175© The Author(s) 2017M.H. Hassan, Civil Disobedience in Islam, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3271-4

Books & Articles

`Abd ‘Alla h, ‘Ibra hım Najih and Al-Sharıf, Alıy Muh ammad Alıy (2002), Hurmat al-ghuluw fı al-dın wa takfır al-muslimın (The Prohibition of Extremism in Religion and Excommunicating Muslims), Qahirah: Maktabat Al-Tura th Al-Islamıy.

`Abd Al-Rahman, Mahmud bin (2012), Shubuhat hawl ‘ahda th Misr 25 Yanayar (Confusion Around Egypt’s 25 January Incidents), Qahirah: Da r Al-‘Istiqamah.

Abou El Fadl, Khaled (2002), Rebellion & Violence in Islamic Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Abu Nimer, Muhammad (2000–1), “A Framework of Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam”, Journal of Law and Religion, vol. 15, no. 1–2.

——— (2008), A Framework for Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam, Muis Occasional Paper Series, no. 6.

Abu Zahrah, Muh ammad (no date), ‘Usul Al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence), Qahirah: Dar Al- Fikr Al-`Arabıy.

Ahmad, Aijaz (2005), “Frontier Gandhi: Reflections on Muslim Nationalism in India”, Social Scientist, vol. 33, no. 1–2, January–February.

Ah mad, Suhayl and Abu Mariyah, `Alıy (2012), “Al-‘Id ra b `an al-`amal – dirasah muqaranah bayn al-qanu n wa al-fiqh al-‘Isla mıy (Workplace Strike  – A Comparative Study Between Law and Islamic Jurisprudence)”, Majallat Jami`at Al-Najah Li Al-‘Abha th (Al-`Ulum Al-‘Insa nıyah), vol. 26, no. 6.

Algar, Hamid (2001), “The Centennial Renewer: Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and the Tradition of Tajdid”, Journal of Islamic Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, September. (n1).

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internet resources

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“Wasatıyah ‘Ahl Al-Sunnah Wa Al-Jama`ah wa ‘atharuha f ı `ila j al-ghulu w (Wasatıyah of Sunni and Its Effect in Treating Extremism)” (1426-7H), Majallat Al-Buhuth Al-‘Islamıyah, vol. 77, available at http://www.alifta.net/Fatawa/fatawaDetails.aspx?languagename=ar&View=Page&PageID=11337&PageNo=1&BookID=2 (9 December 2015).

Wright, Alex (2015), “Egyptian top cleric says Muslims ‘must obey’ Sisi”, Al-Araby Al-Jadeed, 28 July 2015, available at http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/blog/2015/7/28/prophet-says-shut-up-and-obey-sisi-according-to-ex-mufti (27 August 2015).

ya qut, Muhammad Mus`id (2008), “Thuma mah bin ‘Uthal… ra ’id al-muqata`ah al-‘Isla mıyah (Thumamah bin ‘Uthal … A Role Model for Islamic Boycott)”, Al-Mujtama`, no. 1827, available at http://www.saaid.net/mktarat/flas-teen/197.htm (9 December 2015).

yavuz, M. Hakan (2002), “The Sufi Conception of Jihad: The Case of Said Nursi”, International Bediüzzaman Symposium  - Globalization and Ethics and Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s Risale-i Nur, Turkey, available at http://www.iikv.org/academy/index.php/sympeng/article/view/1015 (14 December 2015).

Zaqaqıy, Ahmad (2011), “Fiqh al-muqa ta`ah (Islamic Jurisprudence of Boycott)”, hespress.com, 20 November, available at http://www.hespress.com/writ-ers/41626.html (9 December 2015).

Za`tarıy, `Ala’ Al-Dın (no date), “Al-Muqata`ah al-iqtisa dıyah sila h al-‘aqwiya’ (Economic Boycott is Weapon of the Powerful)”, alzatari.net, available at http://www.alzatari.net/print-research/142.html (14 December 2015) (Z29)

199BIBLIOGRAPHy

Zainul Abidin, Mohd Asri (2011), “Regim yang zalim mesti ditukar (Unjust Regime Must Be Changed)”, drmaza.com, 11 February, available at http://drmaza.com/home/?p=1356 (14 February 2016).

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——— (2013), “Demonstrasi dan ketaatan kepada pemimpin/larangan berlebih-lebihan (Demonstration and Obedience to Authority/Extremism is Prohibited)”, Youtube, 12 May, available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_9W6PF4PRE (14 February 2016).

201© The Author(s) 2017M.H. Hassan, Civil Disobedience in Islam, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3271-4

Index

AAbbasid, 28, 60, 74, 159, 160`Abd ‘Alla h

bin Al-Zubayr, 29, 55, 60, 61, 154, 159

bin Hasan, 60bin Mas`u d, 87bin `Umar, 65 (see also ‘Ibn `Umar)Al-Faqıh, 98

`Abd Al-Malık, 65`Abd Al-Rahma n bin `Awf, 133abhorrence, 36ablution, 150Abraham, 52abuse, 14, 32, 102, 131, 136academic, 2, 3, 5, 7, 159activism, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45, 46, 90activist, 2, 5, 7, 10–12, 14–16, 18, 38,

76, 94, 103, 113, 128, 135, 138, 140, 169

actor, 14–15, 85, 94, 115, 125, 170adab, 165Al-`Adah muh akkimah, 94

Al-`Adawı y, Mustaf a, 96, 118n69adultery, 151advantage, 70, 88, 159, 164

dis-, 31, 46Afghanistan, 103African National Council, 11agreement, 47n4, 88, 90, 105, 114,

134, 140, 142, 143, 156, 157‘Ah ad, 149, 152, 158‘ahl

al-bid`ah, 165al-d alal, 165

‘Ah mad bin Hanbal, 28, 29, 74, 160`A’ishah, 55, 60, 61, 133, 134, 136,

153Al-‘Alba nıy, 35, 44, 96, 118n66,

119n69, 119n72, 124n128, 144n10

alcohol, 30, 90, 95, 107, 131Algeria, 58, 63`Alıy bin ‘Abı Talıb, 55`Alla m, Shawqıy, 167, 174n36allegation, 64, 86

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” denote notes.

202 INDEX

allegiance, 24, 27, 30, 37, 45, 62, 65, 127, 152, 153, 158, 171

alternative, vi, 29, 31, 40–4, 46, 69, 95, 96, 135

Al-`Alwa n, Sulayma n, 86, 174n31American, 8, 9, 13‘Amır, 27‘amr bi ma`ru f, 25`Amr bin Al-`As, 55analogy, 63, 106, 133, 155

analogous, 88, 94, 105analysis/es, v, viii, 3–6, 18, 31, 44, 46,

60, 100, 115, 135, 138, 143, 147–74

anarchy, 36, 37, 39, 40, 69, 73, 138, 159

‘Anas bin Ma lik, 32, 55ancient, 7‘Ansar, 43, 86

‘Ansarıy, 54apostate, vii, 30, 47n4, 64, 112,

123n126, 142, 170Apostle, 26, 65application, 3, 10, 131, 138approach, vii, 1, 5, 13, 18, 35, 39, 40,

69, 73, 157, 163Arab

Arabic, 3, 47n4, 48n13, 68, 80n98, 103

Spring, v, vi, 2, 4, 8, 9, 85argument, v, vi, vii, 3, 6, 23–82, 85–9,

91, 92, 98–101, 104–12, 114, 128–30, 133, 139, 141, 153, 155, 160, 169, 171

armed, vi, 6, 11, 24, 25, 27, 30, 31, 33, 39, 43, 52, 59, 63, 64, 69, 71, 74–6, 91, 99, 101, 112, 139, 155

army, vi, 11, 60, 72, 87, 88, 106, 108of Destitute/Meagre Means, 108

‘Ashab Al-Kahf, 110, 123n123Ash`arite, 57, 101Al-`Asqala nıy, ‘Ibn Hajar, 34

assertion, 43, 85, 135assessment, viii, 3, 136, 138, 161–3,

165, 169, 170atheism, 38attack, 82, 88, 90

the 9/11, 2attainment, 95audio, 18authentic, 75, 151, 158

authenticity, 53, 85, 149, 150, 152–4, 156

author, v, 4, 30, 104, 173authoritarian, 2, 8, 12, 13, 15–17, 58,

73, 164, 169, 170, 172authority, vi, vii, 5, 6, 14, 16–18, 24,

26, 28, 31, 33, 34, 47n4, 57, 59, 62, 65, 66, 68, 83, 84, 92, 97, 104, 105, 107, 109, 127, 130, 131, 160, 169, 171

awareness, 126, 170Al-`Awdah, Salma n, 85, 123n122Al-‘Azhar, 94, 97, 124n128

Bbadal, 72Badiuzzaman Sa`id Nursi, 37Al Badr, `Abd Al-Muhsin Al-`Abbad, 35Badshah, 72Baghdad, 30, 55, 101‘Abu Bakr, 55, 59, 60, 88balance, viii, 24, 60, 101, 138, 147,

148, 157, 159, 161, 163, 173Balhaj, Al-‘Amın, 101banditry, 99, 160Banu Hanıfah, 106, 107Al-Barbaharıy, ‘Abu Muhammad, 33basis, 10, 14, 26, 27, 29, 35, 36, 42,

47n1, 56, 63, 64, 74, 87, 92, 105, 107, 109, 110, 113, 132, 135, 138, 148, 153, 155, 165, 166, 168, 170

203INDEX

Basrah, 30battle, 60, 61, 134

of Naha wand, 153bay`ah, 24, 25, 27, 45, 65–8

Bay`at Al-Rid wan, 87behaviour, vi, 31, 39, 46, 103, 105,

132, 159, 160Beijing, 8believer, 65, 72, 110benefit, 2, 24, 36, 37, 41, 43–5, 68,

69, 76, 85, 90–2, 96, 99–105, 129, 137, 139, 140, 148, 160, 173

bequest, 150Bible, 150bid`ah, 23, 34–5, 66, 68, 75, 76,

82, 84, 86, 92, 100, 114, 126, 165

blockade, 105, 106blood, 137, 151bloodshed, 37, 60, 83, 138body, 15, 28, 58, 74, 83, 104, 110,

130, 131book, v–viii, 1–5, 9, 15–19, 30, 45,

52, 56, 57, 62, 65, 66, 90, 97, 103, 110, 115, 123n123, 125, 126, 133, 142, 143, 149, 152, 166, 170

boycott, vii, 17, 75, 81, 103–14, 126, 168, 172

breach, 91, 93breakdown, 38Britain, 1

British, vi, 8, 13, 72brothel, 90brother, 39, 70, 76, 80n98, 85,

89, 91, 101, 111, 117n49, 121n101, 121n104, 121n105

brutal, vi, 72, 90bughah, 56, 57business, 6

CCaliphate, 38

caliph, 29, 32, 34, 47n4, 55, 56, 59–61, 65–7, 74, 83, 88, 90, 133, 153, 154, 159

CamelBattle of, 60, 61, 133, 153

campaign, 11, 12, 72, 94, 111, 115, 163–5, 168

candidate, 128, 138, 168carrion, 151Cave

People of the, 110, 111Cedar Revolution, 8central, 14, 24, 40, 51, 52, 63, 70, 95,

96, 99, 128chain, 133change, vi, 5–7, 9–15, 17, 38, 39,

42, 44, 53, 55, 63, 69, 73, 90, 91, 94, 103, 105, 107, 111–13, 127, 130, 131, 135, 139, 152, 159–61, 163, 164, 166, 167, 171, 172

chaos, 34, 36, 37, 40, 69, 73, 82, 83, 138, 140, 159

character, 76, 86, 114, 152charm, 89chief, 65Christian, 140, 141circumambulation, 88citizen, 7, 72, 87, 105, 133city, 8, 67civil disobedience, v–viii, 1–18,

23–148, 151–5, 157, 158, 161–73

classical, vi, 6, 25, 31, 37, 43, 57–62, 68, 74, 100, 131, 133, 154, 156, 159, 160, 166, 167

coalition, 10coercion, 31, 132collective, 10, 99, 103, 138colonial, 8, 13, 58, 72, 73

204 INDEX

combat, 99command, 33, 34, 37, 42, 47n4, 52,

58, 59, 62, 67, 68, 72–4, 84–9, 97, 99, 101, 105, 108–10, 152, 158

commendable, 85, 99commercial, 5, 7, 17, 171commission, 11, 130committee, 31companion, 28, 32, 34, 55, 58–61,

65, 72, 74, 85, 87, 88, 90, 95, 106–9, 115n11, 116n24, 134, 153, 156, 157

comparative, 97compassionate, 107compulsion, 65, 68compulsory, 10condition, vii, viii, 5, 24, 31, 41,

44, 45, 51, 52, 58, 61, 62, 64, 67, 70, 84, 85, 91, 93, 97, 98, 101, 102, 113, 115, 125–7, 131, 135, 136, 138–43, 168, 170–2

confiscation, 63, 137conflict, 17, 39, 40, 47n4, 57, 73,

139, 153, 163confrontation, 37confusion, 130conscience, 12, 37, 39conscientious objector, 10, 14conscription, 15, 63

conscript, 10consensus, 26, 30, 45, 57, 59, 74,

125, 137, 153–6consequence(s), 12, 13, 31, 44, 45,

60, 61, 64, 82, 83, 127, 129, 130, 137, 138, 159–62

conservative(s), 130–2, 134, 142, 160consideration(s), 3, 15, 36, 130, 134,

137, 147, 160–2, 168, 170–3constitution, 1, 8consultation, 65, 68, 133

contemporary, v, vi, 4, 6, 7, 24, 26, 33–5, 45, 55, 57–9, 61, 67, 69, 72, 75, 85, 89, 94, 98, 100, 103, 106, 107, 113, 123n126, 125, 129, 142, 152, 153, 166

contempt, 23, 32–4, 40, 41, 45, 82, 110, 129, 130, 171

contention, 16, 90, 113contentious, vii, viii, 6, 7, 9–11, 13,

31, 60, 61, 63, 81, 114, 131, 132, 136, 147, 148, 160

contestation, 32context(s), vii, viii, 4, 7, 11, 14, 15,

18, 24, 29, 34, 51, 58, 59, 61, 63, 65, 84, 92, 94, 99, 101–4, 110, 114, 126, 131, 133, 139, 147–9, 158–61, 163–8, 171, 173

contract, 65, 93controversial, 95, 114, 172convention, 94, 167conviction, 10, 25, 31, 39corporation(s), 89, 92corruption(s), 40, 52, 53, 70, 73, 82,

84, 97, 115n3, 126, 143corrupt, 15, 17, 26, 29, 32, 44,

54–6, 58, 59, 67, 69, 72, 74, 85, 90, 91, 103, 104, 110, 111, 113, 127, 129–31, 137, 138, 141, 142, 152, 158–60, 171, 172

cost(s), 15, 24, 36, 44, 66, 159, 164, 165

counsel, 25, 37, 66, 67, 74, 75, 84, 140, 142, 170, 172

country(ies), v, vi, viii, 4, 11–14, 17, 35, 46, 72, 76, 83, 91–3, 103, 125, 126, 128–30, 140–2, 167

coup d’état, 8, 37, 45, 64, 85, 94, 167, 168

court, 31, 93, 101, 133covenant(s), 89, 93, 151

205INDEX

creation, 39, 56creative, 71creed, 26, 57, 91crime(s), 14, 99, 160criminal(s), 13, 63criteria, 9, 10, 137, 156culture, 58, 72, 132, 157, 159, 160curse, 33, 53, 70, 71, 90, 94, 129

cursing, 32, 82

Ddancing, 132Dar Al-Fatwa , 101al-darurıyat al-khams, 97al-dalıl

al-qat ıy/qat ıy, 147, 150al-z annıy/zannıy, 148–50

daring, 99data, 163, 165databases, 2da`wah, 37, 39, 42–4, 46, 64, 75, 82,

85, 86, 89, 90, 135, 139, 140, 142, 170

death, 27, 43, 55, 60, 88, 95, 97–9, 101–3, 110, 114, 133, 172

debate(s), v, vii, viii, 2, 4–7, 9, 11, 13, 24, 45, 59, 63, 81, 94, 104, 113, 114, 132, 147, 153, 158, 165–9, 171, 172

decision(s), 88, 128, 138, 161decorum, 41, 45decree, 42deed(s), 43, 44, 85, 96, 100, 101,

108, 109, 152defence

defending, 58, 63, 89, 93, 98, 99, 109, 125

self, 10, 63, 68definition(s), 9, 17, 61, 94, 111,

154–7delusion, 83

demand(s), 12, 13, 33, 92–4, 102, 141–3, 158

democracydemocratic, 8, 11–17, 63, 91, 164democratisation, 3

demonstration(s), vii, 11, 16, 17, 34, 35, 75, 76, 81–92, 94, 102, 113, 115, 126, 132–4, 140–2, 167, 168, 172

denunciation, 86, 97department, 97desperation, 100destruction, 24, 36, 37, 83, 95, 138,

140, 154deviation, 15, 91devil(s), 28, 58devotional, 96, 98, 100Al-Dhahabıy, 56dichotomy, 58al-dilalah, 149, 150disagreement(s), 81, 97, 114, 128,

131, 143, 148, 151–3, 157, 165, 166, 168, 171

disbelief, 30, 31, 47n4, 51, 62, 76, 126–31, 137, 143

disbeliever(s), vii, 35, 98, 129–31, 141, 142

discipline(s), 2, 72, 83, 114, 163, 173discord, 38, 57discouragement, 97discrimination, 13, 14, 38disliked, 68, 85, 106disorder, 39, 40, 137disputable, 29, 68disruption, 36, 83, 132, 136–8, 167dissent, 159diversity, 3, 4, 169divine, 39, 43, 89, 108, 109, 134,

147, 156, 165division, 83, 142, 166, 169dog, 150domain, vi, 14, 75

206 INDEX

dominant, 23, 45, 46, 55, 58, 59, 74, 87, 143, 157–60

doubt, 31, 75, 83, 129, 140, 141, 156, 170

drunkards, 83duty(ies), 11, 12, 15, 24, 25, 34, 39–41,

44, 54, 58, 65, 67, 68, 70, 84, 89, 90, 93, 96, 98, 99, 109, 130, 132, 134, 139, 140, 153

Eeasy, 45, 70, 136, 148Egypt, 1, 2, 30, 85, 94, 104, 167–9

Egyptian, 8, 76, 111, 112, 139elders, 32, 39election(s), 12, 63, 88, 91, 104, 133,

167, 168elites, 42emigrant, 108, 109employees, 7, 14, 93, 94employer(s), 6, 7, 14, 92–4employment, 44, 93, 134endeavour, 4, 5, 39endorsement, 54, 61, 87, 99, 107endowment, 96enemy(ies), 30, 35, 45, 64, 88, 90, 99engineer

agricultural, 111English, v, 2, 3, 7equal, 67, 88, 96essential(s), 93, 97, 100, 114, 148establishment, 1, 63, 64, 169, 170ethic(s), 33, 148, 165ethical, 5, 172Ethiopia, 87

Ethiopian, 66evidence

definitive, viii, 54, 114, 147–58, 165, 166, 168, 173

non-definitive, viii, 114, 148–50, 152, 153, 157–60, 165, 173

evident, 30, 61, 62, 64, 95, 127

evil(s), 25, 34, 38, 40–4, 46, 52, 53, 59–61, 67, 69–71, 74–5, 83–6, 89, 92, 97, 98, 109, 110, 135, 137, 140, 152, 170

example(s), vi, viii, 10, 13, 15, 23, 25, 34, 47, 47n1, 58, 60, 64, 66, 73, 75, 86, 88–90, 107, 108, 110, 111, 126, 134, 137–9, 148, 151, 153, 156, 160, 163, 167–9

excuse(s), 132, 141exegesis, 33, 110exercise, 104expedition, 54, 86, 108export, 103, 106external, 64, 82, 103, 135, 158, 159,

164

Ffacets, 70, 81facilities, 36, 93factor(s), vii, viii, 5, 18, 31, 47, 51, 57,

58, 69, 126, 135, 148, 149, 157, 158, 161, 166, 167, 169, 173

failure(s), 63, 64, 163fair, 14, 31faith, 26, 39, 41, 53, 63, 72, 75, 87,

93, 97, 110, 111, 125, 128, 130, 151

family, 37, 63, 97, 116n28, 133, 138, 158

fara’id, 150Al-Farisıy, Salma n, 74, 75fasiq, 141fasting, 95–8, 100, 102, 134, 141,

150, 151, 156fatwa, 55, 60, 94, 96, 103–5, 113,

118n62, 119n76, 120n91, 124n128, 131, 159, 166, 167

Al-Fawzan, S alih, 26, 33, 34, 83, 98, 102, 141, 145n47

fear, 32, 66, 83, 90, 97, 109, 130fever, 88

207INDEX

fighting, 13, 14, 40, 55, 56, 58, 71, 72, 74, 89

financial, 15, 82, 126fiqh, 3fire, 39, 54, 72, 87, 109fitnah, 37flaunt, 89focus(es), vii, viii, 1–4, 7, 17, 18, 39,

42, 46, 75, 85, 92, 104, 126, 135, 142, 166

food, 94, 98, 111, 137, 138refuser, 102

forbidden, vii, 11, 23, 26, 29, 32, 34, 44, 45, 51–75, 82, 84, 85, 89, 91, 92, 98, 100, 103, 105, 108, 109, 114, 126, 131, 134, 136, 141, 151, 153, 160

force(s), 8, 39, 41, 58, 60, 63, 66, 68, 90, 101, 106, 111, 158, 159, 169

foreign, 8, 17, 45, 73, 82, 84, 90, 104, 105, 114, 126, 135, 164

form(s), v, vii, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14–18, 25, 31, 34, 35, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 52–4, 71, 75, 76, 81–124, 126, 133, 152, 153, 160, 168–70, 172

France, 58fraudulent, 104freedom, 13, 44free-mixing, 82, 83, 89, 132fundamental(s), 12, 47n1, 74, 83

GGaza, 82, 90genders, 82generation(s), 35, 48n12, 55, 59, 82,

153, 155gentleness, 53, 70Georgia, 8Germany, 8Al-Gha midıy, Muh ammad bin

‘Ibra hım, 98

Global, 58goal(s), 12, 39, 91, 141, 162God, 1, 26, 38, 39, 41–4, 46, 47n4,

56, 61, 64, 72, 98, 108, 109, 128, 129, 132, 135, 142, 150, 151, 154, 156, 158, 165

God-consciousness, 89good, 3, 4, 13, 14, 25, 32–4, 36, 37,

40–4, 46, 47, 52–4, 57, 59–62, 67, 69, 71, 74–5, 84–7, 96, 99, 100, 102, 106, 111, 131, 136–40, 142, 148, 152, 166, 170, 172

GoogleBooks, 2Scholar, 2

governance, 113government, v, vii, 7, 8, 12–14, 16,

17, 37–9, 47, 70, 73, 76, 91, 92, 97, 103–5, 112, 113, 126, 139, 141, 167–70

governor(s), 43, 47n4, 53, 55, 60, 67grave, 39, 62, 129, 130grievance(s), 7, 12, 90ground(s), vii, 7, 13, 15, 23–40, 45,

47n4, 74, 75, 82, 84, 90, 101, 102, 105, 107, 111, 136, 141, 162, 163, 168, 171

group(s), 8, 10, 11, 25, 39, 47n4, 57, 63, 76, 90, 91, 94, 95, 101, 111–13, 131, 137, 170

guidance, 27, 42, 58, 105, 142, 161, 169

HHadıth, 23, 26–30, 32–5, 37, 41–3,

45, 52–5, 58, 59, 61–8, 70–2, 74, 75, 84, 86–9, 92–6, 99, 100, 103, 105–7, 109–11, 127, 128, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 149, 150, 152, 155, 158, 166

‘ahl al-Hadıth, 29

208 INDEX

al-hajr, 103hakim, 64, 67hala l, 30, 95, 127Al-Hamd, Khabbab bin Marwan, 98,

118n72, 119n73Hammad bin Sulayma n, 56Hanafite, 56Hanbalite

Hanabilah, 86Hanbali, 86

Al-Hanbalıy‘Ibn Rajab, 72Al-Sharıf ‘Abu Ja`far bin `Isa, 100,

144n7handmaidens, 135haram, 25, 30, 35–6, 45, 97, 105,

115n2, 129, 136Al-Harım Al-Tahirıy, 101harm(s), viii, 24, 36, 37, 45, 61, 62,

67–9, 71, 76, 82–5, 90, 92–101, 103, 107, 115, 135–8, 140, 143, 148, 159, 160, 171

harmony, 34, 40, 73, 137Harrah, 61

Battle of, 60, 154harsh, 41

harshness, 53, 70Hasan, 149hatred, 39, 71Haykal, Muh ammad Khayr, 65, 67–9,

78n50, 78n56, 78n69, 79n71, 79n74, 79n91, 143n6, 144n7, 144n8, 144n10, 145n25, 145n26, 145n30, 145n36

health, 93, 137hear, 30, 108, 109, 127heaven, 52, 88hell, 39, 108, 110hermits, 111Hijaz, 29Hijr, 136hijrah, 44, 112Hila lıy, Sa`ad Al-Dın, 97

home(s), 8, 33, 87, 89, 94, 134honour(s), 18, 33, 63, 98, 99hope, 7, 100, 104, 166horror, 83hostile, 42, 103, 126hostility, 27, 30, 71, 166Hudaybıyah

Peace Agreement, 88Al-Huddah, ‘Abu Yusuf, 96human, 28, 47n4, 58, 61, 135, 148,

151, 156, 165rights, 13, 14, 97

humanitarian, 82humanities, 2, 163, 173humility, 59, 166hunger, vii, 17, 81, 94–103, 113, 114,

168, 172Husayn bin `Alıy, 29, 60husband(s), 87, 109, 116n28, 133hypocrite(s), 108

I`ibadah mahd ah, 100‘Ibad ıyah, 4‘Ibn Al-`Arabıy, 57‘Ibn Al-Nuhas, 32‘Ibn Al-Qayyım, 44, 56, 90‘Ibn `Aqıl, 56, 122n107, 123n115‘Ibn Baz, 33, 133, 135, 137‘Ibn Hajar, 27‘Ibn Hazm, 55, 72‘Ibn Jibrın, 114, 168‘Ibn Muflih, 56‘Ibn Razın, 56‘Ibn Rushd, 57‘Ibn Taymıyah, 28, 35–7, 44, 55, 57‘Ibn `Umar, 108, 109. See also `Abd

‘Alla h, bin `Umar‘Ibn `Uthaymin, 33, 118n66, 118n69,

118n72, 130, 135, 137, 140, 141, 168

‘Ibrahım, 52, 60

209INDEX

Ibrahim, Anwar, 2`I d, 74, 88idol, 123n126, 128ignorance, 31, 68, 89, 123n126, 128,

129, 141`ijtihad, 59, 61, 75, 148, 154, 155,

165`ijma`, 26, 29–31, 34, 45, 59–61, 147,

149–60, 166al-ikhtila f, 165‘imam, 28, 53, 86, 167

mumtah an, 28imitation, 23, 35, 82, 92immolation

self, 94immutable, 29impact, vi, 4, 38, 95, 111, 140impediment, 138–40impurity, 150incident(s), 8, 9, 24, 54, 60, 72, 87,

99, 100, 102, 105, 133independent, 45, 73, 107, 169, 170India, vi, 1, 8, 13, 72, 73Indonesia, 2, 8industry, 6, 7, 14infallible, 61infidelity, 30, 31, 46, 61, 62, 64,

127infidel, 23, 51, 67, 76

information technology, 16inheritance, 139, 150inhibit, 31, 71, 160Al-‘Injıl, 150injunction, 23, 26, 29, 45, 47n1,

61, 86, 92, 128, 134, 136, 137

injury, 10, 93innocent, 37–9, 90, 137, 154innovation, 35, 47n1, 66, 164insight(s), 143, 163institution, 11, 112, 131, 159insurrection, 2intellect, 2, 4, 45, 97

interest, v, vi, 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 54, 59, 63, 76, 86, 90, 93, 99, 101, 102, 105, 133, 137, 160, 173

intermingling, 131, 134, 140international, 5, 7, 101, 171interpretation, 23, 26, 154, 158, 171intimidation, 83intra, 4invasion, 99Iran

Iranian constitutional revolution, 1Shah, 1, 8

Iraq, 103Irish Republican Army, 111`Isa, 150Islam

intellectual heritage, 2, 4Islamic, 2, 23, 54, 83, 127, 150Islamism, 2Islamist(s), 2studies, v–viii, 1–7, 69, 70, 98, 139,

148, 152, 155, 161–3, 165–7, 171, 172

Israel, 82, 90, 94, 96, 102–4, 126, 136, 168

issue(s), vi–viii, 2, 4–7, 15, 17, 18, 24, 26, 28, 29, 33, 40, 45–7, 48n13, 55–8, 60, 63, 67, 68, 73, 75, 76, 81, 83, 86, 91, 92, 99, 101, 103, 104, 107, 108, 112–15, 125–45, 147–9, 152–7, 159, 160, 163, 166–8, 170, 173

Jjahilıyah, 27, 43, 76, 111, 112Al-Jama`ah Al-Isla mıyah, 123n128,

139Jama`at

Al-Muslimın, 111Al-Takf ır Wa Al-Hijrah, 112,

123–4n128Al-Jassas, 56

210 INDEX

Al-Jawzıyah, ‘Ibn Qayyim, 36Jaysh Al-`Usrah, 108Jews, 105, 141Jihad

Jihadism, vi, 2Jihadist, vi, 63, 76, 86, 91, 169, 170

job, 93Jonah, 99journal, v, 2judge(s), 44, 47n4, 64, 101, 128, 129,

131judgement, 13, 53judicial, 131, 160Jum`ah, `Alıy, 167, 174n33jurisprudence

jurisprudential, v, viii, 3–7, 18, 24, 58, 158, 159, 161

ministry of, 96school of, 28, 29, 55, 56, 86, 156,

157justice

injustice, 14, 16, 17, 25, 33, 39, 43, 44, 46, 52–4, 57–9, 62, 63, 68, 73, 83–6, 89, 90, 97, 113, 115, 126, 127, 137, 138, 143, 152, 165, 170, 172

just, 39, 52–4, 58, 91, 134, 152unjust, 52–4, 60, 69, 73, 90, 105,

152justification, vi, 23, 75, 76, 109–11Al-Juwaynıy, 57

KKa`bah, 87, 88, 136Karbala , 60, 154Al-Karkh, 90Khan, Abdul Ghaffar, vi, 1, 8, 72, 73

Badshah Khan, 72Kharijite, 25, 26, 32, 47n4, 57, 153,

159, 166, 167Al-Khawlanıy, ‘Abu Muslim, 33

khilaf ıyah, viii, 114, 147, 148, 153, 165–6

Khudai Khidmatgar, vi, 1, 8, 72, 73Khud ayr, `Alıy, 86, 144n9Al-Khudrıy, ‘Abu Sa`ıd, 74, 75khuru j, vii, 6, 23–32, 36, 37, 44–6,

51–75, 82, 85, 92, 103, 105, 114, 126, 135, 141–3, 152–5, 157, 158, 160, 166, 170

killing, 72, 97, 137king, 104King, Martin Luther, 8, 13, 21n31knowledge, v, 2, 3, 18, 29, 31, 86,

104, 107, 130, 143, 165Kufah, 30Kufr, vii, 30, 31, 61, 62, 64, 126, 127,

131, 141Kurdish, 39

Llabour, vii, 17, 18, 63, 81, 92–4, 96,

101, 113, 114, 172La inkar f ı masa ’il al-`ijtiha d, 165land, 63, 92, 94, 103, 114, 141, 156,

168law

lawful, 93, 129, 142, 151lawlessness, 137unlawful, 11, 12, 16, 23, 35, 93, 129

leader(s), 27, 28, 32, 33, 39, 43, 45, 46, 54, 58, 62–4, 66, 72, 107, 110, 112, 138, 167

Lebanon, 8legal, 3, 11, 12, 14, 23, 24, 33, 36, 37,

69, 72, 75, 87, 91, 92, 94, 96, 99–101, 105, 137, 159–61, 167

legitimate, 12, 14, 29, 45, 47n4, 52, 64–9, 84, 93, 96, 105, 125, 130, 131, 135, 152, 168

illegitimate, 35, 37, 45, 52, 63–9, 83, 94, 107, 152, 153

211INDEX

Levant, 29, 47n4, 60Library

British, 2of Congress, 2

Libya, 101life, 10, 37, 38, 40, 44, 58, 63, 66,

68, 82, 83, 94–101, 110, 138, 151, 170

liquid(s), 94, 98, 102literature(s), vii, 3, 6, 7, 9, 16–18, 45,

94, 113, 132lobby, 11, 12, 170local, 5, 7, 84, 90, 132, 157, 171looting, 131loss(es), 38, 71, 83, 100, 136–9Al-Luhaydan, S alih , 82, 115n3

MMafsadah, viii, 24, 36, 135–9, 147,

148, 154, 158, 160–5, 169–73Mahatma Gandhi, 8, 11, 13, 17, 72,

73mainstream, 70makruh, 85, 97Malaysia, 2Malik

Malikite, 55, 57Al-Ma likıy, Ulaysh, 58al-ma`lum bi al-dın bi al-darurah, 156mandate, 31, 64, 65, 67, 68man/en, 24, 28, 36, 43, 54, 58, 65,

66, 83, 86, 88, 89, 93, 94, 96, 106, 108, 110, 131, 132, 134, 135, 140, 151

manipulation, 85, 115manifestation, 16, 25, 42, 44, 59, 76,

82, 85, 86, 152, 153mani` shar`ıy, 31

mawani` sharı ah, 138–40mankind, 36, 42, 139man-made, 30

maqasid al-sharı ah, 95Al-Maqdisıy, ‘Abu Muhammad, 86march(es), 82, 83, 90, 134Marcos, Ferdinand, 8marry, 95martyrdom

martyr, 63Marwan bin Al-Hakam, 74Marxist, 76Maryam, 156mas’alah, 114ma`sıyah, 62maslahah, viii, 24, 29, 36, 90, 135–40,

147, 148, 160–5, 169–73masalih, 174n36

mass(es), 35, 40, 42, 91, 94, 102, 170material(s), vii, viii, 2–5, 15, 17, 18,

76, 103, 104, 125, 127, 138, 139, 163, 166, 167

Mawdu`, 149Mawlawıy, Faysal, 98maxim(s), 36, 37, 92, 94, 96, 99, 100,

137, 159, 161, 165, 167means, vi, 10–12, 29, 35, 37, 45, 46,

52, 58, 64, 68–70, 72, 73, 75, 83–6, 91, 97, 98, 100, 104, 106, 113, 135–6

Mecca, 30, 42, 60, 64, 73, 87, 88, 106, 107, 154

Meccans, 87, 88mechanism, 65, 152, 161media, 16mediation, 93, 153medical, 98, 102Medina, 30, 60, 64, 87, 105, 108,

112, 133Medinan, 154, 159

Mercy, 70Messenger, 154

of ‘Alla h, 28, 30, 32, 43, 54, 58, 86, 87, 93–6, 106, 110, 111, 116n28, 127, 133, 135, 151

212 INDEX

Mexican, 9middle, 73Middle East, 3migration, 44, 64, 112, 123n128military, 8, 10, 15, 54, 63, 76, 85, 86,

94, 103–6, 108, 167, 168Milosevic, Slobodan, 8mind(s), vi, 25, 38, 55, 58, 75, 130,

148, 163, 167Ministry of Islamic Affair and

Endowment, 96miscellaneous, 125, 140–2, 147misconduct, 84, 109misguidance, 66, 83, 128mobilisation, 90, 108, 111, 136modern, 1, 5, 6, 8, 57, 70, 75, 94,

143, 158modernist, 76

modesty, 83, 137monarchy, 158–60monk, 111, 129monotheism, 110moral, 5, 10, 12–15, 39, 69, 84, 102,

123n126, 170, 172immoral, 30, 31, 57, 63, 152, 158

Moses, 42, 43, 52, 136, 150Musa, 52, 136, 150

mosque, 83, 106, 112–13, 124n128movement, 1, 2, 7, 8, 39, 72, 131,

132mu`amalah, 75Mu`awiyah bin ‘Abu Sufya n, 55Mubah, 85, 105Mubarak, Husnıy, 8, 76, 85, 98, 167muftı, 31, 33, 58, 82, 83, 94, 167,

168Muhajir, 108, 109Muhammad bin `Abd Al-Wahhab, 89mujtahid, 155–7Muktazilite, 30, 48n13, 56, 57al-muqata`ah, 103, 120n100murder, 39, 61, 83, 139, 148, 151

Murji’ıy, 56Mursı, Muhammad, 76, 85, 104, 167,

168musbet hareket, 39music, 36, 82, 131, 132Muslim Brothers, 76, 85, 91, 101, 111Muslim-majority countries, 4Mustafa, Shukrıy, 111, 112, 123n127mutaghallib, 64Mutawa tir, 149, 150, 152Myanmar, 8

NAl-Nafs Al-Dhakıyah, Muh ammad, 60nahy ‘an munkar, 25Najd, 106narrator(s), 54, 87, 133Al-Nawawıy, 30, 56, 59, 62, 74, 153negotiation, 140neighbour, 93Nepal, 8Nimrod, 52non-violent, v, vi, vii, 2, 3, 6–8,

10–13, 15–18, 31, 39, 42, 52, 63, 69–73, 76, 82, 85, 86, 94, 99, 106, 139, 153, 163, 164

norm(s), 11, 14, 87, 94, 101, 158, 167North Western Province, 1Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP),

vi, 72, 73nourishment, 94nudity, 131Al-Nu`ma n bin Bashır, 55

Ooath, 24, 27, 65, 96obey, 6, 12, 15, 25, 26, 28, 30, 42,

43, 46, 47n4, 54, 56–9, 62, 65–8, 72, 84, 86, 87, 103, 127, 153, 160

213INDEX

obligatory, 25, 42–4, 53, 54, 58, 62, 63, 67, 68, 86, 87, 95, 105, 126, 128–30, 134, 137, 138, 156

obsolete, 30occupants, 99occupation, vi, 8, 73, 94, 103, 114,

126, 164, 168omission, 4, 11, 15opinion(s), 3, 12, 32–4, 43, 45, 51,

55, 59, 61, 62, 84, 85, 88, 115, 118n72, 119n73, 128, 133, 147, 149, 165, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172

opponent(s), 32, 37, 39, 55–7, 59, 60, 62–4, 66, 71, 74, 75, 87–90, 92, 100, 101, 105, 107, 112, 114, 127, 151, 162, 165, 166, 168, 169

opposite(s), 30, 53, 55, 56, 59, 68, 71, 79n95, 89, 105, 109, 128, 137, 139, 158, 162

oppression, 54, 168oppressive, 33, 38–40, 52, 53,

56, 71Orange Revolution, 8order(s), viii, 3–5, 8, 9, 17, 18, 28, 29,

31–3, 36–40, 42, 45, 47n4, 54, 57, 62, 63, 66, 68, 69, 73, 86, 87, 92, 97, 99, 102–4, 106, 112, 113, 125, 131, 136–8, 141, 148, 154, 155, 159, 160

orderliness, 83, 93ordinary, 38, 103, 109, 130, 131,

156, 167organisation, 10, 72, 97, 105, 131orientation(s), 5, 55, 76, 169overthrow, vii, 2, 6, 7, 16, 24, 25, 31,

33, 39–41, 44–6, 51, 52, 56, 58, 60, 64, 67, 73–5, 82, 84, 92, 125, 126, 129, 131, 134, 136, 137, 139, 152, 171, 172

overview, 9, 17

Ppacifist, 11pagan, 87–9, 97, 128Pakistan, 1, 73Palestine, 115n2, 121n101, 122n105,

122n106, 123n113, 123n114, 123n117, 126

Palestinian(s), 82, 94, 101, 103, 114, 168

Paradise, 53, 83parliamentary system, 1participation, 1, 40, 60, 61, 76, 89,

132–6, 164partisan, 38party, 38, 57, 63, 64, 93, 106, 140,

161, 163, 166passive, 39

passivity, 40, 42, 46, 73, 84, 170Pasthun, 72peace, 3, 6, 28, 32, 36, 45, 83, 88, 93,

108, 132, 137, 164peaceful, 2, 37, 39, 42, 44, 46, 58,

64, 69, 71–3, 76, 105people, v, vi, 2, 6–8, 10–12, 14,

16, 18, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 38, 39, 41–5, 53, 56, 59, 64–8, 72, 76, 81, 83, 88–91, 93, 95, 99, 106–11, 113, 128, 131, 132, 135–41, 158, 159, 167–9

permissible, viii, 3, 5, 16, 26, 30, 31, 41, 42, 46, 51–76, 79n95, 82, 84–94, 96–103, 105, 107, 113, 115, 125–7, 130–2, 134, 136–8, 140–2, 151–3, 161–3, 171–2, 174n36

permission, 39, 89, 94, 100, 101, 106, 107, 116n28, 133, 152, 172

perpetrators, 71persecution(s), 29, 42–4, 52, 73, 74,

89, 159personnel, 102

214 INDEX

perspective(s), 2, 3, 24, 34, 36–8, 42, 45, 75, 97, 98, 101, 102, 118n61, 118n70, 119n73, 119n83, 119n84, 119n88, 120n96, 120n97, 120n101, 121n104, 121n105, 122n108, 122n113, 122n114, 126

petition, 11, 12petty, 102Pharaoh, 43, 52phase, 38, 40Philippines, 8physical, 66, 88, 95, 98–103, 164picket, 34, 75, 82pilgrimage, 88, 100, 150pious, 38, 67pledge, 65

of Al-Rid wan, 87plunder, 83policy, v, 6, 7, 10–14, 17, 25, 38, 42,

46, 103, 136, 161, 162, 172political action(s), v, vi, vii, 1, 3, 9–11,

13–18, 38, 139, 140, 163political science, 7–16, 163politics, v, vi, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 18, 38,

40, 42, 45, 46, 70, 73, 118n62, 119n76, 120n91, 143

popular, 29, 142, 154, 155population(s), 4, 101, 105, 106pork, 95, 151power, 8, 14, 29–31, 37, 39, 47n47,

58, 61, 64–8, 72, 96, 97, 105, 114, 127, 128, 131, 138, 158, 159, 166

practitioner, 71, 72pragmatic, 10praiseworthy, 99prayer(s), 43, 71, 74, 82, 83, 100,

110, 124n128, 126, 129, 130, 132–4, 141, 142, 150, 154, 156

precedence, 37, 92precedent(s), 82, 86, 100, 159, 160

predecessor(s), 29, 32, 59, 74, 75, 82, 84, 89, 159

predicament, 101preference, 42, 69, 76, 86, 111, 158,

159premium, 73preservation, 99, 137president, 8, 104, 167pressure, 90, 95, 97, 103, 112prevalent, vi, 27, 55, 72, 87, 103, 130,

157, 160, 170prevention, 39, 83, 92Prime Minister, 104

Deputy, 2principle(s), vii, 10, 23, 34, 36, 38,

40, 47n1, 51, 71, 75, 85, 92, 93, 100, 125, 136, 138, 149, 155, 163, 172

prison, 102, 114, 118n72imprison, 29, 39, 63, 73, 75, 86,

94, 100, 101, 111, 160, 168privacy, 40private, 17, 32–4, 37, 41, 46, 59, 67,

74, 75, 84, 85, 92–4, 142, 170, 172

pro, 38–40, 46, 47, 70, 75, 76, 142, 169

process, viii, 9, 11, 37, 41, 42, 65, 66, 72, 88, 104, 127, 131–3, 160, 165

procession(s), 88, 132, 133product, 39, 103–5, 114, 120n101,

121n104, 121n105, 122n111, 122n112, 148

professor, 97prohibition, 23, 25–7, 29, 30, 32,

34–6, 42, 45, 46, 57, 62, 71, 74, 75, 86, 90, 91, 95–7, 100, 101, 103, 105, 137, 148, 151, 152, 154, 172

promiscuity, 137promise(s), 18, 19, 139, 151, 171, 173

215INDEX

promotion, 73, 83proof, 30, 61, 62, 64, 85, 127, 141,

162propaganda, 38, 90propagation, 37, 45, 82property, 10, 24, 36, 56, 58, 63, 66,

68, 82, 83, 98, 99, 106, 132, 137, 138

Prophet, 23, 27–30, 32–4, 42, 43, 52–5, 59, 60, 64–7, 72–4, 82–90, 94–100, 103, 105–10, 112, 116n28, 124n128, 128–30, 132–6, 151, 153–6

proponent(s), vii, 6, 25–7, 29–37, 40–2, 44–7, 53, 57, 59–63, 66–75, 82, 84–91, 93, 96–101, 104, 105, 107–10, 112–14, 125, 133, 141, 143, 153, 165, 166, 170

protection, 54, 87, 97, 100, 137protest, 2, 8, 9, 11, 13–17, 33, 35, 71,

72, 81–5, 87, 88, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 103, 114, 117n57, 132, 133, 136, 152, 153, 160, 168

provision, 106, 111, 137prudence, 36, 64, 127, 129, 136, 172

prudent, 13, 96, 129, 131, 141, 157

public, vii, 11–13, 15–17, 32, 34, 36–41, 46, 54, 59, 68, 74–6, 81–95, 99, 101, 102, 105, 110, 113–15, 126, 131–4, 137, 138, 140–2, 152, 153, 167, 168, 171, 172

punishment, 12–15, 26, 43, 103, 105, 106, 135, 160

QQatar, 58Qilqilıyah, 101Qiyas, 155

quietism, 40, 42, 46, 159, 170Quraysh, 87, 88, 106, 107, 136Al-Qurtubıy, 33, 56, 77n18

Rradical, 86, 160raid, 99rally, 72, 82Ramadan, 95, 117n54, 134, 151, 154,

156rational, vii, 23, 24, 36–40, 44, 45,

48n13, 90, 137, 138, 148, 161, 171

rationale, vii, 1–4, 7rationalisation, 25, 90reality, 4, 14, 18, 58, 166, 169reason, 3, 4, 10, 12, 14, 15, 38, 48n13,

55, 62–4, 66, 81, 90, 91, 93–6, 102, 104, 108, 110, 111, 113, 125, 134, 135, 137, 139, 140, 143, 150, 154, 157, 158, 160, 167

reasoning, 10, 15, 36, 104, 158rebellion, vi, 3, 6, 7, 11, 13, 24–7,

29–31, 40, 43, 45, 52, 55–7, 59–61, 64, 69–76, 91, 139, 152–7, 159, 160, 166

rebel(s), 129, 133recognition, 12–14, 133, 157reconciliation, 140recourse, 29, 93reflection, 71reform, 12, 13, 15, 17, 38–40, 45, 46,

72, 84, 126, 140Reformasi, 2refusal, 6, 11, 29, 54, 57, 87refutation, 68regime(s), 2, 6, 12, 13, 15–17, 40, 58,

71, 73, 85, 91, 131, 139, 142, 164, 170

regulations, 14, 92

216 INDEX

religion, vi, 23, 24, 34–7, 44, 47n1, 66, 74, 83, 86, 97, 106, 109, 118n62, 119n76, 119n88, 120n91, 156

repent, 31, 56, 108, 134repression, 159, 164resistance, vi, 9, 43, 68–71, 73, 74,

114, 139, 160, 168respect, 12, 14, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40, 58,

61, 73, 101, 109, 131, 149, 166resurrection, 52retaliate, 101revelation, 105, 128, 129, 156revenge, 39, 71, 72revolution, v, vi, 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 76,

167, 168the 1919 Revolution, 1, 8

reward, 70, 96, 99Rida, Rashıd, 58, 60, 77n27, 77n36,

78n47righteous, 29, 31, 32, 35, 38, 59, 67,

74, 75, 82, 84, 85, 91, 137, 152rights, 7, 8, 12–14, 16, 26, 28, 36, 38,

44, 68, 82, 89–91, 93, 94, 97, 101, 117n57, 125, 126, 138, 140, 141

rioting, 83, 131Risale-i-Nur, 40risk, 83, 85, 99–102, 114, 115, 136ritual(s), 88, 91, 95, 100road, 93Roman, 108root(s), 35, 38, 42, 45, 47, 59, 67,

72, 86Rose Revolution, 8rowdiness, 34

rowdy, 115n2, 132ruler, 2, 23, 51, 82, 125, 152ruling, viii, 3, 5, 16, 24, 29, 30, 42,

46, 64, 67–9, 76, 87, 91, 92, 97, 98, 107, 114, 117n49, 117n57, 119n70, 118n72, 119n76,

119n83, 119n88, 120n91, 120n96, 123n126, 128–31, 138, 139, 142, 147–9, 154–8, 160–9, 171

S abrıy, Mustaf a, 101sacrifice, 38, 96, 98, 99sacrilegious, 83sad al-dharı ah, 92safeguard, 33, 71safety, 82, 138Saffron revolution, 8S ahih, 30, 149, 150Salaf, 29, 32Salafism, 47Salaf ıy, 5, 47, 169salary, 93S alıh , `Alıy `Abd ‘Alla h, 8sanad, 133Satan, 38, 108Saudi Arabia, 33, 82, 83, 85, 86,

115n2, 132Sawm

-al-dahr, 96-wisal, 96, 98

scholar, 2, 24, 55, 85, 125, 148school(s), 4, 5, 28, 29, 45, 47, 48n13,

55, 56, 70, 86, 101, 112, 113, 152, 156–8, 165, 169

scriptural texts, viii, 2, 68, 74, 148scripture(s), 18, 30, 45, 58, 61, 110,

142, 148, 149, 157, 163, 165–8, 171, 173

seclusion, 44, 110, 111sect, 47n4sectors, 93secular

secularisation, 38secularism, 144secularist, 2

security, 38, 137segregation, 134selection, 88, 133

217INDEX

semantic, 16Serbia, 8Servants of God. See Khudai

Khidmatgarservice(s), 10, 15, 36, 39, 93, 114,

138Shafi`ite, 56Al-Shaf i`iy, 56ship, 99Sham, 30sharı ah, 30, 84, 95, 141, 142shar`ıy, 31Sharpe, Gene, 16Al-Shawkanıy, 59Al Al-Shaykh, S alih , 26shelter, 137Shevardnadze, Eduard, 8Shiite, 4, 151, 159Al-Shinqıtıy, ‘Abu Mundhir, 91Al-Shırazıy, ‘Abu ‘Ishaq, 90show(s), 13, 14, 41, 70, 72, 76, 82,

91, 110, 153, 160, 167, 168shura , 65Siberia, 37sick, 33, 95Siff ın

Battle of, 47n4, 60, 61, 153silence, 53, 90, 107Al-Simna wıy, 56sin, 26, 35, 69, 95, 127, 139

sinful, 62Sinn Fein, 11siphoning, 137Al-Sısıy, `Abd Al-Fatta h, 94, 167, 168sit-in, 11, 82, 83, 132situation(s), 3, 29, 38, 41, 42, 46, 63,

69, 70, 93, 95, 100, 102, 105, 111, 113, 126, 134, 138, 140, 142, 165

slander, 132slave, 66, 67sleep, 95, 96

socialmovement, 7sciences, 2, 16, 17, 163, 173

societyExcommunication and Migration,

112of Muslims, 111

sociology, 7, 163Socrates, 8soldier, 72solution, 71, 83, 91, 163source, 26, 82, 94, 99, 103, 104, 149,

154–7, 167sovereignty, 91speculative, 104speech, 26, 55, 59spirit, 12, 30, 39, 40, 59, 109stability, 29, 36–40, 68, 73, 159standpoint(s), viii, 4, 17, 73, 75, 142,

148, 154, 156, 158, 161–3, 165, 166, 168, 170

state(s), 2, 3, 11, 18, 39, 44, 62–4, 67, 69, 83, 92, 105, 110–12, 123n126, 141

static, 136storm, 99strand(s), vii, 23–33, 37, 46, 76strategic, 10, 13, 15, 163, 164strict, 31, 64, 70, 75, 101, 134, 172strife, 37, 57, 60, 83strike(s), vii, 17, 18, 34, 81, 82,

92–103, 113, 114, 168, 172tobacco, 1

stringent, 131student(s), 36

of knowledge, 86subject(s), 1–7, 14, 17, 29, 53, 55, 61,

63–5, 68, 103, 107, 110, 114, 147, 148, 154, 158, 161–3, 165, 166, 168, 169

success, 31, 135–6, 140, 143, 163–5Sudan, 2

218 INDEX

Al-Sudays, `Abd Al-Rah man bin S alih , 55

Suf ıy, 5, 47, 169Suharto, 2, 8suhur, 95suicide, 95, 97, 100–2, 172Sultan, 68Sunnah, 66, 67, 86, 95Sunni, 2, 4, 5, 7, 29, 30, 45, 55–8,

61, 76, 85, 143, 151, 153, 171surrender, 47n4, 105, 106, 128Suwayd bin Ghaflah, 59swearing, 82sweat, 93swine, 151symbol(s), 16, 74, 133, 141sympathy, 13, 15, 95, 97, 102, 160,

167, 168Syria, 2, 56system, 1, 11–14, 17, 63, 91, 158–60

TAl-Tabarıy, 60, 61Tabi`ın, 55tactic, 94tafsır, 97Al-Tahawıy, 30Tahrir, 76, 167, 168takf ır, vii, 30, 31, 64, 112, 113,

126–31, 141–3, 170takf ıri, 47n4

Talhah bin `Abd ‘Alla h, 55Al-Tamımıy, Taysır, 101tangible, 41, 99Al-Tarıf ıy, `Abd Al-` Azız, 98, 118n72taqwa, 66tashabbuh bi al-kuffa r, 35tawaf, 88Al-Tawrah, 150tax, 9, 11, 44, 63

technology, 16tenet, 63terminology, 13, 67, 68territory, 99, 141Al-Thaqaf ıy, Al-Hajja j bin Yusuf, 55Al-Thawrıy, 160theme(s), vii, 1–3, 6, 17, 51theology, 48n13, 149–50, 155

debate, vii, 2, 5, 81, 104, 113, 171theoretical, 131, 142, 166thinking, 70, 71, 137Thoreau, Henry David, 9, 13, 17,

19n10threat, 10, 26, 44, 66, 108, 132, 158throne, 150al-thubu t, 149, 150Thuma mah bin ‘Uthal, 106Tiananmen Square, 8tithe, 150tobacco concession, 1toleration, 90Torah, 150trade, 103, 151tradition(s), v, vi, 4, 23, 30, 35, 42,

45, 65, 72, 84, 86, 132, 167traditionalist, 5, 29, 76, 169

transgression, 63, 66, 68, 82, 83, 158transportation, 93, 138treacherous, 105treatise, 25, 40treatment, 7, 14, 43, 60, 94, 168tree(s), 106, 110trial, 31, 94, 114, 123n127, 131, 168truth, vi, 33, 34, 40, 53, 59, 61, 64,

73, 74, 83–5, 87, 91, 97, 99, 104, 108, 109, 115, 147–9, 157, 161, 165, 173

t-shirt, 16Tunisia, 2, 76tyranny, 37, 69, 89

tyrant(s), 57, 76, 84

219INDEX

UAl-`Ukbarıy, ‘Ibn Battah, 30Ukraine, 8`Umar, 55, 59, 65, 74, 87, 88, 98,

108, 109Al-`Umar, Ṇasir bin Sulayma n, 98Umayyad, 29, 55, 56, 60, 61, 74, 154,

158, 159‘ummah, 53, 83`umrah, 88, 106United Arab Emirate, 96United States of America (US), 8,

104, 105, 114University, 97unrest, 39, 83unscrupulous, 71, 85, 115uprising, 6, 75, 86, 167–9US. See United States of America (US)‘Ụsul Al-Fiqh, 138, 161usurpation

usurp, 66usurper, 29, 64

`Uthman, 60, 83, 87, 133utility, 71`uzlah, 44, 110, 111

Vvandalism, 131, 132verse(s), 26, 34, 37, 40, 43, 52, 64,

89, 95, 104, 105, 108, 109, 128, 149, 151–3, 158, 160

vice(s), 90vicegerent, 56video, 18Vietnam, 15view, 2, 9, 12, 18, 24, 26, 28–39, 41, 42,

44–7, 51–61, 63–5, 67–70, 72–6, 81–6, 88, 92, 93, 95–101, 107, 111, 114, 125–31, 133, 140–2, 147, 154, 157, 158, 160, 162, 166, 172

viewpoint, v–viii, 12, 13, 51, 58, 63, 72, 76, 82–103, 112, 125, 126, 131, 132, 141, 147, 148, 151–3, 155, 157–63, 165, 166, 169–73

village, 106violation, 83, 137violence, vi, 10, 11, 37–9, 45, 69–73,

99, 132violent, 25, 37, 57, 91, 159

non-violent, v, vi, vii, 2, 3, 6–8, 10–13, 15–18, 31, 39, 42, 63, 64, 69–74, 76, 82, 85, 86, 94, 99, 106, 139, 153, 163, 164

virgin, 156virtue, 7, 26, 52, 84, 89, 91vote, 12vow, 96, 97Vulgarity, 132

WAl-Wadi`ıy, Muqbil, 33, 135wage(s), 93, 99Wahabism, 89wajib, 105war

anti-war, 7World War, 37

wasa’il, 75Wasıt, 30wasıyah, 150weakness, 32, 130

weak, 44, 62, 74, 87, 101wealth, 28, 58–60, 62, 63, 83, 97,

104, 106, 159weapon, 70, 72weirdness, 83well-being, 97, 99, 102west, 82, 136, 141, 156wheat, 106wife, 55, 60, 133, 134, 153

220 INDEX

Wila yat Al-Maz alim, 131will, vii, 1, 3–5, 7, 9, 11, 15–19, 24,

27–9, 31–4, 36, 38, 43, 44, 46, 47, 51–3, 58, 61–3, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 75, 81, 83–5, 89, 91–8, 105, 106, 108, 110, 113, 115, 125, 128, 135, 140, 141, 143, 147–50, 154, 155, 157, 158, 161, 165, 166, 169, 171

withdraw/al, 25, 27, 62, 110–13, 130, 152, 153, 158, 171

woman/en, 24, 36, 83, 87–9, 95, 116n28, 131–4, 140

wood, 54, 87worker(s), 14, 17, 92–4workplace, 17, 138world, 26, 58, 91, 112, 114, 163wrong, 12, 30, 46, 54, 61, 75, 85,

88–90, 94, 101, 113, 134, 166wrongdoer, 53, 129

wudu’ 150

YYamamah, 106, 107Yazıd bin Mu`awiyah, 60, 154Yemen, 2, 132, 156Yu nus, 99Al Yu suf, `Abd ‘Allah bin Mubarak bin

`Abd ‘Alla h, 98, 118n61, 118n66, 118n67, 118n69, 118n72, 119n73–5, 119n81, 119n86, 120n96

ZZahirıyah, 55zakah, 150Al-Zarkalıy, 56‘Abu Zayd, Wasf ıy `Ashur, 98Zayd bin `Alıy, 60Al-Zubayr bin Al-`Awwam, 55Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah, 98, 173n3,

173n14, 174n32