BidjovaggeJingyuan Hu & Kari Havnevik

Kautokeino

Karasjok

Alta

Tromsø

Bardufoss

Storslett

Finnmarksvidda

Lakselv

Skibotn Oslo

The location

Kautokeino

Bidjovagge

Bigjovagge copper and goldmine in placed in a green rock belt in Finnmark, on the border of Troms municipality. The mine is about 2,5 km long, and is located 40 km North-East of Kautokeino. The mine has been exploting copper and gold over two periods of time, and is now planning to reopen. The !rst period of extraction from 1970-1975 the mine was only extracting copper. When Finish Outokumpu acquired the mine in -84 they started to ex-tract a lot more gold, but because of the low copper price on the market they had to close down.

Today the Swedish !rm Artic Gold AB has bought the mine and is planning to operate by 2013. There has been a protest from the indig-enous hearding people in the area together with locals and nature environment directorate. Who will win? Will operation in of Bidjovagge take place, or will the indigenous and environmentalists be heard this time?

1950no one believed there was oil or gas 1959

foundings in Netherland changed people’s mind

1963,he government proclaimed sover-eignty over the Norwegian conti-nental shelf.

1980 Alexanser L Kielland disastercreated biggest disaster in Norway’s oil history

1981Discoveries in the Norwegian Sea 1986

Go for gas

1992Another pipeline

2000Peak reached

2007Production start and merge

1969First commercial discovery1971

First oil produced

1977Bravo blowout

1974A giant is foundStat"ord was proven in the North Sea

http://www.olf.no/en/Facts/Petroleum-history/

Brief History of Norwegian Oil

Sami

Norwegian CompanyBidjovagge Gruber A/S

Swedish CompanyArctic Gold

Swedish Company

Finish CompanyOutokumpu

Stop

Stop

1950

1970

19751985

1991

2010

Future ?

Restart

Restart

production ended

low gold price

Bolide

Start

Continue

Brie

f Hist

ory

of B

idjo

vagg

e

http://www.olf.no/en/Facts/Petroleum-history/

http://www.arcticgold.se

/

?

We try to !nd if there is any in#uence of the oil industry to mining in Nor-way, though we did not !nd any, we believe there must be some impact there.

Grasberg, Indonesia Super Pit, Australia Kittilä, Finnland

How big is Bidjovagge?

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Here shows the annual produc-tion of Grasberg, the biggest gold mine in the world, Super Pit the tenth biggest gold mine and Kittilä, the biggest gold mine in Europe.

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Picturs of Bidjovagge Today

The back!ll of rocks The back!ll of water

Autum pasture 1

Autum pasture 2

Autum/Winter pasture 1

Spring/Autum pasture 1

Spring pasture 1

Pollution zone

Bidjovagge

Kautokeino

Reisa Nationalpark

Jorba

Drilling for minerals in mines mainly happens in the summertime because of the ground in the winter, and makes it hard to drill. When drilling for minerals a lot of dust is created, and chemicals are used to extract the minerals. These chemicals are mixed in with the dust and pollute the area around. The range of damage is uncertain, but it a! ects large areas around. The water is also polluted, and some of the chemicals could even a! ect the ground water.

In the earlier operation periods in Bidejovagge the consequences of drilling was clearly visual. The pollution a! ected the lichen in the area, and around 100 000 reindeers in the

area. The con" ict between the Sami people and the mining industry is therefore quite hot. Bidjovagge mine is also located in one of the reindeer’s moving path. What will the consequences of a future drilling operation be?

It is said that reindeer can easily adapt to new tracks if they are “forced” to change their heading path. Maybe it would be possible to lead the reindeer into creating new paths of moving. And by crossing land that is further away from the mine the land might be less polluted. This could be a solution if the mine is reopend in 2013.

Enviroment vs. Mining

= 5 People

= 5 reindeer

2000 reindeers

On average, 5 people (1 family generally) own a group of 2000 reindeers

5 people/ 1 family

Reisa Nationalpark

Jorba

Kautokeino

Lulli Lickà

Stuorajàvri Mierojàvri

Àvzi

Searradas

Láhpoluoppa

Finland

Spring pasture

Autum pasture

Winter pasture Seasonal raindeer pastures

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Bidjovagge Mine

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Economy Politics Mining Indigenous

Participants in the issue of reopening Bidjovagge

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Arct

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AB

Reopening the Mine

Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored

Reopening the mine

The question about reopening the Bidjovagge mine is a hot topic at the moment. Arctic Gold AB in cooperation with Alcaston Exploration AB is planning to reoclaim that they have found more minerals to extract. Bidjovagge is located in the middle of a reindeer heading area which provokes the Sami Sidas. In the questhe environmental issue will determine whether or not the mine will be reopened. In order to start operating again Arctic Gold has to pass several political andThe new extraction will also a! ect other participants, and discussions and agreements will take place in order to plan this new operation.

Sequence one

Enclosure of the mine after det reopening

open the mine, and stion of reopening

d environmental acts.

Roots of the issue of Bidejovagge

Future sequence events

Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored

Reopening the Mine

Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored

If Actic Gold does not succeed to pass the acts the area is still an issue. Polluted ground, and large scares are left at the area, and who will take responsibilarea is grounded in two municipalities, and the Sami has the right to the land. The polluted ground may still be a! ecting the water and ground water, andclosure of the mine in 1991 does not provide enough information on what is actually left of chemicals and other emissions. The environmentalists want tcover the scares of the landscape, but who will be economically responsible?

Sequence two

Enclosure of the mine after det reopening

lity to clean this up? The d the report done on the to clean up the land and

Reclaim the area if the mine is not restored

Reopening the Mine

Enclosure of the mineArctic Gold may be able to provide enough evidence of existing minerals and pass the emission demand. As they predict today they might be able to oa short period of time according to mining industries. The result will probably be even larger stigmas in the landscape and will they be able to cover tharea? Will the same thing happen as for the closure in 1991?

Sequence three

Enclosure of the mine after det reopening

operate in 5-10 years. That is e expense of reclaiming the

Conclusion

The scars in the landscape after two periods of mining are still visible. The case of reopening the mine has several opinions and the consequences of restoring are still vague because there is a lack of research on the topic. The area is polluted and scared whether or not the extraction will start again. Is it possible to heal this fractured landscape?

I think that should be the main issue of this discussion. Who will reclaim this landscape and # t it in to its natural biosphere? The way I see it the area has no economical fund to be cleaned. By setting up a deal with the future mining company which secure a reclamation fund for the area might be the only way to raise money to increase the natural quality of the area.

Tin(Sn)

Lead(Pb)

Zinc(Zn)

Alluminium(Al)Magnesium(Mg)

Silver(Ag)

Gold(Au) Copper(Cu)

Iron(Fe)

232327

419

659670

916

1083

1530

1063

Why they are always being found together in the ore deposit?Many ore bodies are the result of late -stage melts of crustal or oceanic crus-tal rocks. What Silver, Gold and Copper have in common is a relatively low melting point so any late-stage situation can have these metals concentrated together.

http://www.heiszwolf.com

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http://answ

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/question/index?qid=

20100216140409AA

mQN

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Celsi

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Iron(Fe)

Gold

= 10 people

kg

ton

194

6565

6292

23752

6486

30300

unkown

!rst period!rst period 2013-?

second period future

?Copper

How many people involvedTotal production of each period

http://aps.n

gu.no/pls/oradb/minres_BH

_fakta.Kjerne?p_objid=1

0819&p_spraak=N

5y-production

5y-production

Line of anrikningsverkLine of deponi for avgangsmasserOld gråbergNew gråbergNew gråberg on old storageMineralisationOreOld sand deponiOld opencast

Bijovagge Mine

Nordfeltet

BB- Deposit

D

D- Deposit

Deposit for avgangsmasser

Laura Deposit

Laura

Nordfeltet Deposit

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Deposit areas put into scale

Nordfeltet Deposit

B- Deposit

D- Deposit

Laura Deposit

Line of anrikningsverkLine of deponi for avgangsmasserOld gråbergNew gråbergNew gråberg on old storageMineralisationOreOld sand deponiOld opencast

Bijovagge Mine

Nordfeltet

BB- Deposit

D

D- Deposit

Deposit for avgangsmasser

Laura Deposit

Laura

Nordfeltet Deposit

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Deposit areas put into scale

Nordfeltet Deposit

B- Deposit

D- Deposit

Laura Deposit

Nordfeltet Deposit

B- Deposit

D- Deposit

Laura Deposit

10 000 m2

15 000 m2

100 000 m2

108 000 m2

30 000 m3

30 000 m3

165 000 m3

640 000 m3

Deposit areas planned masses

headframe

ventilation shalft

ore pass

ore pass

ramp

skip

sump

crusher

ore bin

exploration drift

stope

main shalft

ore body

main levels

diamond drilling

Sub surface mine

Surface mine

Combination

Underground mine

Combination

Sub surface mine

Surface mine

Typical subsurface mining

16 drillings 1956-1975

In Bidjovagge

103 drillings 1985-1993

top soil to storage

back!ll by overburden

back!ll

bench

drillingdust & noise bu$e

http://www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-cepa/default.asp?lang=

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59-1&offset=4

&toc=show

http://www.ngu.no

Typical surface mining