big bang, black holes, no...
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IntroductionTopic 3: Going Small
Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math
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Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math
ASTR/PHYS 109Dr. David Toback
Lecture 5
IntroductionTopic 3: Going Small
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Prep For Today (is now due) – L5No one in back 3 rows and no laptops or cellphonesSend email if you need help/an extension. All this is in the lecture notes!!For iClicker: Make sure you are registered in the 2020A section, not the 2019C section (find me if you want me to check for you)• Reading:
– (BBBHNM Unit 1/Chapters 1-4)• Warmup Quizzes:
– (Warm-up Quizzes Parts 1 & 2)– Warm-up Quiz Part 3 (Requirements): Was due before class– Warm-up Quiz Part 4 (Peerceptiv): Will assign after we finish Chapter 3
• Pre-Lecture Reading Questions:– (Unit 1 Quiz parts A & B)
• End-of-Chapter Quizzes:– End-of-chapter quizzes 1 and 2: Was due before class– Folder doesn’t open until you pass all of Parts 1-3 of Warmup and PLRQ
Unit 1• Honors Section:
– Be working on Stage 0, send your weekly email
IntroductionTopic 3: Going Small
Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math
Next Topic: Going Small• Finished looking at various things in the universe going from the sizes we know to the VERY big
• Next we do the very small• Why? If we want to understand the universe we need to know what’s in it and what its made of
• Then we can get to the “Why and how did it get to be the way it is?” 3
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Starting out with small things
10 centimeters, or 0.1 meters, or 10-1 meters.About 3 inches
A baseball is a size we know from everyday experience
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Getting smaller
Something smaller you can see with your eyes
0.01 meters, (10-2 m) or 1 cm, or about a 1/3 of an inch
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Much smallerA simple dust mite is barely visible with the naked eye
Into the realm of biology10-3 metersor 1 millimeter
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A human hair
Looking at the side view of a single hair
10-4 meters
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Closer still…A single red blood cell
10-5 meters
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Further still
An HIV virus which is one of the bigger known viruses
10-6 meters
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Small VirusA polio virus which is known to be one of the smaller viruses
10-7 meters
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The Double HelixA close up of the helical structure of DNA
Starting to get into Chemistry
10-8 meters
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An Atom
10-9 meters or 1 nanometer
10 million in a cm
•What we’re seeing is the electron “cloud” as it goes around the atom• Kinda like the blades of a fan
•The realm of Physics
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Inside an Atom
•Snapshot in time of 2 electrons “orbiting” the nucleus
•Atoms are “composite” things, not fundamental
10-10 meters
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The Central Part of the Atom• The electrons are outside our field of view
10-11 meters
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Homing in on The Nucleus• Still zooming into the center of the atom
• The atom is mostly empty space
10-12 meters
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The Structure of the NucleusCan just start to see the “stuff” inside the nucleus
The nucleus is not fundamental
10-13 meters
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Protons and Neutrons• A carbon atom has 6 protons (blue) and 6 neutrons (grey)
• VERY tightly packed
10-14 meters
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Inside the ProtonThree quarks inside the proton–Protons are composite
–Quarks are fundamental
10-15 meters
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Other Fundamental Particles?• Electrons and quarks (as far as we know) are fundamental
• Lots of other fundamental particles
• Recently discovered the Higgs Boson
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Anti-Matter Each fundamental particle has an anti-matter
version which is also fundamental
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IntroductionTopic 3: Going Small
Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math
Prep For Next Time – L5No one in back 3 rows and no laptops or cellphonesSend email if you need help/an extension. All this is in the lecture notes!!• Reading:
– (BBBHNM Unit 1/Chapters 1-4)• Warmup Quizzes:
– (Warm-up Quizzes Parts 1-3)– Warm-up Quiz Part 4 (Peerceptiv): If we finished Chapter 3 then due
Monday before class (else, just Parts 1-3)• Pre-Lecture Reading Questions:
– (Unit 1 Quiz parts A & B)• End-of-Chapter Quizzes:
– If we finished Chapter 3 then EOC 3 (else just EOC 1 and 2) – Folder doesn’t open until you pass all of Parts 1-3 of Warmup and
PLRQ Unit 1• Honors Section:
– Be working on Stage 0, send your weekly email24
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Full Set of Readings So Far•Required: BBBHNM: Chap 1-4•Recommended:–BHOT: Chap. 1-3–SHU: Chap. 1-2–TOE: Chap. 1