, 42,49, 107,253 Hong Kong, 25, 39, 223, 251, 256 honne (reality), 19, 143, 153 hours worked, 79, 82-3, 96, 132-7, 176-8, 184, 265 housing, 26, 100-1, 128-9, 132, 138, 142-3, 202-3, 265, 269

implosion, 22, 166, 235-6 importing, 251-4 Inamori, Kazuo, 264 income, 99-103, 164-5,201 Industrial Bank of Japan, 246 industrial policy, see targeting inequality, 13, 16-7, 19,51-2, 129, 195-217,227-8 inflation, 25-7, 102, 112, 114 Institute for International Economics, 252 International Labour Organization, 112 investment, 29, 41-2, 58-9, 109-10, 258-9 Ishikawa, Rokuro, 153, 165

Japanapologists, 7-8, 20, 23, 37-42, 45, 55, 57-8, 71-2, 127, 149-50, 155, 174-5, 179, 223-4, 229, 240-1, 250-2, 261

Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 153, 165 Japan Development Bank (JDB), 105, 238 Japan Economic Journal, 31, 119, 237, 265 Japan Federation of Economic Organizations (Keidanren), 54, 262 Japan Federation of Employers Associations (Nikkeiren), 114, 207 Japan Productivity Council (JPC), 76-7 job-hopping, 159-60, 163 Johnson, Chalmers, 45 journalists, 20, 24, 29, 39, 40, 229, 240, 251, 266-8

Kahn, Herman, 23, 32 Kalleberg, Arne L., 175-6 Kamata, Satoshi, 177-9 Kansai Economic Federation, 203-4 karoshi (death from overwork), 184-5 keiretsu (groups), 55, 170, 204, 249, 263-4, 268 Kobayashi, Noritake, 110

284

Korea, 25, 29, 39, 56, 65, 128, 223, 251, 256-9 kudoka (hollowing), 29, 41, 256-8 Kyocera, 49, 210, 264

labor costs, 29, 76, 92, 227, 256 Labor Department (U.S.), 111 labor force, 92,95, 255, 268 land prices, 26, 30, 52, 101, 122-3, 132, 197-9, 213, 247 leisure, 101, 112, 134-9, 203, 265-6, 269 Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), 93-4, 265 "lifetime" employment, 85, 108, 111, 156-60, 170-3, 183-6, 188, 206, 268 Lincoln, James R., 175-6 loan sharks, 66

Macrae, Norman, 45-6, 50 Maekawa Plans, 57-8, 229, 233, 262 Management and Coordination Agency, 100, 128-9, 164 management system, 84-8, 104-10, 155-60, 169-92 manufacturing, 61-4, 76-8, 244, 249-50, 254-9, 269 market share, 105-9, 264, 268 Matsushita, 107, 210-1, 213, 215, 248 middle-class consciousness, 196-7, 203-4 Mieno, Yasushi, 245 Ministry of Agriculture, 88, 95-6, 261 Ministry of Finance (MOF), 45, 50-4, 95-6, 122-3, 242-3, 246-7, 261 Ministry of Health, 121, 261 Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), 45,47-50, 57, 65, 71,

95-6, 109, 117-8, 120, 146, 261, 263 Ministry of Labor, 132, 180, 184 Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, 49, 121 Ministry of Transport, 49, 121, 261 monetary policy, 51-2 Morgan, James & Jeffrey, 169 Morita, Akio, 112, 195,264

Nakasone, Yasuhiro, 46-7, 54, 57, 215 Nakatani, Iwao, 104, 110 Nakauchi, Isao, 262 NEC, 107 nepotism, 214-5 Nevins, Thomas J., 169 newly industrialized countries (NICs), 25, 55, 72, 76, 256, 259 Nihon Keizai Shimbun, see Japan Economic Journal Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), 121-2, 124 Nixon shock, 29, 38 Nomura, 200

285

Occupation, 33-4 Odaka, Kunio, 85-6, 157-8, 181 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 37, 76-7,

206 office ladies (OLs), 83, 89-90, 203 Ohta, Hajime, 81 oil crises, 30, 37-8, 65 old age, 140-8, 185-6, 206, 233, 268 Osano, Kenji,213 Ouchi, William, 155 overtime, 79, 112-3, 133, 265

people, 97, 102-3, 119-20, 202^ , 217, 221-2, 228, 231-2, 234-5 petrochemicals, 37, 49, 65, 121 planning, 45-8 Plaza Accord, 38, 57 politicians, 92-4, 97, 110, 124-5, 145-6, 201-2, 214-5, 231-4, 237-8, 263,

265 Prime Minister's Office, 134, 180, 237 productivity, 33, 62, 69, 72, 75-84, 88, 107, 112, 176-8 profitability, 69-70, 91, 104-10, 122, 255-6, 264 protectionism, foreign, 56, 226; Japanese, 55-6, 68, 116-7, 120, 251-4 public opinion polls, 21, 128, 134-5, 137-8, 140-1, 152, 160, 161-2, 164,

180-1, 184-5, 191-2, 195-6,236-7,266 public works, 51, 53, 124-5, 132, 225

quality control, 63, 79-82, 133, 177-8, 189 quality of life, 127-47,269

railways, 53, 97, 121, 124, 129-30 Reading, Brian, 266-7 real estate, 243-4, 246-9, 269 Recruit, 160 reform (economic), 260-5 Rengo, 101 revisionism, 7-8

salaryman, 19, 81-3, 136-8, 151-2, 172, 179-86 Sasaki, Hajime, 107 savings, 50-1, 142, 164-5 scandals, 52, 197,200 social security, 54, 142-6 services, 66-7, 90-2, 225-6 Shimomura, Osamu, 38-9 shipbuilding, 26, 65, 256 shokku (shocks), 28-32, 37

286

Singapore, 25, 223 Small and Medium Enterprise Agency, 70-1 small companies, 69-72, 77, 151, 204-6 Sony, 42, 49, 107, 112, 195, 248, 264 Stalk, George, 207 standard of living, 12, 100, 238 statistics, 13, 25-8, 33, 100, 103, 220 stock market, 30, 41, 52, 122, 198-201, 243-4, 246-9 subcontracting, 70-1, 77, 91, 157 Sugahara, Mariko, 164 Suzuki, Zenko, 214

Taiwan, 25, 39, 56, 65, 223, 251, 256 Takahashi, Nobuaki, 238 Takeda, Kunitaro, 88 Takeshita, Noburo, 54, 215 targeting, 47-50, 62, 65, 71, 116, 120-3, 220 tatemae (illusion), 19, 143, 150, 153 taxes, 53-4, 201-2, 213, 216, 225 technology, 35-6 tokkin accounts, 244 Tokyo, 18-9, 93, 100, 129, 203-4, 214 Towers Perrin, 207 Toyo Keizai, 88, 207 Toyoda, Shoichiro, 262 Toyota, 110, 176-9,215,262 trade friction, 17, 29-30, 36, 38-9, 54-9, 226, 228, 250-3

unemployment, 27-8, 113, 156, 255 United Nations, 186 United States, 26-7, 29-30, 33-6, 38-9, 53, 55-9, 68, 76-8, 88, 93, 99-101,

104, 114-5, 128, 131, 133, 142, 175-6, 180, 191,202,206-7,224,231, 245, 250-2, 255

Van Wolferen, Karel, 230 Vogel,Ezra, 155, 169

wages, 111-5, 155, 158-9, 164, 179, 183, 186, 197,205-7,227,245,255, 268

Wall Street Journal, 29 welfare, 12, 17, 28, 95, 113, 140-7, 225, 268 women, 81-3, 90, 112-3, 137-8, 157, 164, 172-3, 186-92, 205-6, 208, 235,

267 Wood, Christopher, 266-7

287

worker, blue-collar, 79-81, 172, 174-80, 189-90, 205; peripheral, 113, 142. 156-7, 171-3, 204-6, 212; white-collar, 77-88, 172, 179-86, 189-90, 205, 208, 268

work will, 149-60,227,265 World Bank, 34

Yamaha, 107, 181 yen, 29-31, 242, 253-5, 258-9 see also exchange rates Yomiuri Shimbun, 102, 134 youth, 161-5, 180, 183,231,233-5

Zaiteku, 244