big data, big expectations
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Big Data, Big Expectations
DR. MARC HOIT, VICE CHANCELLOR FOR
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CIO, NORTH CAROLINA
STATE UNIVERSITY
A RESEARCH REPORT FROM THE CENTER FOR DIGITAL EDUCATION
THE PROMISE & PRACTICALITY OF BIG DATA FOR EDUCATION
© 2
013
e.R
EPU
BLI
C. A
LL R
IGH
TS R
ESER
VED
10
0 B
LUE
RAV
INE
RO
AD
, FO
LSO
M, C
A 9
5630
916.
932.
1300
PH
ON
E |
916.
932.
1470
FA
X
CO
VER
PH
OTO
BY
BR
YAN
REG
AN
3
18 F
inis
hing
the
Job:
V
isua
lizin
g, A
naly
zing
and
Le
vera
ging
Big
Dat
a 20
A P
lace
to P
ut it
All:
Sto
rage
, Ban
dwid
th a
nd C
ompu
ting
Pow
er 23
Sec
urity
and
Priv
acy
in th
e Ag
e of
Big
Dat
a 24
Ove
rcom
ing
Bar
riers
an
d M
akin
g it
Rea
l
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
4 B
ig D
ata
Goe
s to
Sch
ool
6 T
he P
rom
ise
of B
ig D
ata:
B
ette
r Stu
dent
Out
com
es a
nd C
aree
r R
eadi
ness
12 L
ayin
g th
e Fo
unda
tion:
G
athe
ring,
Col
lect
ing
and
Cap
turin
g B
ig D
ata
16 C
onne
ctin
g th
e D
ots
Link
ing
Sys
tem
s To
geth
er fo
r Big
Dat
a
RODEL FOUNDATION OF ARIZONA
JERRY SPEIER & THE NATIONAL ACADEMY FOUNDATION HOUSTON INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT
CO
NC
LUSI
ON
26 B
ig D
ata
Lead
s to
Big
Res
ultsCO
NTEN
TS
6
1917
2
FROM
THE
PUB
LISH
ER
& VP
OF
STRA
TEGI
C PR
OGRA
MS
BIG
DA
TA IS
, IN
MA
NY
WA
YS
, AB
OU
T S
OM
E V
ER
Y S
MA
LL T
HIN
GS
. Thi
ngs
like
how
one
stu
dent
neve
r tur
ns in
wee
kend
ass
ignm
ents
on
time,
but
is n
ever
late
on
assi
gnm
ents
dur
ing
the
scho
ol w
eek.
Rec
eivi
ng th
is in
form
atio
n in
a ti
mel
y m
anne
r can
ale
rt a
teac
her t
o kn
ow s
he m
ight
nee
d to
giv
e th
at s
tude
nt
the
wee
kend
ass
ignm
ents
ear
lier,
or g
rant
an
exte
nsio
n. B
ig d
ata
can
boil
dow
n to
a s
mal
l thi
ng li
ke m
akin
g
sure
a s
tude
nt is
pla
ced
in th
e rig
ht re
adin
g pr
ogra
m n
ow, i
nste
ad o
f 12
mon
ths
late
r whe
n th
e hi
gh-s
take
s
test
ing
resu
lts c
ome
back
. Or t
he fa
ct th
at a
col
lege
stu
dent
is m
issi
ng a
ll hi
s cl
asse
s fo
r tw
o st
raig
ht w
eeks
and
coul
d be
at r
isk
of d
ropp
ing
out.
Big
dat
a is
n’t a
lway
s ab
out t
he b
ig th
ings
,
such
as
finan
cial
s, g
rant
trac
king
or o
ther
ent
erpr
ise
stat
istic
s. B
ut it
stil
l mak
es
a bi
g di
!ere
nce
whe
n it
shed
s lig
ht o
n ev
en th
e sm
alle
st o
f cha
nges
that
nee
d to
occu
r. W
e ho
pe y
ou e
njoy
this
in-d
epth
look
at b
ig d
ata
in th
is S
peci
al R
epor
t.
LEIL
AN
I CA
UT
HE
NPu
blis
her,
Spec
ial R
epor
ts
Cen
ter f
or D
igita
l Edu
catio
n
ON
E O
F TH
E M
AJO
R T
HE
ME
Sin
our
Spe
cial
Rep
orts
is h
ow te
chno
logy
-
infu
sed
educ
atio
n is
bec
omin
g m
ore
heav
ily re
liant
upo
n bi
g da
ta a
nd d
ata
deliv
ery
syst
ems.
Mak
ing
inst
ruct
ion
and
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
rele
vant
requ
ires
two
thin
gs: F
irst,
we
mus
t ena
ble
stud
ent a
cces
s to
real
-wor
ld is
sues
and
app
licat
ions
; sec
ond,
we
mus
t pro
vide
con
tent
and
inst
ruct
iona
l met
hodo
logi
es th
at a
re a
s pe
rson
aliz
ed fo
r eac
h st
uden
t as
poss
ible
. Thi
s re
quire
s a
mel
d-lo
ck b
etw
een
back
-o"
ce s
yste
ms
and
the
clas
sroo
m. D
ata-
driv
en d
ecis
ions
have
nev
er b
een
mor
e ne
cess
ary
and
the
tool
s to
ena
ble
them
hav
e ne
ver b
een
mor
e at
han
d. L
earn
ing
man
agem
ent s
yste
ms,
stu
dent
info
rmat
ion
syst
ems
and
all s
orts
of c
ampu
s m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
s pl
ay
a ro
le. A
s w
e in
corp
orat
e m
ore
digi
tal t
echn
olog
y in
to e
very
asp
ect o
f the
sch
ool i
nfra
stru
ctur
e, th
e m
ore
data
we
gene
rate
. The
cha
lleng
e w
ill b
e to
con
vert
that
dat
a in
to ti
mel
y an
d e!
ectiv
e le
arni
ng a
ctio
ns. T
o
mak
e th
is a
real
ity, i
nstit
utio
ns n
eed
polic
ies
and
oper
atio
nal p
lans
that
allo
w fo
r inv
estm
ents
in s
oftw
are,
hard
war
e an
d pr
ofes
sion
al d
evel
opm
ent t
o he
lp m
anag
e th
is d
ata
so s
tude
nts
can
reap
the
rew
ards
. We
hope
this
Spe
cial
Rep
ort o
n B
ig D
ata
will
info
rm a
nd o
!er s
ugge
stio
ns o
n ho
w to
mak
e th
ose
deci
sion
s fo
r
your
sch
ool,
dist
rict o
r ins
titut
ion.
JOH
N H
ALP
INVi
ce P
resi
dent
, Stra
tegi
c Pr
ogra
ms
Cen
ter f
or D
igita
l Edu
catio
n
THE
CE
NTE
R F
OR
DIG
ITA
L E
DU
CA
TIO
N S
PE
CIA
L R
EP
OR
T is
a o
ne-o
f-a-k
ind
publ
icat
ion
that
pr
ovid
es e
duca
tion
lead
ers
with
rese
arch
-rich
con
tent
that
incl
udes
per
spec
tives
from
indu
stry
ex
pert
s an
d pu
blic
sec
tor p
eers
. It c
onso
lidat
es c
urre
nt th
inki
ng, b
est p
ract
ices
, tip
s fo
r suc
cess
ful
impl
emen
tatio
n, p
rofe
ssio
nal d
evel
opm
ent g
uida
nce
and
mor
e —
all
with
in a
sin
gle
sour
ce.
We
hope
you
enj
oy th
is c
urre
nt S
peci
al R
epor
t on
Big
Dat
a. D
on’t
mis
s ou
r rem
aini
ng 2
013
Spec
ial R
epor
ts:
▸ Pe
rson
aliz
ed L
earn
ing
▸ M
obili
ty a
nd C
loud
4
edge
tech
nolo
gies
to si
ft th
roug
h th
is w
areh
ouse
of
dry
fact
s and
crea
ting
pow
erfu
l and
actio
nabl
e ed
ucat
iona
l ins
ight
s. Si
mpl
y pu
t: D
ata w
areh
ouse
s ar
e th
e lo
ck, a
nd b
ig d
ata i
s the
key
.
Wha
t typ
es o
f dat
a do
you
col
lect
?
84%
75%
STU
DEN
T IN
FOR
MAT
ION
TEST
ING
/A
SSES
SMEN
TST
AFF
Bre
akin
g D
own
Big
Dat
a
So w
hat d
efine
s bi
g da
ta a
nyw
ay?
data
set
s w
hose
siz
e is
bey
ond
the
abili
ty o
f typ
ical
dat
a so
ftw
are
tool
s to
cap
ture
, sto
re, m
anag
e an
d an
alyz
e.”4 O
ur s
iste
r org
aniz
atio
n, th
e re
cent
Spe
cial
Rep
ort o
n B
ig D
ata,
citi
ng
high
-vel
ocity
and
hig
h-va
riety
info
rmat
ion.
a
num
ber o
f sou
rces
that
com
e in
and
out
of a
n or
gani
zatio
n at
hig
h sp
eeds
.”
100% 90
%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0
Sour
ce: C
ente
r for
Dig
ital E
duca
tion
Surv
ey, 2
013
If you
’ve
atte
nded
a co
nfer
ence
, wat
ched
a w
ebin
ar
or re
ad a
blog
on
educ
atio
n la
tely
, the
n yo
u kn
ow
that
the
educ
atio
n co
mm
unity
is ab
uzz
abou
t th
e co
ncep
t of b
ig d
ata.
Pre
side
nt O
bam
a rec
ently
an
noun
ced
a $20
0-m
illio
n “B
ig D
ata R
esea
rch
and
Dev
elop
men
t Ini
tiativ
e” th
at is
aim
ed, i
n pa
rt, a
t im
prov
ing
educ
atio
n. In
addi
tion
to ac
cele
ratin
g sc
ient
ific r
esea
rch
and
stre
ngth
enin
g na
tiona
l se
curit
y, th
e in
itiat
ive
seek
s to
“tra
nsfo
rm te
achi
ng
and
lear
ning
.”1 Thi
s exc
iting
dev
elop
men
t com
es
as a
resu
lt of
a de
cade
of w
ork
and
hund
reds
of
mill
ions
of d
olla
rs o
f inv
estm
ent i
nto
stat
ewid
e lo
ngitu
dina
l dat
a sys
tem
s (SL
DS)
, as w
ell a
s man
y gr
ound
brea
king
pro
ject
s in
data
war
ehou
sing
and
Scho
ol D
istric
t (H
oust
on IS
D),
belie
ves,
“You
’re
goin
g to
see
a con
verg
ence
of a
lot o
f sys
tem
s tha
t us
ed to
be
stan
d al
one,
like
lear
ning
man
agem
ent
syst
ems,
curr
icul
um m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
s and
te
ache
r das
hboa
rds.
I see
this
conv
erge
nce
of b
ig
data
bec
omin
g a v
ery
pow
erfu
l mec
hani
sm fo
r pa
rent
s, st
uden
ts, p
rinci
pals
and
adm
inist
rato
rs, s
o th
at ev
eryb
ody
now
has
acce
ss to
this
info
rmat
ion.
”2 Tr
acey
Bar
rett,
vic
e pr
esid
ent o
f pro
duct
m
anag
emen
t and
mar
ketin
g at
Hou
ghto
n M
i!in
H
arco
urt’s
Div
isio
n fo
r Inn
ovat
ive
Asse
ssm
ents
and
Info
rmat
ion
Solu
tions
, agr
ees:
“Thi
s shi
ft pu
ts an
em
phas
is o
n us
ing
data
to d
rive
deci
sion
-mak
ing.
Th
is is
not
abou
t get
ting
a rep
ort,
putti
ng it
in a
file
cabi
net a
nd n
ever
look
ing
at it
agai
n. T
his i
s a t
ime
whe
n pe
ople
are
real
ly tr
ying
to u
se th
e as
sess
men
t dat
a in
mea
ning
ful w
ays s
o th
ey ca
n be
tter u
nder
stan
d th
e st
reng
th an
d w
eakn
esse
s of
thei
r stu
dent
s.”3
The
impa
ct o
f big
dat
a will
be
equa
lly g
roun
d-br
eaki
ng fo
r hig
her e
duca
tion
inst
itutio
ns. N
ew
tech
nolo
gies
for d
ata a
naly
tics a
re ch
angi
ng th
e fa
ce
of st
uden
t rec
ruitm
ent,
adm
inist
ratio
n an
d ac
adem
-ic
rese
arch
. We’
ve co
llect
ed m
ount
ains
of d
ata o
ver
the
year
s: co
urse
reco
rds,
stud
ent a
ttend
ance
, cla
ss
rost
ers,
prog
ram
par
ticip
atio
n, d
egre
e at
tain
men
t, di
scip
line
reco
rds,
test
scor
es an
d so
on.
But
whi
le
we’
re g
ood
at am
assin
g th
is in
form
atio
n, w
e’ve
pr
evio
usly
lack
ed th
e m
eans
to ap
ply
it to
war
d im
prov
ing
stud
ent o
utco
mes
. In
this
way
, our
vas
t ed
ucat
ion
data
stor
es h
ave
been
sim
ilar t
o th
e 13
7 m
illio
n ite
ms s
tore
d in
the
Smith
soni
an In
stitu
-tio
n. A
lthou
gh th
ese
item
s are
of g
reat
hist
oric
al
impo
rtan
ce, l
ess t
han
2 pe
rcen
t of t
he co
llect
ion
is on
disp
lay
at an
y gi
ven
time.
Ver
y fe
w p
eopl
e w
ill
ever
com
e cl
ose
to e
xper
ienc
ing
even
this
2 pe
rcen
t, le
t alo
ne g
ain
acce
ss to
the
full
colle
ctio
n.
GO
ES T
O
SCH
OO
L
Are
you
exp
erie
ncin
g su
bsta
ntia
l ad
min
istr
ativ
e da
ta g
row
th?
79%
say
yes
!
Sour
ce: C
ente
r for
Dig
ital E
duca
tion
Surv
ey, 2
013
79%
DAT
A G
RO
WTH
NO
GR
OW
TH12
%
NO
T S
UR
E9%
67
FROM
THE
PUB
LISH
ER
your
ow
n de
vice
(BYO
D), p
erva
sive w
irel
ess
netw
orks
and
adva
nced
net
wor
king
that
co
nnec
ts in
stitu
tions
to th
e out
side w
orld
.“W
hen
you
stop
and
thin
k ab
out t
he a
mou
nt
of co
mpu
ter p
roce
ssin
g po
wer
that
stud
ents
hav
e in
the
bott
om o
f the
ir b
ackp
acks
or i
n th
eir h
ip
pock
ets,
it is
the
equi
vale
nt to
wha
t Apo
llo 11
had
w
hen
they
wen
t to
the
moo
n,” s
ays C
lark
. Ins
tead
of
ban
ning
adva
nced
tech
nolo
gy d
evic
es fr
om
the
clas
sroo
m, a
s man
y sc
hool
s do,
Sco
ttsd
ale
has i
mpl
emen
ted
the
exac
t opp
osite
pol
icy.
“We
have
teac
hers
and
tech
nolo
gy tr
aine
rs w
ho
are
goin
g in
to cl
assr
oom
s and
usi
ng m
obile
-bas
ed
audi
ence
pol
ling,
just
like
the
way
you
vot
e fo
r A
mer
ican
Idol
,” Cl
ark
expl
ains
. “Yo
u ca
n ‘v
ote,’
if
you
will
, for
the
corr
ect a
nsw
er o
n a m
ath
prob
lem
that
was
put
on
the
inte
ract
ive
whi
tebo
ard
duri
ng th
e fir
st fi
ve m
inut
es o
f the
clas
s whi
le
the
teac
her i
s tak
ing
atte
ndan
ce. I
nste
ad o
f
sittin
g th
ere
wai
ting
for t
he te
ache
r, th
e st
uden
ts
coul
d be
wor
king
out
the
prob
lem
of t
he d
ay a
nd
subm
ittin
g th
eir a
nsw
ers v
ia sm
artp
hone
.” Th
is so
rt o
f stu
dent
pol
ling
has t
he p
oten
tial t
o en
rich
and
dire
ct d
aily
inst
ruct
ion.
As t
he st
uden
ts
are v
otin
g, a
grap
h co
uld
appe
ar at
the f
ront
of t
he
clas
sroo
m th
at sh
ows w
hat p
erce
ntag
e of t
he cl
ass
was
able
to so
lve t
hat p
robl
em co
rrec
tly. I
nste
ad
of w
aitin
g wee
ks to
det
erm
ine w
here
the s
tude
nts
are i
n te
rms o
f mas
tery
of t
he su
bjec
t, th
e tea
cher
ca
n ha
ve th
at d
ata a
t his
or h
er fi
nger
tips i
nsta
nta-
neou
sly. S
o, fo
r exa
mpl
e, if
only
a fe
w st
uden
ts w
ere
able
to so
lve t
he p
robl
em, t
he te
ache
r mig
ht d
ecid
e to
reto
ol th
e ins
truc
tiona
l les
son
right
on
the s
pot.
“We d
on’t
have
to w
ait f
or th
e tea
cher
to ta
ke
hom
e th
e st
ack
of p
aper
s to
grad
e th
at n
ight
to
figu
re o
ut th
at sh
e or
he
may
hav
e m
isse
d an
op
port
unity
ear
lier i
n th
e da
y,” C
lark
says
. “I
t has
lots
of p
oten
tial.”
7
RODEL FOUNDATION OF ARIZONA
THE
PROM
ISE
The st
ory
of b
ig d
ata
star
ts w
ith th
e ne
eds o
f our
stud
ents
. Bef
ore
we
map
out
the
tool
s and
tech
nolo
gy
of b
ig d
ata,
we
need
to p
ut it
s ben
efits
into
hu
man
term
s to
whi
ch w
e ca
n re
late
. Wha
t w
ill it
do
for a
dmin
istr
ator
s, in
stru
ctor
s, co
unse
lors
, adv
isor
s, su
ppor
t sta!
and
— m
ost
impo
rtan
tly —
stud
ents
to im
prov
e ed
ucat
ion?
Stu
dent
Suc
cess
in S
cott
sdal
eD
r. D
avid
Pet
erso
n an
d To
m C
lark
are b
elie
vers
in
the p
rom
ise o
f big
dat
a, an
d th
ey ar
e alre
ady p
uttin
g it
into
actio
n at
Sco
ttsda
le U
nifie
d Sc
hool
Dist
rict
in S
cotts
dale
, Ariz
. Dr.
Pete
rson
is su
perin
tend
ent
for t
he d
istric
t, an
d Cl
ark
is th
e dist
rict C
IO. F
or D
r. Pe
ters
on, b
ig d
ata i
s mor
e tha
n ju
st a
tool
to h
elp
top
adm
inist
rato
rs m
ake d
ecisi
ons.
He b
elie
ves i
t can
po
sitiv
ely i
mpa
ct ev
ery l
evel
of e
duca
tion,
righ
t dow
n to
the c
lass
room
leve
l at t
he m
omen
t of i
nstr
uctio
n.6
“I th
ink
first
and
fore
mos
t, w
e nee
d to
com
e to
that
tr
ue re
aliz
atio
n th
at o
ur k
ids a
re d
igita
l nat
ives
,” sa
ys P
eter
son.
“The
y’re
use
d to
wor
king
with
te
chno
logy
and
elec
tron
ics.
By h
avin
g tec
hnol
ogy
syst
ems i
n pl
ace t
hat c
an co
mpl
ete a
sses
smen
ts,
lear
ning
is o
ccur
ring w
ithou
t the
m ev
en re
aliz
ing
it, b
ecau
se th
ey ar
e so
com
fort
able
with
it.”
Pete
rson
is ta
king
adva
ntag
e of
stud
ents
’ te
chno
logi
cal fl
uenc
y to
atta
ck o
ne o
f the
mos
t en
tren
ched
and
seem
ingl
y un
solv
able
pro
blem
s in
edu
catio
n: H
ow d
o yo
u pr
ovid
e re
med
ial h
elp
with
out s
tigm
atiz
ing
stud
ents
, iso
latin
g th
em
or em
barr
assi
ng th
em in
fron
t of t
heir
pee
rs?
“We k
now
that
not
ever
y stu
dent
lear
ns in
the
sam
e way
, and
so b
ette
r use
of d
ata w
ill h
elp
us cu
s-to
miz
e som
e of t
he le
arni
ng fo
r stu
dent
s,” sa
ys P
e-te
rson
. “As
we s
ee d
i!er
ent s
tude
nts p
rogr
essin
g at
di!e
rent
leve
ls, w
e can
mak
e adj
ustm
ents
seam
less
ly,
so th
at st
uden
ts d
on’t
even
not
ice w
hat w
e are
doi
ng
to m
axim
ize t
heir
lear
ning
. In
som
e cas
es, w
e can
pr
ovid
e enr
ichm
ent,
and
in so
me c
ases
, we c
an p
ro-
vide
adju
stm
ents
to h
elp
them
mak
e up
or ca
tch
up.”
CIO
Tom
Cla
rk se
es th
e tre
nd to
war
ds b
ig
data
as w
orki
ng h
and-
in-g
love
with
oth
er
tech
nolo
gy in
itiat
ives
that
hav
e dev
elop
ed
over
the p
ast f
ew ye
ars,
incl
udin
g br
ing
Bet
ter S
tude
nt O
utco
mes
and
Car
eer R
eadi
ness
THE
PRO
MIS
E O
F BI
G D
ATA:
Scot
tsda
le U
nifie
d Sc
hool
D
istri
ct b
elie
ves
that
bi
g da
ta c
an b
e us
ed to
po
sitiv
ely
impa
ct e
very
le
vel o
f edu
catio
n, ri
ght
dow
n to
the
clas
sroo
m
leve
l at t
he m
omen
t of
inst
ruct
ion.
6
89
up a
nd w
orki
ng to
geth
er, a
nd th
ey’re
usi
ng
anal
ytic
s and
com
puta
tiona
l tec
hnol
ogy
to
unde
rsta
nd th
e da
ta th
ey a
re c
reat
ing.
”D
r. H
oit’s
exp
erie
nces
at N
C St
ate
show
th
at a
cade
mic
rese
arch
isn’
t the
onl
y fie
ld th
at
bene
fits f
rom
this
sort
of c
olla
bora
tion.
Wor
k at
N
C St
ate
dem
onst
rate
s how
big
dat
a ca
n fo
ster
be
nefic
ial r
elat
ions
hips
bet
wee
n el
emen
tary
and
se
cond
ary
educ
atio
n as
wel
l. D
r. H
oit i
s als
o a
prof
esso
r and
a re
sear
cher
in th
e de
part
men
t of
Civ
il, C
onst
ruct
ion
& E
nvir
onm
enta
l En
gine
erin
g. H
e an
d hi
s tea
m w
ork
with
the
Frid
ay In
stitu
te fo
r Edu
catio
nal I
nnov
atio
n th
at fo
cuse
s on
tech
nolo
gy a
nd K
-12
syst
ems.
In p
artn
ersh
ip w
ith th
e st
ate,
the
Frid
ay
Inst
itute
’s go
al is
“to
stud
y th
e be
nefit
s of
tech
nolo
gy fo
r stu
dent
edu
catio
n fr
om
kind
erga
rten
all
the
way
thro
ugh
thei
r hig
h sc
hool
gra
duat
ion.
” The
pro
cess
invo
lves
the
inte
grat
ion
of in
-use
syst
ems i
n sc
hool
s an
d di
stri
cts,
and
the
colle
ctio
n an
d us
e of
stud
ent d
ata
to im
prov
e pe
rfor
man
ce
and
dete
ct p
oten
tial p
robl
ems.
As D
r. H
oit e
xpla
ins,
“We’
re lo
okin
g fo
r the
sa
me
type
s of t
hing
s in
stud
ents
as i
n bi
osec
urity
or
frau
d de
tect
ion:
ano
mal
ies,
in o
rder
to c
atch
a
prob
lem
bef
ore
it be
com
es u
ncor
rect
able
.” Th
is co
uld
be a
n an
omal
y in
ove
rall
GPA
s, ch
ange
s in
GPA
s for
cour
ses n
eces
sary
for
stud
ents
’ maj
ors,
fluct
uatio
ns in
att
enda
nce
patt
erns
and
mor
e. J
ust a
s ear
ly d
etec
tion
in th
e pu
blic
hea
lth sp
here
oft
en m
eans
the
di!e
renc
e be
twee
n lif
e an
d de
ath,
the
spee
d w
ith w
hich
w
e de
tect
red
flags
in a
stud
ent’s
aca
dem
ic
care
er co
uld
mea
n th
e di!e
renc
e be
twee
n a
quic
k fix
, a d
raw
n-ou
t int
erve
ntio
n or
failu
re.
The
Frid
ay In
stitu
te is
con
nect
ed w
ith
Cent
enni
al C
ampu
s Mid
dle
Scho
ol, w
hich
TEC
HN
OLO
GIE
S C
ON
VER
GE:
Is
this
adm
inis
trat
ive,
inst
ruct
iona
l or r
esea
rch
com
putin
g?
Is it
for h
ighe
r edu
catio
n or
K-1
2?
The
wor
ld o
f tec
hnol
-og
y us
ed to
be
a lo
t les
s co
mpl
ex th
an it
is to
day.
W
hene
ver a
new
pie
ce o
f te
chno
logy
cam
e on
the
scen
e, it
cou
ld b
e pl
aced
in
to o
ne o
f thr
ee n
eatly
de
fined
cat
egor
ies.
Adm
in-
istr
ativ
e sy
stem
s, li
ke p
ayro
ll an
d ac
coun
ting
appl
ica-
tions
, ran
in th
e ba
ck o
!ce
to
man
age
the
oper
atio
ns o
f th
e in
stitu
tion.
Inst
ruct
iona
l te
chno
logi
es w
ere
leve
r-ag
ed b
y in
stru
ctor
s w
hile
th
ey ta
ught
thei
r stu
dent
s.
And
rese
arch
com
putin
g
asse
ts w
ere
lock
ed a
way
in
a la
b so
mew
here
, as
the
lone
ly p
rovi
nce
of a
cade
mic
re
sear
cher
s. T
oday
, tho
se
boun
darie
s ar
e qu
ickl
y co
llaps
ing.
Big
dat
a sp
ans
all o
f tho
se s
epar
ate
des-
igna
tions
, and
inte
grat
es
them
in a
way
that
was
ne
ver p
ossi
ble
befo
re. T
his
conv
erge
nce
mea
ns th
at
big
data
is m
ore
than
a
nuts
-and
-bol
ts te
chno
logy
pr
opos
ition
. It’s
a s
trat
egic
so
lutio
n th
at re
quire
s th
e at
tent
ion
of to
p o!
cial
s, e
x-ec
utiv
es a
nd fa
culty
to b
ring
to fr
uitio
n. A
lex
Kap
lan,
na
tiona
l pra
ctic
e le
ader
for
educ
atio
n fo
r the
Glo
bal
Bus
ines
s Se
rvic
es D
ivis
ion
of IB
M, s
ees
big
data
bei
ng
rele
vant
acr
oss
all d
omai
ns
of e
duca
tion.
“Fr
om IB
M’s
po
int o
f vie
w,”
say
s K
apla
n,
“Big
dat
a is
the
larg
est t
opic
in
edu
catio
n to
day.
I w
ould
sa
y th
at is
true
for b
oth
K-1
2 an
d hi
gher
edu
catio
n.
Mom
entu
m h
as re
ally
bee
n bu
ildin
g ov
er th
e pa
st fe
w
year
s.”
Acc
ordi
ng to
Kap
lan,
“T
he p
rimar
y re
ason
for t
his
is a
real
izat
ion
on th
e pa
rt o
f
polic
y m
aker
s an
d pr
acti-
tione
rs th
at if
you
are
real
ly
goin
g to
mak
e a
di"e
renc
e in
term
s of
teac
hing
and
le
arni
ng in
the
clas
sroo
m,
or in
term
s of
ope
ratio
nal
e!ci
ency
in ru
nnin
g yo
ur
scho
ol s
yste
m, y
ou n
eed
to a
ncho
r all
of th
is in
dat
a.
All
of th
e ed
ucat
ion
inst
itu-
tions
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
ha
ve a
ple
thor
a of
dat
a. It
is
n’t a
lack
of d
ata
that
is th
e pr
oble
m —
the
prob
lem
is
that
they
are
stil
l str
uggl
ing
with
con
vert
ing
that
dat
a in
to u
sefu
l inf
orm
atio
n.”8
Acco
rdin
g to
Cla
rk, l
ever
agin
g da
ta is
sim
ply
expe
cted
thes
e da
ys. “
I thi
nk w
e al
l hav
e to
face
th
e re
ality
of t
he c
hang
es th
at w
e’re
und
ergo
ing
in so
ciet
y. W
hat h
appe
ns in
scho
ols b
ecom
es
a re
flect
ion
of th
at. W
e ar
e m
ore
and
mor
e de
pend
ent o
n te
chno
logy
to d
o ou
r job
s, an
d if
you’
re u
sing
cha
rt p
aper
and
Sha
rpie
s to
anal
yze
your
dat
a, th
en I
don’
t thi
nk y
ou’re
doi
ng ju
stic
e fo
r you
r stu
dent
s. Yo
u’re
not
mak
ing
your
de
cisio
ns o
n th
e be
st d
ata
that
you
alr
eady
hav
e.”
But e
ven
the
mos
t ext
ensi
ve b
ig d
ata
appl
icat
ions
can
’t w
ork
in is
olat
ion.
The
y re
quir
e ne
twor
ks a
nd a
mpl
e ba
ndw
idth
to m
ake
them
ac
cess
ible
to e
very
par
ticip
ant.
To a
ddre
ss th
is
nece
ssity
, Sco
ttsd
ale
has i
mpl
emen
ted
a w
irel
ess
infr
astr
uctu
re a
cros
s all
of it
s cam
puse
s and
al
low
ed st
uden
ts to
acc
ess t
he n
etw
ork.
Clar
k ad
ds, “
This
lets
them
leve
rage
our
di
stri
ct co
nnec
tion
to th
e In
tern
et, a
s opp
osed
to
thei
r ow
n or
thei
r par
ent’s
cell
phon
e bi
ll.
It’s
a ni
ce p
artn
ersh
ip. W
e’re
leve
ragi
ng
tech
nolo
gy th
at th
ey a
lrea
dy h
ave
with
a
com
pone
nt th
at w
e ca
n pr
ovid
e fo
r the
m.”
Uni
ting
Adm
inis
trat
ion,
Res
earc
h an
d K
-12
in N
orth
Car
olin
aBi
g da
ta h
as d
iver
se a
nd w
ide-
rang
ing
appl
icab
ility
, as e
vide
nced
by
its im
plem
enta
tion
in m
any
disp
arat
e fie
lds o
f aca
dem
ic re
sear
ch.
One
such
fiel
d se
ems,
at fi
rst g
lanc
e, li
ke a
n un
likel
y ca
ndid
ate
for b
ig d
ata
anal
ysis
: med
ieva
l
man
uscr
ipt s
tudi
es. T
extu
al sc
hola
rs h
ave
been
stud
ying
boo
ks a
s phy
sical
art
ifact
s for
so
me
time
alre
ady
— tr
ying
to d
eter
min
e th
eir
prov
enan
ce, o
wne
rshi
p lin
eage
and
so fo
rth.
Bu
t Dr.
Tim
othy
Stin
son,
an
assi
stan
t pro
fess
or
of E
nglis
h at
Nor
th C
arol
ina
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
(N
C St
ate)
, det
erm
ined
that
the
man
uscr
ipts
pr
oduc
ed in
the
mon
astic
scri
ptor
ium
s of t
he
Mid
dle
Age
s had
mor
e in
form
atio
n to
o!e
r, gi
ven
the
righ
t app
licat
ion
of th
e ri
ght t
ools
.7 H
e re
ason
ed th
at th
e m
any
man
uscr
ipts
w
ritt
en o
n ve
llum
(tre
ated
ani
mal
skin
s) m
ight
al
so co
ntai
n th
e D
NA
info
rmat
ion
of th
e an
imal
s fr
om w
hich
they
wer
e m
ade.
A D
NA
anal
ysis
of
the
vellu
m w
ould
reve
al a
kin
d of
“gen
etic
hi
stor
y” o
f the
text
s, en
ablin
g th
e sc
hola
r to
bett
er
dete
rmin
e w
hat a
rea
of th
e w
orld
the
mat
eria
ls
orig
inat
ed. D
epen
ding
on
how
muc
h w
e kn
ow
abou
t a p
artic
ular
man
uscr
ipt’s
his
tory
alr
eady
, th
is co
uld
answ
er q
uest
ions
abo
ut th
e m
edie
val
book
trad
e an
d th
e ci
rcul
atio
n of
man
uscr
ipts
. A
noth
er fi
eld
of a
cade
mic
rese
arch
that
has
be
nefit
ed fr
om b
ig d
ata
is in
fect
ious
dis
ease
. Su
zann
e K
enne
dy-S
tosk
opf,
a re
sear
ch p
rofe
ssor
of
vet
erin
ary
med
icin
e, w
as co
nduc
ting
a st
udy
that
invo
lved
pla
cing
colla
r-m
ount
ed
sens
ors o
n w
olve
s. Th
e co
llars
tran
smit
GPS
co
ordi
nate
s and
env
iron
men
tal d
ata,
such
as
tem
pera
ture
, at r
egul
ar in
terv
als.
Nat
ural
ly,
the
mor
e w
olve
s tra
cked
and
the
long
er th
ey
are
trac
ked,
the
mor
e da
ta is
acc
umul
ated
. Ev
entu
ally
ther
e w
as to
o m
uch
data
for t
he
vete
rina
rian
to d
isce
rn p
atte
rns e
asily
.H
owev
er, a
t an
NC
Stat
e-ho
sted
“Big
Dat
a Re
trea
t,” th
e in
fect
ious
dis
ease
exp
ert w
as a
ble
to fi
nd th
e ki
nd o
f sup
port
and
tech
nolo
gy sh
e ne
eded
to m
ake
sens
e of
the
data
. And
, as i
f to
und
ersc
ore
the
idea
that
big
dat
a is
inde
ed
ubiq
uito
us, t
he v
eter
inar
ian
foun
d re
trea
t-go
ers i
n di
spar
ate
field
s who
se e
xper
ienc
es
para
llele
d he
r ow
n. A
s Dr.
Mar
c Hoi
t, vi
ce
chan
cello
r for
info
rmat
ion
tech
nolo
gy a
nd C
IO
at N
C St
ate,
exp
lain
s, “N
ow th
ey’re
mat
ched
“WE
HAV
E TE
ACH
ERS
AN
D
TEC
HN
OLO
GY
TRA
INER
S W
HO
A
RE
GO
ING
INTO
CLA
SSR
OO
MS
AN
D U
SIN
G M
OB
ILE-
BA
SED
AU
DIE
NC
E PO
LLIN
G, J
UST
LIK
E
THE
WAY
YO
U V
OTE
FO
R
AM
ERIC
AN
IDO
L.”
TOM
CLA
RK
, CIO
, SC
OTT
SDA
LE U
NIF
IED
SC
HO
OL
DIS
TRIC
T, A
RIZ
.
1011
Tale
nt C
omm
unity
.” Th
is co
mm
unity
will
pr
ovid
e a
sing
le w
ebsit
e to
hel
p ve
tera
ns a
nd
tran
sitio
ning
serv
ice
mem
bers
find
em
ploy
men
t op
port
uniti
es in
hig
h-de
man
d re
gion
s and
in
dust
ries
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
. The
com
mun
ity
will
als
o br
ing
vete
rans
and
em
ploy
ers t
oget
her
and
prov
ide
asse
ssm
ents
that
allo
w v
eter
ans
to id
entif
y ca
reer
pat
hs (i
nclu
ding
add
ition
al
educ
atio
n) th
at a
re b
est s
uite
d fo
r the
m.10
Th
is co
mm
unity
will
requ
ire
the
aggr
egat
ion
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
a si
gnifi
cant
am
ount
of
big
dat
a. In
ord
er to
loca
te e
mpl
oym
ent
oppo
rtun
ities
in h
igh-
dem
and
regi
ons a
nd
indu
stri
es, H
irin
g ou
r Her
oes w
ill n
eed
to
aggr
egat
e an
d an
alyz
e da
ta fr
om st
ates
, citi
es,
mun
icip
aliti
es a
nd co
mpa
nies
aro
und
the
coun
try.
And
in o
rder
to h
elp
vete
rans
iden
tify
the
care
er p
aths
that
are
righ
t for
them
, the
pr
ogra
m w
ill h
ave
to co
nstr
uct a
sses
smen
ts
and
link
them
to sp
ecifi
c car
eer p
aths
, util
izin
g da
ta a
bout
the
inte
rest
s, sk
ills a
nd ce
rtifi
catio
ns
requ
ired
for d
i!er
ent c
aree
rs. T
his e
!ort
is a
pe
rfec
t exa
mpl
e of
how
big
dat
a is
tran
sfor
min
g th
e w
orld
for s
ervi
ce m
embe
rs re
turn
ing
from
co
nflic
ts o
vers
eas.
As s
uch,
big
dat
a is
cha
ngin
g ed
ucat
ion
in m
yria
d w
ays,
incl
udin
g im
prov
ing
care
er re
adin
ess f
or to
day’
s vet
eran
s.11 Q
PHOTO BY KENDALL JAMES
PHOTO BY TOM CHERRY
is ti
ed to
the
univ
ersi
ty a
nd lo
cate
d on
its
Cent
enni
al C
ampu
s. Th
ey a
re k
ey c
ompo
nent
s of
the
stat
e’s R
ace
to th
e To
p gr
ant.
NC
Stat
e is
als
o pa
rtic
ipat
ing
in w
hat’s
cal
led
an “e
arly
co
llege
hig
h sc
hool
” — a
hig
h sc
hool
whe
re
stud
ents
can
take
uni
vers
ity c
lass
es, w
hich
D
r. H
oit d
escr
ibes
as s
imila
r to
a “d
ual d
egre
e pr
ogra
m w
ith c
omm
unity
col
lege
s.” T
he W
ake
NC
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
STE
M E
arly
Col
lege
H
igh
Scho
ol p
rogr
am is
focu
sed
on o!e
ring
ST
EM (s
cien
ce, t
echn
olog
y, en
gine
erin
g an
d m
athe
mat
ics)
-rel
ated
cou
rses
. Dr.
Hoi
t not
es
that
thes
e ty
pes o
f col
labo
ratio
ns, w
ith th
e un
iver
sity
, Fri
day
Inst
itute
and
mid
dle
scho
ol;
and
with
the
univ
ersi
ty a
nd e
arly
-col
lege
hig
h sc
hool
, o!e
r a w
ealth
of i
nfor
mat
ion
that
can
be
util
ized
for f
urth
er le
arni
ng o
ppor
tuni
ties.
Car
eer
Rea
dine
ss t
o P
ower
Hir
ing
our
Her
oes
This
pas
t dec
ade
has b
een
a ch
alle
ngin
g on
e fo
r the
Uni
ted
Stat
es m
ilita
ry. M
any
vete
rans
stru
ggle
to fu
lly a
ssim
ilate
bac
k in
to
soci
ety,
findi
ng it
di"
cult
to b
ecom
e ca
reer
re
ady
and
find
a jo
b. F
ortu
nate
ly, b
ig d
ata
has
a pl
ace
in v
ocat
iona
l and
job
trai
ning
as w
ell.
Whi
le v
eter
ans o
ften
hav
e sp
ecifi
c an
d us
eful
sk
ills,
man
y ha
ve b
een
in th
e m
ilita
ry si
nce
high
scho
ol o
r col
lege
, and
sim
ply
do n
ot k
now
whe
re
to lo
ok to
find
em
ploy
men
t. H
irin
g ou
r Her
oes
was
laun
ched
in M
arch
201
1 to
addr
ess t
his
prob
lem
. Wor
king
with
Cha
mbe
rs o
f Com
mer
ce,
Hir
ing
our H
eroe
s par
tner
s with
stat
e an
d lo
cal
chap
ters
and
oth
ers f
rom
the
publ
ic, p
riva
te
and
nonp
rofit
sect
ors t
o he
lp v
eter
ans a
nd
thei
r spo
uses
find
mea
ning
ful e
mpl
oym
ent.
T his
pro
gram
wou
ld n
ot b
e po
ssib
le w
ithou
t th
e ut
iliza
tion
of d
ata.
Rec
entl
y, H
irin
g ou
r H
eroe
s cre
ated
the
“Fas
t Tra
ck” p
rogr
am to
sh
ow v
eter
ans c
ritic
al p
aths
to e
mpl
oym
ent
and
assi
st th
em in
mak
ing
deci
sion
s abo
ut
educ
atio
n an
d em
ploy
men
t opp
ortu
nitie
s. Th
is
prog
ram
uti
lizes
a si
gnif
ican
t am
ount
of d
ata
to m
ap c
aree
rs b
y in
dust
ry to
100
met
ropo
litan
st
atis
tical
are
as (M
SAs)
that
are
fore
cast
ed
to se
e th
e la
rges
t am
ount
of j
ob c
reat
ion
in
the
near
futu
re. T
he p
rogr
am a
lso
iden
tifie
s th
e sk
ills n
eede
d fo
r vet
eran
s to
appl
y fo
r jo
bs in
thes
e M
SAs,
pro
vide
s inf
orm
atio
n on
how
vet
eran
s can
use
the
GI B
ill to
gai
n ad
ditio
nal e
duca
tion
and
help
s vet
eran
s gai
n cr
eden
tial
s to
incr
ease
thei
r opp
ortu
nitie
s.9 A
s a p
art o
f the
Fas
t Tra
ck p
rogr
am, H
irin
g ou
r Her
oes h
as p
artn
ered
with
a te
chno
logy
fir
m to
cons
truc
t an
onlin
e “H
irin
g ou
r Her
oes
PHOTO BY TOM CHERRY
Hiri
ng o
ur H
eroe
s’
“Fas
t Tra
ck” p
rogr
am
utili
zes
a si
gnifi
cant
am
ount
of d
ata
to m
ap
high
-dem
and
care
ers
by
indu
stry
, ide
ntify
the
skill
s ne
eded
for v
eter
ans
to
appl
y fo
r job
s an
d he
lp
vete
rans
gai
n ad
ditio
nal
cred
entia
ls to
incr
ease
th
eir o
ppor
tuni
ties.
WH
Y IT
MAT
TER
S:D
ecod
ing
the
Tech
nolo
gy
Big
dat
a is
full
of p
ossi
bilit
ies.
Som
e sp
ecifi
c be
nefit
s an
ticip
ated
by
educ
atio
n le
ader
s ar
e:
▸ Id
entif
ying
at-r
isk
stud
ents
bef
ore
the
trou
ble
star
ts▸
Targ
etin
g re
sear
ch-b
ased
inte
rven
tions
in re
al ti
me
▸ P
redi
ctin
g an
d m
anag
ing
cam
pus
goal
att
ainm
ent
▸ Im
prov
ing
prof
essi
onal
dev
elop
men
t str
ateg
ies
▸ Im
plem
entin
g st
uden
t, te
ache
r and
inst
ruct
or
valu
e-ad
ded
grow
th m
odel
s▸
Impr
ovin
g st
uden
t out
com
es▸
Ach
ievi
ng c
aree
r rea
dine
ss
1213
W
here
are
you
sto
ring
data
?
73%
68%
65%
62%
61%
60%
55%
49%
STU
DEN
T IN
FORM
ATIO
N
SYST
EM (S
IS)
CLA
SS/
CO
UR
SE
SCH
EDU
LIN
G
TEST
ING
OR
AS
SESS
MEN
T SY
STEM
STAT
E
REPO
RTIN
GTR
ANSC
RIPT
SLE
ARN
ING
M
ANAG
EMEN
T SY
STEM
(LM
S)
GR
ADE
BO
OK
OR
RE
PORT
C
ARD
S
PRO
FESS
ION
AL
DEV
ELO
PMEN
T SY
STEM
STU
DEN
T BI
LLIN
G
SYST
EM
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0
Sour
ce: C
ente
r for
Dig
ital E
duca
tion
Surv
ey, 2
013
45%
Acco
rdin
g to
rese
arch
by
the
Dat
a Qua
lity
Cam
paig
n, “B
est-p
ract
ice
dist
rict
s hav
e w
ell-e
stab
lishe
d, d
ocum
ente
d, a
nd co
nsis
tent
pr
oced
ures
and
bus
ines
s rul
es fo
r dat
a va
lidat
ion.
Lac
king
clea
rly d
efine
d bu
sine
ss
rule
s for
dat
a ent
ry ca
n le
ad to
dup
licat
ion
of
info
rmat
ion
in [s
ourc
e] sy
stem
s or s
omet
imes
om
issio
n of
dat
a.”13
To
get b
ig d
ata r
ight
, we
mus
t man
age
our s
ourc
e sy
stem
s pro
perly
, an
d co
nsid
er th
em a
vita
l lin
k in
the
over
all
chai
n le
adin
g to
hig
h-le
vel a
naly
tics. Q
FOR
MO
RE
INFO
RM
ATIO
NTh
e D
ata
Qua
lity
Cam
paig
n is
com
mitt
ed to
real
izin
g th
e vi
sion
of a
n ed
ucat
ion
syst
em in
whi
ch a
ll st
akeh
olde
rs
are
empo
wer
ed w
ith h
igh-
qual
ity d
ata
to m
ake
deci
sion
s th
at e
nsur
e ev
ery
stud
ent g
radu
ates
hig
h sc
hool
pr
epar
ed fo
r suc
cess
in c
olle
ge a
nd th
e w
orkp
lace
.w
ww
.dat
aqua
lityc
ampa
ign.
org
THE
FOUN
DATI
ON
Big
dat
a isn
’t ju
st a
bout
the fi
nal s
tage
s of t
he
data
pro
cess
: dat
a vis
ualiz
atio
n an
d di
rect
an
alyt
ics a
pplic
atio
ns. I
t’s a
lso
abou
t the
ha
rd w
ork,
syst
ems,
proc
esse
s and
dat
a gov
erna
nce
that
hel
p to
get
us t
here
in th
e firs
t pla
ce. S
ince
th
e ear
ly d
ays o
f the
edu
catio
n da
ta m
ovem
ent,
grou
ps li
ke th
e Dat
a Qua
lity
Cam
paig
n ha
ve b
een
high
light
ing
the i
mpo
rtan
ce o
f get
ting
info
rmat
ion
righ
t fro
m th
e sou
rce s
yste
ms t
hem
selv
es, s
uch
as st
uden
t inf
orm
atio
n sy
stem
s (SI
S), l
earn
ing
man
agem
ent s
yste
ms (
LMS)
and
the l
ike.
12
“Dat
a qua
lity
is p
roba
bly
one
of th
e bi
gges
t ar
eas y
ou st
rugg
le w
ith, b
ecau
se th
ere’s
so m
uch
varia
tion
on h
ow p
eopl
e do
thin
gs, p
artic
ular
ly
at th
e cam
pus l
evel
,” ex
plai
ns H
oust
on IS
D’s
CIO
Sc
had.
Whe
n yo
u ar
e pul
ling d
ata f
rom
man
y di!e
rent
syst
ems,
som
etim
es IT
sta!
nee
d to
im
plem
ent “
wor
k-ar
ound
s” o
r pro
cess
chan
ges t
hat
hurt
dat
a int
egrit
y but
are
nec
essa
ry fo
r sys
tem
fu
nctio
nalit
y. W
hen
sour
ce sy
stem
s hav
e bee
n in
pl
ace f
or a
whi
le a
nd h
ave b
een
colle
ctin
g dat
a for
a l
ong t
ime,
thes
e pro
blem
s can
be m
agni
fied.
“The
ana
logy
of ‘
garb
age
in, g
arba
ge o
ut’ i
s ne
ver m
ore
rele
vant
than
whe
n w
e’re
talk
ing
abou
t dat
a qua
lity
in d
ashb
oard
s,” sa
ys S
chad
. “B
ecau
se w
hat t
ends
to h
appe
n is
, whe
n th
ere
is
bad
data
com
ing
in a
nd y
ou’re
repo
rtin
g on
it, t
he
first
ass
umpt
ion
is th
at th
e to
ol is
bad
, or t
he to
ol
is re
adin
g it
inco
rrec
tly.”
This
pos
es m
ajor
risk
s fo
r big
dat
a ini
tiativ
es, w
hich
can
be e
asily
shut
do
wn
befo
re th
ey a
re e
ven
star
ted.
“You
end
up
spen
ding
a lo
t of t
ime
just
ifyin
g th
at th
e to
ol’s
righ
t, ra
ther
than
spen
ding
the
ener
gy o
n fix
ing
the
data
goi
ng in
. The
re ca
n be
a lo
t of t
ime
lost
th
ere.
You
hav
e to
hav
e th
e pr
oces
ses i
n pl
ace
so th
at th
e qu
ality
of t
he d
ata i
n th
e sy
stem
is
bein
g co
rrec
ted
as it
goe
s in,
” exp
lain
s Sch
ad.
Cont
ribut
ing t
o th
is pr
oble
m is
the r
apid
incr
ease
in
the a
mou
nt o
f dat
a tha
t edu
catio
n in
stitu
tions
ar
e exp
ecte
d to
mas
ter.
Seve
nty-
nine
per
cent
of
resp
onde
nts t
o th
e CD
E su
rvey
told
us t
hat
thei
r org
aniz
atio
n w
as ex
perie
ncin
g sub
stan
tial
adm
inist
rativ
e dat
a gro
wth
. And
that
’s on
ly o
ne
part
of t
he p
ictu
re, s
ince
dist
ricts
and
inst
itutio
ns
are i
ncre
asin
gly r
espo
nsib
le fo
r cat
alog
ing a
wid
e ra
nge o
f typ
es o
f inf
orm
atio
n in
incr
easin
gly
larg
e qua
ntiti
es. T
his s
tart
s with
the l
arge
st
singl
e dat
a sou
rce,
stud
ent i
nfor
mat
ion,
whi
ch is
co
llect
ed el
ectr
onic
ally
by 8
4 pe
rcen
t of d
istric
ts
and
inst
itutio
ns. B
ut it
goes
way
bey
ond
that
to
incl
ude d
igita
l con
tent
, ass
essm
ents
, tra
nsac
tiona
l in
form
atio
n, re
sear
ch an
d ev
en so
cial
med
ia.
Gat
herin
g, C
olle
ctin
g an
d C
aptu
ring
Big
Dat
a
LAYI
NG
TH
E FO
UN
DATI
ON
:
“DAT
A Q
UA
LITY
IS
PRO
BA
BLY
ON
E O
F TH
E B
IGG
EST
AR
EAS
YOU
STR
UG
GLE
WIT
H,
BEC
AUSE
TH
ERE’
S SO
MU
CH
VA
RIA
TIO
N
ON
HO
W P
EOPL
E D
O
THIN
GS,
PA
RTI
CU
LAR
LY
AT T
HE
CA
MPU
S LE
VEL.
”LE
NN
Y SC
HA
D, C
IO, H
OU
STO
N IN
DEP
END
ENT
SCH
OO
L D
ISTR
ICT,
TE
XA
S
“Sea
mle
ss s
tude
nt in
form
atio
n sy
stem
(SIS
) and
lear
ning
m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
(LM
S)
inte
grat
ion,
as
wel
l as
inte
grat
ion
into
sen
sibl
e w
orkfl
ows
— m
eani
ng
way
s to
do
som
ethi
ng w
ith th
e da
ta.”
“Int
egra
tion
— tr
acki
ng a
stu
dent
’s
data
from
kin
derg
arte
n al
l th
e w
ay th
roug
h co
llege
.”
“Bei
ng a
ble
to p
rovi
de in
form
atio
n w
hile
stil
l mai
ntai
ning
con
fiden
tialit
y is
the
ultim
ate
goal
. Tha
t tra
nsla
tes
to a
n in
dexe
d re
port
ing
syst
em w
ith
filte
rs to
add
ress
con
fiden
tialit
y re
late
d to
the
Fam
ily E
duca
tiona
l R
ight
s an
d Pr
ivac
y A
ct (F
ERPA
) an
d id
entit
y th
eft.”
“I w
ould
like
to s
ee a
cam
pus
man
agem
ent s
yste
m th
at ti
es
toge
ther
all
units
with
in th
e in
stitu
tion
to m
ake
data
acc
ess
and
track
ing
seam
less
. Our
ent
ire c
ultu
re n
eeds
to
cha
nge
to im
plem
ent t
his.
”
FROM
THE
EXP
ERTS
AS
PAR
T O
F C
DE
’S R
ES
EA
RC
H S
UR
VE
Y, w
e as
ked
educ
atio
n le
ader
s ho
w th
ey a
re p
repa
ring
for b
ig
data
and
wha
t big
dat
a ap
plic
atio
ns th
ey n
eed.
In in
terv
iew
s, w
e as
ked
the
priv
ate
sect
or h
ow th
ey a
re
resp
ondi
ng to
the
big
data
tren
d an
d in
wha
t way
s th
ey a
re s
eein
g th
e m
arke
t shi
ft.
THE
RES
PON
SE T
O B
IG D
ATA
: FE
EDB
ACK
FRO
M B
OTH
SID
ES
“We
are
still
usi
ng m
onol
ithic
dat
abas
e an
d da
ta w
areh
ouse
sys
tem
s to
pr
oces
s th
e da
ta to
get
bus
ines
s an
alyt
ics.
We
need
to in
vest
in n
ewer
pr
oces
sing
pla
tform
s su
ch a
s H
adoo
p (N
oSQ
L) o
r New
SQL.
Cur
rent
dat
a se
ts a
re to
o la
rge
to p
roce
ss q
uick
ly
with
our
trad
ition
al m
etho
ds.”
“Lin
e sp
eed
capa
bilit
y in
our
sm
alle
r o!
ces
arou
nd th
e st
ate,
w
hich
wou
ld e
nabl
e us
to m
ake
our d
ata
colle
ctio
n th
roug
h in
tera
ctiv
e tra
inin
gs m
ore
robu
st.”
“ Wou
ld li
ke to
hav
e a
syst
em to
ext
ract
da
ta in
a ti
mel
y m
anne
r for
gre
ater
us
e an
d be
nefit
to o
ur d
istri
cts.
”
“Big
dat
a is
less
abo
ut th
e vo
lum
e of
da
ta o
r new
tech
nolo
gies
; it’s
mor
e ab
out n
ew u
sage
pat
tern
s th
at in
form
ac
tion
at th
e po
int o
f del
iver
y, s
uch
as
bette
r stu
dent
adv
isin
g or
per
sona
lized
le
arni
ng p
athw
ays.
Our
cus
tom
ers
real
ize
they
do
not n
eed
expe
nsiv
e ne
w
tool
s to
get
sta
rted
— th
ey a
re a
lread
y do
ing
big
thin
gs w
ith ju
st a
littl
e SQ
L.”
RO
BER
T C
UR
TIN
, MIC
RO
SOFT
C
OR
POR
ATI
ON
“Our
shi
ft is
goi
ng to
war
ds p
redi
ctiv
e an
alyt
ics
in p
artic
ular
. The
re is
so
muc
h bi
g da
ta o
ut th
ere.
We
are
look
ing
at
di"e
rent
way
s of
ask
ing
ques
tions
, or
perh
aps
to h
elp
our c
usto
mer
s as
k qu
estio
ns th
at th
ey d
idn’
t eve
n kn
ow
they
nee
ded
to a
sk. P
redi
ctiv
e an
alyt
ics
open
s up
so
man
y av
enue
s th
at c
an
cont
ribut
e to
stu
dent
suc
cess
.”
CA
RR
IE H
AN
DLE
Y, D
ESIR
E2LE
AR
N
THE
ED
UC
ATIO
N
PER
SPEC
TIVE
THE
IN
DU
STR
Y PE
RSP
ECTI
VE
“With
the
abun
danc
e of
dat
a,
stor
ed in
mul
tiple
loca
tions
, sch
ools
sh
ould
con
side
r an
eDis
cove
ry
solu
tion
to id
entif
y an
d lo
cate
im
port
ant i
nfor
mat
ion.
”
MIK
E M
AX
WE
LL, S
YM
AN
TEC
“Big
dat
a is
edu
catio
n’s
secu
re,
scal
able
and
cos
t-e"e
ctiv
e an
swer
to
driv
ing
stud
ent s
ucce
ss b
y un
lock
ing
the
pow
er o
f ada
ptiv
e le
arni
ng p
lans
for
all s
tude
nts.
”
CR
AIG
PO
WE
LL, C
ON
NE
CTE
DU
“Dis
trict
s ha
ve to
man
age
this
influ
x in
sto
rage
— a
ll of
the
incr
ease
d vi
deo,
ele
ctro
nic
reco
rds,
stu
dent
da
ta —
eve
ryth
ing
that
is g
row
ing
from
a d
ata
stan
dpoi
nt. M
ore
and
mor
e of
thos
e re
cord
s ar
e on
line,
and
th
e am
ount
of d
ata
is s
kyro
cket
ing.
W
e ar
e fo
cuse
d on
hel
ping
dis
trict
s pr
otec
t it,
man
age
it an
d se
cure
it.
Whe
n it
com
es to
dat
a, d
istri
cts
need
to
hav
e a
disa
ster
reco
very
pla
n, o
f co
urse
, but
they
als
o ne
ed a
gro
wth
pl
an fo
r how
they
are
goi
ng to
kee
p up
with
thei
r eno
rmou
s st
orag
e ne
eds
and
secu
re d
ata
for a
n ex
tend
ed
perio
d of
tim
e.”
“Big
dat
a to
us
mea
ns e
nsur
ing
our
scho
ols
can
teac
h w
ithou
t lim
its.
Mak
ing
sure
sch
ools
can
eng
age
stud
ents
with
inno
vativ
e, s
tate
-of-t
he-
art f
orm
ats
to a
mpl
ify le
arni
ng s
uch
as v
irtua
l cla
ssro
oms
or a
llow
ing
stud
ents
to b
ring
thei
r ow
n m
obile
te
chno
logy
ont
o ca
mpu
s is
big
dat
a.
Our
priv
ate
netw
ork
allo
ws
scho
ols
and
univ
ersi
ties
to u
nlea
sh n
ew le
vels
of
col
labo
ratio
n am
ong
stud
ents
, pa
rent
s an
d te
ache
rs li
ke n
ever
bef
ore,
an
d w
e at
Cox
Bus
ines
s ar
e de
dica
ted
to m
akin
g bi
g da
ta a
real
ity fo
r the
sc
hool
s an
d st
uden
ts in
our
foot
prin
t.”
PHIL
MEE
KS,
CO
X B
USI
NES
S
1617
base
d on
a n
umbe
r of k
ey co
mpo
nent
s, an
d al
low
the
orga
niza
tions
to co
ntro
l for
thos
e co
mpo
nent
s whe
n co
mpa
ring
stud
ent o
utco
mes
.O
nce
they
had
the
data
, the
org
aniz
atio
ns
wor
ked
to b
uild
colle
ge- a
nd c
aree
r-pl
anni
ng
tool
s. Th
ey a
lso
deve
lope
d a
real
-tim
e da
ta
syst
em fo
r tra
ckin
g st
uden
ts’ c
olle
ge a
nd
care
er re
adin
ess b
y le
vera
ging
dat
a w
are-
hous
e ca
pabi
litie
s, st
uden
t-lev
el d
ata
ag-
greg
atio
n an
d cu
stom
ized
, rea
l-tim
e pr
ogre
ss
repo
rtin
g. T
he re
sults
wer
e st
unni
ng.
Toda
y, N
AF
can
anal
yze
stud
ent p
erfo
rman
ce
at th
e st
uden
t, sc
hool
, dis
tric
t, st
ate
and
natio
nal
leve
ls in
real
tim
e (w
ith a
dmin
istr
ator
s at a
ll le
vels
dri
ving
the
anal
ysis)
. Thi
s ana
lysi
s allo
ws
NA
F to
mea
sure
stud
ent a
chie
vem
ent,
mon
itor
prog
ress
, dri
ve ta
rget
ed in
terv
entio
ns a
nd d
raw
co
nclu
sion
s abo
ut k
ey co
mpo
nent
s, de
cisi
ons
and
curr
icul
a th
at d
rive
succ
ess i
n st
uden
ts.
In a
dditi
on, t
his s
yste
m h
as p
rove
n N
AF’
s su
cces
s. Th
e da
ta sh
owed
that
stud
ents
in N
AF
acad
emie
s att
end
scho
ol m
ore
freq
uent
ly, r
ecei
ve
mor
e cr
edits
and
ear
n hi
gher
gra
des t
han
non-
NA
F st
uden
ts in
the
sam
e di
stri
ct. I
n ad
ditio
n,
mor
e th
an fo
ur o
ut o
f five
NA
F st
uden
ts g
o on
to
colle
ge o
r oth
er p
ost-s
econ
dary
edu
catio
n, a
nd
mor
e th
an 5
2 pe
rcen
t of N
AF
grad
uate
s ear
n ba
chel
or’s
degr
ees i
n fo
ur y
ears
— co
mpa
red
with
32
per
cent
nat
iona
lly. D
ata
anal
ysis
now
hel
ps
NA
F be
tter
serv
e its
stud
ents
eve
ry d
ay.14
Q
STA
RTI
NG
AT
THE
SOU
RC
E:D
ecod
ing
the
Tech
nolo
gy
Con
nect
ing
syst
ems
take
s w
ork
and
spec
ializ
ed
tool
s. C
onsi
der a
ll of
the
follo
win
g in
you
r ow
n
syst
em c
onne
ctio
n eff
orts
:
▸ M
anag
ing
pass
wor
ds a
nd u
ser p
rofil
es
▸ In
tegr
atin
g w
ith le
gacy
and
tran
sact
iona
l sys
tem
s ▸
Inte
ract
ing
with
offl
ine
sour
ces
and
surv
ey in
form
atio
n▸
Gat
herin
g un
stru
ctur
ed d
ata
▸ Im
plem
entin
g ET
L te
chno
logi
es —
ext
ract
, tra
nsfo
rm, l
oad
▸ U
nitin
g di
spar
ate
soft
war
e sy
stem
s an
d pr
oduc
ts
JERRY SPEIER & THE NATIONAL ACADEMY FOUNDATION
“[TH
E N
EW
SYST
EM] P
RO
VID
ED
US
WIT
H T
HE
INTE
LLIG
ENC
E N
ECES
SAR
Y TO
SU
CC
ESSF
ULL
Y IN
ITIA
TE A
CR
ITIC
AL
PHA
SE O
F O
UR
PE
RFO
RM
AN
CE
MA
NAG
EMEN
T SY
STEM
.” JD
HO
YE
, PR
ESID
ENT,
N
ATIO
NA
L A
CA
DEM
Y FO
UN
DAT
ION
The so
urce
syst
ems h
ave
the
info
rmat
ion,
but
it
won
’t be
use
ful i
f it s
tays
ther
e. B
ig d
ata
requ
ires
that
dat
a be
com
es m
obile
. It n
eeds
to
be
extr
acte
d fr
om so
urce
syst
ems,
amas
sed
and
inte
grat
ed in
to a
cohe
rent
, uni
fied
pict
ure.
The
Nat
iona
l Aca
dem
y Fo
unda
tion’
s (N
AF)
in
itiat
ive
in “c
onne
ctin
g th
e do
ts” p
rovi
des a
n ex
celle
nt e
xam
ple
of h
ow th
is co
ncep
t can
wor
k.
NA
F is
an
orga
niza
tion
of co
llege
and
car
eer-
prep
acad
emie
s tha
t pri
des i
tsel
f on
indu
stry
-focu
sed
curr
icul
a, w
ork-
base
d le
arni
ng a
nd th
e ut
iliza
-tio
n of
bus
ines
s-pa
rtne
r exp
ertis
e. M
ore
than
60
,000
stud
ents
par
ticip
ate
acro
ss 3
9 st
ates
.N
AF
rece
ntly
impl
emen
ted
a ne
w e
lec-
tron
ic d
ata
initi
ativ
e th
at w
as a
ble
to in
corp
orat
e in
form
atio
n fr
om u
pstr
eam
sour
ces.
Acco
rdin
g to
JD
Hoy
e, p
resi
dent
of N
AF,
“[Th
e ne
w sy
stem
] pr
ovid
ed u
s with
the
inte
llige
nce
nece
ssar
y to
succ
essf
ully
initi
ate
a cr
itica
l pha
se o
f ou
r per
form
ance
man
agem
ent s
yste
m. [
The
upst
ream
info
rmat
ion]
is e
ssen
tial i
n he
lpin
g us
reac
h ou
r res
earc
h an
d ev
alua
tion
goal
s.”La
st y
ear,
NA
F be
gan
build
ing
a pe
rfor
man
ce
mea
sure
men
t sys
tem
to e
valu
ate
the
prog
ress
an
d ac
hiev
emen
t of s
tude
nts i
n N
AF
acad
emie
s. It
wan
ted
to b
e ab
le to
see,
in re
al ti
me,
exa
ctly
ho
w it
s stu
dent
s wer
e pe
rfor
min
g an
d be
abl
e to
com
pare
them
with
oth
er g
roup
s of p
ublic
sc
hool
stud
ents
. Thi
s wou
ld a
llow
NA
F to
ba
ck u
p its
succ
ess w
ith e
mpi
rica
l ana
lysi
s, te
st th
e e!
ectiv
enes
s of t
he c
urri
culu
m a
nd
impl
emen
t con
sist
ent c
hang
es to
bet
ter s
erve
th
e ed
ucat
iona
l nee
ds o
f NA
F st
uden
ts.
To so
lve
this
pro
blem
, NA
F pa
rtne
red
with
a
tech
nolo
gy fi
rm to
gat
her a
nd co
llect
dat
a fr
om th
ousa
nds o
f NA
F st
uden
ts a
nd p
ublic
sc
hool
stud
ents
aro
und
the
coun
try.
The
firm
ga
ther
ed a
cade
mic
and
dem
ogra
phic
dat
a,
as w
ell a
s dat
a on
soci
oeco
nom
ic st
atus
, at-
tend
ance
rate
s, G
PA a
nd S
AT/A
CT sc
ores
from
a
vari
ety
of so
urce
s. Th
is co
mpr
ehen
sive
dat
a ga
ther
ing
wou
ld a
llow
NA
F to
dri
ve a
naly
sis
LINK
ING
DATA
Link
ing
Syst
ems
Toge
ther
for B
ig D
ata
CO
NN
ECTI
NG
TH
E D
OTS
OF
STA
TES
PAR
TIC
IPAT
E IN
TH
IS P
RO
GR
AM
78%
Nat
iona
l Aca
dem
y Fo
unda
tion
Fact
s
OF
NA
F S
TUD
ENTS
G
O O
N T
O
CO
LLE
GE
OR
O
THER
PO
ST-
SE
CO
ND
AR
Y ED
UC
ATIO
N
OR
MO
RE
OF
NA
F G
RA
DU
ATE
S E
AR
N
BA
CH
ELO
R’S
D
EG
REE
S IN
FO
UR
YE
AR
S
80%
52%
STU
DEN
TS60
,000
WH
ICH
IS M
OR
E TH
AN
1819
“The
re a
re so
man
y way
s tha
t you
can
mak
e da
ta ac
cess
ible
to p
eopl
e,” sa
ys S
chad
. “If
you
thin
k, fr
om a
daily
per
spec
tive,
das
hboa
rds a
re
prob
ably
one
of t
he b
est m
echa
nism
s to
get p
eopl
e to
real
ly u
se d
ata t
hat’s
rele
vant
to th
em ev
ery
sing
le d
ay.”
Hou
ston
ISD
doe
sn’t
expe
ct to
stop
w
ith a
succ
essf
ul d
ata w
areh
ouse
and
das
hboa
rds
proj
ect.
The d
istr
ict’s
visi
on g
oes b
eyon
d th
is
and
tow
ards
an
inte
grat
ed le
arni
ng p
latfo
rm:
“The
n th
ere’s
mor
e of t
he ju
st-in
-tim
e rep
ortin
g,
tren
ding
, for
ecas
ting
anal
ysis
,” Sc
had
expl
ains
. U
ltim
atel
y, he
sees
thes
e ini
tiativ
es le
adin
g to
the
full
scop
e of p
redi
ctiv
e and
pre
scrip
tive a
naly
tics
and
pers
onal
ized
inst
ruct
iona
l exp
erie
nces
for
stud
ents
that
are
adap
tive t
o th
eir u
niqu
e nee
ds.
Dr.
Je!
Bord
en, w
ho le
ads t
he R
esea
rch
and
Inno
vatio
n N
etw
ork
at P
ears
on, s
ees b
ig d
ata a
s cl
osel
y tie
d to
impr
ovin
g st
uden
t out
com
es. B
ut h
e th
inks
the v
alue
of d
ata p
rese
ntat
ion
and
anal
ysis
to
ols g
oes w
ell b
eyon
d th
e cla
ssro
om. “
To m
e, th
e ul
timat
e goa
l of b
ig d
ata i
s tru
e ind
ivid
ualiz
atio
n fo
r a u
ser e
xper
ienc
e. If
you
real
ly g
et b
ig d
ata
doin
g w
hat p
eopl
e wan
t it t
o do
, wha
t the
y bel
ieve
it
can
do a
nd w
hat i
t is s
tart
ing
to d
o, it
is g
oing
to
crea
te in
divi
dual
ized
expe
rienc
es at
ever
y lev
el.
And
that
mea
ns n
ot ju
st fo
r stu
dent
s. Yo
u w
ill
star
t to
see m
ore i
ndiv
idua
lizat
ion
in te
rms o
f te
achi
ng, f
acili
tatio
n an
d ad
min
istr
ativ
e wor
k.”15
Q
HOUSTON INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT
Hou
ston
ISD
’s
teac
hers
and
ad
min
istr
ator
s us
e da
shbo
ards
to g
auge
st
uden
t per
form
ance
hi
stor
ical
ly, a
nd
ultim
atel
y to
impr
ove
stud
ent o
utco
mes
.
MA
KIN
G IT
WO
RK
:D
ecod
ing
the
Tech
nolo
gy
All
of th
e fo
llow
ing
are
the
tool
s th
at c
an s
uppo
rt o
r en
hanc
e bi
g da
ta a
t the
end
of t
he d
ay —
they
are
wha
t w
ill h
elp
you
deco
de d
ata
to tu
rn it
into
a fi
nal p
rodu
ct:
▸ D
ata
war
ehou
sing
▸ Pe
rfor
man
ce d
ashb
oard
s▸
Stan
dard
s-ba
sed
stud
ent/
pare
nt p
orta
ls
▸ D
escr
iptiv
e an
alyt
ics
▸ Pr
edic
tive
anal
ytic
s▸
Pres
crip
tive
anal
ytic
s▸
Mac
hine
lear
ning
mod
els
LEVE
RAGI
NG D
ATA
Onc
e we h
ave c
onne
cted
the d
ots,
it’s
time t
o fin
ish th
e job
. To
do th
at,
prac
titio
ners
nee
d to
dem
ystif
y th
e en
dpoi
nt te
chno
logi
es th
at m
ake
big
data
real
, an
d pr
esen
t the
dat
a in
a way
that
is v
isua
l an
d in
tuiti
ve fo
r the
dec
isio
n-m
aker
s who
will
ac
tual
ly u
se th
e in
form
atio
n to
impr
ove
educ
atio
n.
Acco
rdin
g to
our
rese
arch
, edu
catio
n in
stitu
tions
ar
e in
crea
sing
ly aw
are
of th
e be
nefit
s of b
ig d
ata,
an
d ar
e m
akin
g its
impl
emen
tatio
n a p
rior
ity.
Vis
ualiz
ing
Stu
dent
Per
form
ance
in D
ashb
oard
sLe
nny
Scha
d, H
oust
on IS
D’s
CIO
we
note
d ea
rlie
r, ai
ms t
o tr
ansf
orm
his
dis
tric
t with
po
wer
ful n
ew p
erfo
rman
ce d
ashb
oard
s. “W
e’re
in
the
proc
ess o
f rol
ling
out a
dat
a w
areh
ouse
,” ex
plai
ns S
chad
. “W
e ha
ve o
ur p
rinc
ipal
das
hboa
rd
done
, we
have
our
teac
her d
ashb
oard
don
e an
d no
w w
e ar
e st
artin
g on
the
busi
ness
side
.” H
oust
on IS
D’s
chal
leng
e is n
ot o
nly t
o m
ake t
he
data
avai
labl
e, b
ut to
als
o sp
end
enou
gh ti
me w
ith
its u
sers
to h
elp
them
und
erst
and
how
to p
rope
rly
utili
ze th
e dat
a. P
ower
ful v
isua
lizat
ion
tool
s can
im
part
a lo
t of i
nfor
mat
ion
quic
kly a
nd ea
sily
, bu
t tea
cher
s nee
d pr
ofes
siona
l dev
elop
men
t and
tr
aini
ng to
be a
ble t
o an
alyz
e dat
a and
und
erst
and
wha
t the
das
hboa
rds a
re re
ally
telli
ng th
em.
In o
rder
to ac
hiev
e thi
s, da
ta m
ust b
e int
egra
ted
and
visu
aliz
ed in
one
cent
raliz
ed lo
catio
n. “A
ll of
th
ese [
dash
boar
ds] a
re g
oing
to st
art c
onve
rgin
g to
geth
er so
they
bec
ome o
ne p
latfo
rm,”
says
Sc
had.
“You
r tea
cher
s will
be a
ble t
o go
in a
nd
see l
ongi
tudi
nal d
ata a
bout
thei
r stu
dent
s, al
ong
with
the h
omew
ork
and
the l
esso
n pl
ans f
or
the d
ay.”
Scha
d en
visio
ns v
isua
lizat
ion
tool
s for
st
uden
ts a
s wel
l, w
hich
will
wor
k to
geth
er w
ith
the t
each
er re
sour
ces f
or co
mm
on o
utco
mes
.Sc
had
expl
ains
that
teac
hers
and
adm
inis
trat
ors
are a
lread
y e!e
ctiv
ely u
tiliz
ing i
nfor
mat
ion
unde
r th
e cur
rent
syst
em: “
Your
teac
hers
and
pri
ncip
als
can
use t
he d
ata l
ongi
tudi
nally
, so
that
they
can
now
tie
thei
r stu
dent
dat
a tog
ethe
r to
see,
his
toric
ally
, ho
w th
eir s
tude
nts h
ave d
one o
n va
rious
test
s or
whe
re th
ey h
ave s
trug
gled
. Tha
t hel
ps th
em
form
ulat
e wha
t nee
ds to
be d
one,
espe
cial
ly w
hen
they
’re re
ceiv
ing n
ew st
uden
ts.”
Mov
ing f
orw
ard,
Sc
had
wan
ts to
impr
ove a
cces
sibili
ty a
nd u
tiliz
atio
n by
mak
ing a
wid
e ran
ge o
f inf
orm
atio
n av
aila
ble
in d
ashb
oard
s tha
t are
cust
omiz
ed fo
r eac
h us
er.
Visu
aliz
ing,
Ana
lyzi
ng a
nd L
ever
agin
g B
ig D
ata
FIN
ISH
ING
TH
E JO
B:
For m
y
inst
itutio
n,
big
data
...
7%
HA
S IM
PR
OV
ED
STU
DEN
T O
UTC
OM
ES
HA
S IM
PR
OV
ED
AD
MIN
ISTR
ATIO
NR
EMA
INS
A
TOP
PR
IOR
ITY
FOR
US
6%14
%43
%35
%49
%40
%45
%29
%7%
11%
5%3%
3%4%
STR
ON
GLY
AG
REE
AG
REE
NE
UTR
AL
DIS
AG
REE
STR
ON
GLY
DIS
AG
REE
Sour
ce: C
ente
r for
Dig
ital E
duca
tion
Surv
ey, 2
013
2021
Net
wor
k con
nect
ivity
. No
stor
age a
rea
netw
ork
(SA
N) i
s an
isla
nd. T
o be
use
ful,
al-
mos
t all
stor
age n
eeds
to b
e on
an ac
cess
ible
in
tern
al n
etw
ork.
Muc
h of
it w
ill n
eed
to b
e ac
cess
ed b
etw
een
trus
ted
phys
ical
site
s, an
d so
me w
ill e
ven
need
to b
e ava
ilabl
e on
the
publ
ic In
tern
et (m
ore o
n se
curi
ty la
ter).
Net
wor
ks a
nd B
andw
idth
are
Cru
cial
for B
ig D
ata
In a
n ea
rlier
sect
ion,
we c
over
ed th
e suc
-ce
ss th
at S
cott
sdal
e and
oth
er d
istr
icts
hav
e ha
d ge
ttin
g th
eir c
ampu
ses w
ired
to th
e Int
er-
net.
Toda
y, it
goes
with
out s
ayin
g th
at K
-12
and
high
er e
duca
tion
inst
itutio
ns n
eed
netw
ork
band
wid
th, a
nd th
ey n
eed
it no
w. A
s new
ca-
paci
ty is
bro
ught
onl
ine,
appl
icat
ion
poss
ibili
-tie
s em
erge
. Cal
l it t
he ci
rcle
of n
etw
ork
life.
N
o in
stitu
tion
requ
ires
net
wor
ked
spee
d lik
e a r
esea
rch
univ
ersit
y. M
any
of th
ese i
nstit
u-tio
ns a
lrea
dy h
ave g
reat
conn
ectio
ns b
ut th
ey d
o no
t rea
ch o
ut in
to th
e com
mun
ity, a
nd to
geth
er
they
are
look
ing
to g
igab
it Et
hern
et n
etw
orks
as
the s
olut
ion.
Impl
emen
ting
thes
e pro
gram
s in
conj
unct
ion
with
the u
nive
rsity
can
bene
fit th
e br
oade
r com
mun
ity, s
omet
imes
thro
ugh
dire
ct
part
ners
hips
but
als
o ov
er th
e lon
ger t
erm
. Fo
r ins
tanc
e, th
e nat
iona
l Gig
.U p
roje
ct a
ims
to b
ring
ultr
a-hi
gh-s
peed
Inte
rnet
conn
ectiv
-ity
to u
nive
rsiti
es a
nd co
mm
uniti
es a
s a st
artin
g po
int f
or m
ore e
xten
sive b
road
band
initi
ativ
es.
Form
er F
CC A
dmin
istr
ator
Bla
ir L
evin
, now
th
e exe
cutiv
e dir
ecto
r of G
ig.U
, say
s tha
t uni
-ve
rsiti
es a
re lo
gica
l and
cost
-e!e
ctiv
e pla
ces t
o de
velo
p an
d te
st th
ese g
igab
it ne
twor
ks. T
hirt
y-se
ven
mem
ber u
nive
rsiti
es a
re w
orki
ng to
bui
ld
next
-gen
erat
ion
netw
orks
and
to g
alva
nize
the
spre
ad o
f the
se n
etw
orks
to o
ther
uni
vers
i-tie
s and
thei
r sur
roun
ding
com
mun
ities
.Th
e Uni
vers
ity o
f Was
hing
ton,
a G
ig.U
mem
ber,
in co
njun
ctio
n w
ith S
eatt
le, i
ssue
d an
d fil
led
a re
ques
t for
pro
posa
l (R
FP) t
o de
velo
p a g
igab
it ne
t-w
ork
in se
vera
l nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds in
Sea
ttle
, and
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f Chi
cago
is d
oing
som
ethi
ng si
mila
r in
its re
gion
. Jus
t thi
s yea
r, N
C St
ate —
in co
oper
atio
n w
ith G
ig.U
, thr
ee o
ther
uni
vers
ities
and
six
com
-m
uniti
es —
put
out
an
RFP
to th
e reg
ion
(Ral
eigh
–D
urha
m–C
hape
l Hill
and
Win
ston
/Sal
em) t
o br
ing
giga
bit c
onne
ctiv
ity to
Nor
th C
arol
ina r
esid
ents
an
d bu
sine
sses
. Thi
s par
tner
ship
look
s to
brin
g do
wn
cost
s by
shar
ing
asse
ts su
ch a
s the
uni
vers
i-tie
s’ “d
ark
fiber
” (i.e
., exc
ess fi
ber-
optic
capa
city
), so
the w
ider
com
mun
ity ca
n m
ore q
uick
ly re
ap
the b
usin
ess,
rese
arch
and
oth
er b
enefi
ts o
f thi
s hi
gh-s
peed
, hig
h-ca
paci
ty n
etw
orki
ng in
fras
truc
-tu
re. A
hig
h-sp
eed
netw
ork
wou
ld re
mov
e bar
rier
s to
all
kind
s of f
requ
ently
dis
cuss
ed b
ut n
ot-y
et-
feas
ible
idea
s, fr
om th
e pra
ctic
e of t
elem
edic
ine
and
dist
ance
edu
catio
n, in
clud
ing
trai
ning
in th
e pe
rfor
min
g ar
ts, t
o th
e spe
edy
and
relia
ble d
eliv
ery
of h
igh-
defin
ition
mov
ies t
o ho
me a
udie
nces
. T h
e G
ig.U
stra
tegy
is co
nsis
tent
with
tren
ds
in in
nova
tion
and
deve
lopm
ent:
Dr.
Hoi
t fro
m
NC
Stat
e pos
its th
at “m
ajor
inn
ovat
ion
com
es fr
om
a 30-
to 5
0-m
ile ra
dius
of u
nive
rsiti
es,”
notin
g th
at
in th
e hi
stor
y of
inno
vatio
n, “i
t fol
low
ed w
here
th
e te
legr
aph
wir
es w
ent;
it fo
llow
ed w
here
the
railr
oads
wen
t; it
even
tual
ly fo
llow
ed w
here
th
e hi
ghw
ays w
ent.
And
the
new
infr
astr
uctu
re
that
’s go
ing
to sp
ur in
nova
tion
is b
andw
idth
.”
BIG
DAT
A A
ND
TH
E C
LOU
D
Som
e m
ay th
ink
that
big
dat
a an
d th
e cl
oud
cann
ot c
o-ex
ist.
Afte
r all,
w
ith h
uge
amou
nts
of d
ata
sitt
ing
out i
n th
e cl
oud
in o
ne d
ata
cent
er,
how
cou
ld o
ther
sys
tem
s ac
cess
it?
As
it tu
rns
out,
the
netw
ork
is
the
answ
er, a
nd b
ig d
ata
in th
e cl
oud
is a
lread
y a
real
ity. A
s to
ols
beco
me
avai
labl
e to
mor
e us
ers
— te
ache
rs w
orki
ng a
t hom
e on
the
wee
kend
, stu
dent
s on
a fi
eld
trip
and
par
ents
aw
ay fr
om th
eir o
!ce
in
the
mid
dle
of th
e da
y —
a c
loud
com
putin
g st
rate
gy is
incr
easi
ngly
se
en a
s a
conv
enie
nt a
nd e
asily
acc
essi
ble
solu
tion.
Lenn
y Sc
had
from
Hou
ston
ISD
agr
ees:
“If
it’s
a cl
oud-
base
d so
lu-
tion,
now
you
hav
e pa
rent
s an
d st
uden
ts a
nd te
ache
rs a
nd a
dmin
-is
trat
ors
bein
g ab
le to
leve
rage
big
dat
a an
ytim
e, a
nyw
here
. It’s
not
re
stric
ted
to th
e sc
hool
day
any
mor
e.”
Big
dat
a isn
’t a o
nce-
and-
done
pro
posit
ion.
To
be va
luab
le, m
uch
of th
is da
ta n
eeds
to re
mai
n av
aila
ble f
or a
long
tim
e. In
orde
r to b
e pre
-se
rved
, hug
e vol
umes
of in
form
atio
n —
som
etim
es en
-tir
e dat
a war
ehou
ses —
ofte
n ne
ed to
be m
oved
from
on
e phy
sical
loca
tion
to an
othe
r. An
d po
wer
ful a
naly
t-ic
s dem
and
even
mor
e pow
erfu
l pro
cess
ing h
ardw
are.
This
real
ity cr
eate
s key
chal
leng
es in
the b
ig d
ata
mov
emen
t: st
orag
e, ne
twor
ks an
d co
mpu
ting p
ower
.
Sto
rage
, Sto
rage
and
Mor
e S
tora
geH
avin
g m
ore d
ata,
and
usi
ng it
e!e
ctiv
ely,
chan
ges t
he st
orag
e req
uire
men
ts o
f our
IT
ente
rpri
ses.
In fa
ct, 5
5 pe
rcen
t of K
-12
IT p
ro-
fess
iona
ls a
nd 4
7 per
cent
of h
ighe
r edu
catio
n IT
pro
fess
iona
ls sa
y th
at th
ey n
eed
to m
ake
impr
ovem
ents
to th
eir s
erve
r and
stor
age e
nvir
on-
men
ts in
ord
er to
acco
mm
odat
e and
inco
rpor
ate
mor
e adv
ance
d te
chno
logi
es, s
uch
as b
ig d
ata.
16
But t
his i
sn’t
just
abo
ut g
ettin
g m
ore s
pace
.Th
ere a
re o
ther
aspe
cts o
f sto
rage
that
coul
d m
ake
or b
reak
a bi
g dat
a pro
ject
. Con
sider
the f
ollo
win
g:D
ata
acce
ss sp
eed.
How
qui
ckly
can
you
get d
ata
onto
the d
isk
and
o! o
f it?
Or i
s you
r ope
ratio
n da
ta
even
stor
ed o
n a h
ard
disk
at a
ll (s
ome n
ew te
chno
l-og
ies a
re a
llow
ing
grea
ter i
n-m
emor
y pr
oces
sing
)?
Onc
e a b
ig d
ata a
pplic
atio
n is
in p
lace
, you
will
be
mak
ing
man
y m
ore “
read
s” a
nd “w
rite
s” th
an e
ver
befo
re. A
nd y
our u
sers
will
wan
t the
resu
lts fa
st.
Arch
ivin
g and
bac
kup.
The
re is
a si
mpl
e ans
wer
to
que
stio
ns o
f bac
kup
freq
uenc
y and
arc
hivi
ng:
Save
ever
ythi
ng fo
reve
r. Th
e pro
blem
is th
at th
is isn
’t pr
actic
al. W
e can
’t ke
ep ev
eryt
hing
fore
ver,
so
we n
eed
a sm
art p
lan
for k
eepi
ng w
hat w
e nee
d.
Use
rs sh
ould
be i
nfor
med
abou
t any
chan
ges.
Dat
a co
mpr
essi
on te
chni
ques
. Man
y ne
w st
or-
age s
yste
ms a
re ca
pabl
e of c
ompr
essi
ng d
ata,
not
m
erel
y st
orin
g it.
Thi
s sav
es d
isk
spac
e and
cons
e-qu
ently
, har
d do
llars
.
STOR
ING
DATA
A PL
ACE
TO
PUT
IT A
LL:
Stor
age,
Ban
dwid
th a
nd C
ompu
ting
Pow
er
Wha
t are
you
r inv
estm
ent p
riorit
ies?
63%
55%
45%
28%
18%
10%
5%
INTE
GR
ATIO
N
WIT
H E
XIST
ING
SY
STEM
S
AN
ALY
TIC
SD
ASH
BO
AR
DS
STO
RAG
ER
ESEA
RC
H/
SCIE
NC
E A
PPLI
CAT
ION
S
SOC
IAL
NET
WO
RK
SO
THER
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0
Sour
ce: C
ente
r for
Dig
ital E
duca
tion
Surv
ey, 2
013
2223
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% 0W
e al
l kno
w th
at se
curi
ty is
a ve
ry
impo
rtan
t con
sider
atio
n w
hen
wor
king
w
ith b
ig d
ata a
nd it
s app
licat
ions
. Th
e sh
arin
g of
so m
uch
data
ope
ns u
p a r
ange
of
impo
rtan
t sec
urity
conc
erns
— m
ore
than
can
be
adeq
uate
ly a
ddre
ssed
her
e. B
ut e
ven
at th
is st
age,
ou
r CD
E re
sear
ch d
rive
s thi
s poi
nt h
ome:
Sec
urity
is
at th
e to
p of
the
list o
f eve
ryon
e’s co
ncer
ns w
hen
it co
mes
to b
ig d
ata.
How
ever
, rea
l inf
orm
atio
n sa
fety
is p
ossi
ble
and
achi
evab
le if
edu
catio
n in
stitu
tions
adh
ere
to
the
bedr
ock
prin
cipl
es th
at h
ave
mad
e se
curi
ty
and
priv
acy
initi
ativ
es w
ork
in th
e pa
st. W
e ne
ed
to co
mpl
y w
ith th
e Fa
mily
Edu
catio
nal R
ight
s and
Pr
ivac
y Ac
t (FE
RPA
), of
cour
se. B
ut w
e ne
ed to
go
bey
ond
the
spec
ifics
of r
ules
and
pro
cedu
res
to le
vera
ge n
ew st
rate
gies
for a
ggre
gatin
g an
d
anal
yzin
g in
form
atio
n w
ithou
t com
prom
isin
g th
e ri
ghts
and
edu
catio
nal e
xper
ienc
es o
f tho
se w
ho
are
prov
idin
g th
e in
form
atio
n in
the
first
pla
ce.
One
pro
mis
ing
deve
lopm
ent i
s the
rece
nt
adva
nces
mad
e in
mas
king
dat
a at i
ts so
urce
. N
ew te
chni
ques
and
capa
bilit
ies f
or E
TL (e
xtra
ct,
tran
sfor
m, l
oad)
soft
war
e ap
plic
atio
ns a
llow
se
nsiti
ve d
ata t
o be
mas
ked
at th
e da
taba
se
leve
l whe
n br
ough
t int
o a d
ata w
areh
ouse
. Thi
s m
eans
that
eve
n if
som
eone
gai
ned
phys
ical
ac
cess
to th
e da
ta w
areh
ouse
’s da
taba
se, s
ensit
ive
info
rmat
ion
like
Soci
al S
ecur
ity n
umbe
rs w
ould
st
ill b
e ob
fusc
ated
. Mas
king
may
not
wor
k in
ev
ery
circ
umst
ance
, but
it’s
an in
dica
tion
of th
e ty
pes o
f cre
ativ
e ap
proa
ches
that
will
mak
e bi
g da
ta ap
plic
atio
ns p
ossi
ble
whi
le st
ill p
rote
ctin
g co
nfide
ntia
l stu
dent
and
inst
ruct
or in
form
atio
n. Q
SECU
RITY
& P
RIVA
CY
IN T
HE A
GE
OF
BIG
DAT
A
Wha
t are
som
e of
you
r dat
a ch
alle
nges
?
58%
48%
47%
43%
42%
SEC
UR
ITY
CO
NC
ERN
SA
NA
LYTI
CS
SUPP
OR
T/M
AIN
TEN
AN
CE
DAT
A
STR
UC
TUR
E O
R F
OR
MAT
PRIV
ILEG
E,
IDEN
TITY
OR
C
RED
ENTI
AL
MA
NAG
EMEN
T
DAT
A FI
ELD
S O
R D
ATA
C
OLL
ECTI
ON
40%
38%
27%
26%
AD
OPT
ING
A
BIG
DAT
A
CU
LTU
RE
INTE
RO
P-
ERA
BIL
ITY
DEP
LOYM
ENT
ISSU
ESFE
DER
ATIO
N
OF
IDEN
TITY
M
AN
AGEM
ENT
FOR
CR
OSS
-IN
STIT
UTI
ON
AL
USE
46%
44%
STO
RAG
E
Sour
ce: C
ente
r for
Dig
ital E
duca
tion
Surv
ey, 2
013
SECU
RING
DAT
A
Citie
s tha
t don
’t im
plem
ent t
hese
pro
gram
s in
thei
r com
mun
ities
will
be a
t a d
isadv
anta
ge.
Whe
n co
mpa
nies
cons
ider
whe
re to
loca
te, t
hey
look
for t
hree
thin
gs: “
A go
od su
pply
of w
ork-
ers (
in w
hich
case
they
look
for u
nive
rsiti
es
that
pro
duce
the k
ind
of g
radu
ates
they
wan
t to
hire
); a g
ood
livin
g env
ironm
ent,
whi
ch in
clud
es
good
scho
ols f
or th
eir c
hild
ren;
and
high
-spe
ed
Inte
rnet
conn
ectiv
ity, b
ecau
se yo
u ca
n’t r
un a
mod
ern
busin
ess w
ithou
t it,”
says
Dr.
Hoi
t.17
Just
How
Impo
rtan
t is
Com
puti
ng P
ower
to
Big
Dat
a?As
we n
oted
earli
er, t
he ap
plic
atio
ns fo
r big
da
ta ru
n th
e gam
ut fr
om te
achi
ng n
umbe
rs a
nd
lette
rs in
kin
derg
arte
n to
the h
eady
real
ms o
f ac
adem
ic re
sear
ch in
hig
her e
duca
tion.
The
Tr
ansla
tiona
l Gen
omic
s Res
earc
h In
stitu
te, o
r TG
en, i
s at t
he fa
r end
of t
his r
ange
in te
rms
of b
oth
com
plex
ity a
nd im
port
ance
. TG
en is
a no
npro
fit g
enom
ics r
esea
rch
inst
itute
that
is
usin
g dat
a fro
m th
e hum
an g
enom
e to
try t
o fin
d a c
ure f
or ca
ncer
. Its
spec
ific t
arge
t is c
ur-
ing n
euro
blas
tom
a in
four
-yea
r-ol
d ch
ildre
n.
Neu
robl
asto
ma i
s one
of t
he m
ost c
omm
on
canc
ers i
n ch
ildre
n, a
nd is
par
ticul
arly
har
d to
trea
t. It
isn’
t a si
ngle
dise
ase,
and
scie
n-tis
ts ca
n’t s
epar
ate o
ut th
e di!
eren
t typ
es o
f di
seas
e sim
ply b
y loo
king
und
er a
mic
rosc
ope.
To
find
a so
lutio
n, T
Gen
had
to d
ig d
eepe
r.TG
en’s
rese
arch
met
hodo
logy
invo
lves
ru
nnin
g a cl
inic
al tr
ial b
y util
izin
g per
sona
l-iz
ed m
edic
ine.
It st
arts
with
the a
naly
sis o
f an
indi
vidu
al p
atie
nt’s
tum
or b
y com
pari
ng
the t
umor
’s ge
nom
e and
a no
rmal
gen
ome.
This
give
s TG
en in
sight
into
the t
ypes
of t
reat
men
ts
that
can
be ap
plie
d fo
r eac
h sp
ecifi
c pat
ient
. Bu
t the
curr
ent t
rial r
equi
res t
he se
quen
cing
of
an
entir
e gen
ome.
And
since
thes
e pat
ient
s ar
e fou
r-ye
ar-o
ld ch
ildre
n, ti
min
g mat
ters
.Th
e pro
cess
of s
eque
ncin
g an
entir
e gen
ome i
s le
ngth
y, an
d ge
nera
tes t
rem
endo
us a
mou
nts o
f dat
a.
And
it’s o
nly b
ecom
ing m
ore c
ompl
icat
ed as
the
tria
l pro
gres
ses.
Whe
n TG
en st
arte
d, it
look
ed at
10
,000
mar
kers
acro
ss th
e gen
ome.
Toda
y, it
look
s at
mor
e tha
n 3 b
illio
n m
arke
rs a
nd it
coun
ts ea
ch o
f th
ose m
arke
rs 30
tim
es to
det
erm
ine w
hat’s
hap
-pe
ning
. As y
ou ca
n im
agin
e, th
is re
quire
s som
e se
rious
fire
pow
er fr
om T
Gen
’s ha
rdw
are a
nd
gene
rate
s a lo
t of d
ata t
o st
ore a
nd tr
ansp
ort.
To d
ecre
ase d
ata p
roce
ssin
g tim
e, in
crea
se th
e am
ount
of d
ata s
tora
ge a
nd a
llow
for e
asie
r tra
ns-
port
, TG
en p
artn
ered
with
a te
chno
logy
com
pany
to
acqu
ire n
ew se
rver
s on
a new
arc
hite
ctur
e. T
he
resu
lt w
as a
12-fo
ld in
crea
se in
com
putin
g po
wer
. Th
e new
arc
hite
ctur
e allo
ws f
or h
igh-
spee
d ac
cess
to
dat
a and
par
alle
l file
acce
ss. T
Gen
is a
lso
able
to
stor
e lar
ger a
mou
nts o
f dat
a, sp
ecifi
cally
thre
e tim
es th
e num
ber o
f cor
es, i
n th
e sam
e phy
sical
sp
ace.
With
all
of th
at co
mpu
ting
pow
er, T
Gen
pr
edic
ts th
at it
will
be a
ble t
o ge
t the
righ
t dru
g to
pa
tient
s muc
h fa
ster
. Thi
s, TG
en sa
ys, w
ould
hav
e be
en co
mpl
etel
y im
poss
ible
with
its l
egac
y sy
stem
s.M
oreo
ver,
TGen
is n
ow a
ble t
o ta
rget
new
da
ta a
naly
sis c
halle
nges
. Pri
or to
inst
allin
g th
e ne
w sy
stem
s, tim
e-se
nsiti
ve p
robl
ems w
ere o
! lim
its. T
Gen
coul
d an
alyz
e the
dat
a, b
ut it
took
to
o lo
ng to
get
the r
esul
ts b
ack
to th
e pat
ient
s to
mak
e any
sign
ifica
nt im
pact
. In
addi
tion,
the
smal
ler h
ardw
are f
ootp
rint
allo
ws T
Gen
to h
ouse
m
ore s
cien
tists
and
few
er co
mpu
ters
, and
its
new
arc
hite
ctur
e sys
tem
boa
sts i
nter
conn
ectiv
-ity
am
ong
syst
ems —
all
with
few
er ad
min
istr
a-to
rs a
nd n
o ad
ditio
nal s
pace
. Fin
ally
, TG
en’s
new
serv
ers u
se le
ss p
ower
and
impr
ove c
ost-
e"ci
ency
, whi
ch a
llow
s for
mor
e pat
ient
s to
be in
th
e tri
al a
nd h
elps
TG
en to
bet
ter m
ore l
ives
.18 Q
BR
ING
ING
IT A
LL
TOG
ETH
ER:
Dec
odin
g th
e Te
chno
logy
Ther
e ar
e m
any
part
s
to a
suc
cess
ful b
ig
data
infr
astr
uctu
re.
Her
e ar
e so
me
of th
e
mos
t im
port
ant o
nes:
▸ Se
rver
s an
d pr
oces
sing
ha
rdw
are
▸ St
orag
e ar
ea n
etw
orks
(S
AN) a
nd n
etw
ork-
atta
ched
sto
rage
(NAS
)▸
New
tech
nolo
gies
fo
r fas
ter a
cces
s
and
retr
ieva
l▸
Net
wor
k up
grad
es
and
band
wid
th
cons
ider
atio
ns,
i.e.,
next
-gen
erat
ion
netw
orks
for b
ig d
ata
▸ A
rchi
ving
and
dis
aste
r re
cove
ry
PHOTO COURTESY OF TGEN
TGen
is a
non
profi
t ge
nom
ics
rese
arch
in
stitu
te th
at is
usi
ng
data
from
the
hum
an
geno
me
to tr
y to
find
a
cure
for c
ance
r.
2425
prof
essi
onal
mas
ter’s
pro
gram
— “a
lmos
t an
appr
entic
e pr
ogra
m,”
Hoi
t exp
lain
s — d
edic
ated
to
pro
duci
ng a
naly
tic o
r dat
a sc
ient
ists
. In
the
Inst
itute
’s m
aste
r’s p
rogr
am fo
r dat
a an
alyt
ics,
stud
ents
are
taug
ht a
ll th
e sk
ill se
ts th
ey n
eed
to ta
ckle
big
dat
a pr
oble
ms o
ver 1
1 mon
ths.
If
its g
radu
ates
’ mul
tiple
job
o!er
s — a
ll at
the
top
end
of th
eir s
alar
y ra
nge
— a
re a
ny in
dica
tion,
th
e pr
ogra
m h
as b
een
very
succ
essf
ul.
Sinc
e its
ince
ptio
n, th
e pr
ogra
m h
as d
oubl
ed
in si
ze a
nd n
ow p
repa
res 8
0 st
uden
ts e
ach
year
fo
r a w
orkf
orce
in n
eed
of d
ata s
cien
tists
. The
st
uden
ts a
re h
eavi
ly in
volv
ed w
ith th
e ca
mpu
s de
part
men
ts a
nd b
eyon
d. E
ach
coho
rt is
div
ided
in
to te
ams o
f fou
r or fi
ve st
uden
ts. T
he p
rogr
am
dire
ctor
ass
igns
eac
h te
am a
prob
lem
; som
etim
es
that
pro
blem
will
com
e fr
om g
over
nmen
t age
ncie
s, su
ch a
s the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Jus
tice,
whi
ch m
ay,
for e
xam
ple,
wan
t hel
p so
rtin
g an
d m
akin
g se
nse
of la
rge
amou
nts o
f dat
a. O
ther
pro
blem
s m
ight
com
e fr
om p
riva
te in
dust
ry. F
or in
stan
ce,
a bus
ines
s may
nee
d he
lp p
roce
ssin
g th
e da
ta
gene
rate
d by
its m
achi
nery
, or i
dent
ifyin
g an
d/or
tr
acki
ng p
rodu
ctio
n-lin
e fla
ws a
nd in
e"ci
enci
es.
Stud
ents
in th
e pr
ogra
m le
arn
stat
istic
s, ho
w to
ext
ract
des
ired
info
rmat
ion
from
da
taba
ses,
how
to m
anag
e th
e sig
nal-t
o-no
ise
ratio
in d
ata s
ets,
how
to cl
ean
the
data
and
ho
w to
figu
re o
ut w
hat i
s req
uire
d of
the
data
for e
ach
uniq
ue p
robl
em to
mee
t the
cu
stom
er’s
requ
irem
ents
. With
hel
p fr
om th
e cl
ass m
ento
r, st
uden
ts a
re co
nnec
ted
with
the
peop
le w
hose
pro
blem
they
are
wor
king
on,
as
they
wou
ld b
e in
a re
al-w
orld
scen
ario
.W
ith a
stea
dy p
ipel
ine
(or a
t lea
st so
me
emer
ging
sour
ces)
of d
ata
scie
ntis
ts id
entifi
ed,
we
can
mov
e on
to o
verc
omin
g th
e ot
her
barr
iers
to a
dopt
ion
of b
ig d
ata.
We’
ll ne
ed
to id
entif
y ou
r sta
keho
lder
s, an
d so
licit
thei
r act
ive
invo
lvem
ent i
n ou
r pro
ject
s. W
e ne
ed to
secu
re so
lid e
xecu
tive
spon
sors
hip
whi
le p
rovi
ding
the
fund
ing
need
ed to
m
ake
proj
ects
and
pro
gram
s a su
cces
s. W
e’ll
need
to in
tegr
ate
IT sy
stem
s and
bus
ines
s pr
oces
ses,
and
over
com
e th
e ty
pica
l tur
f ba
ttle
s tha
t acc
ompa
ny th
em. A
nd fi
nally
, we
will
nee
d to
est
ablis
h a
com
preh
ensi
ve v
isio
n of
wha
t the
futu
re o
f big
dat
a will
look
like
. Q
Wha
t wou
ld h
elp
you
bett
er le
vera
ge b
ig d
ata?
28%
26%
16%
15%
5%4%
4%2%
PRO
FESS
ION
AL
DEV
ELO
PMEN
TFU
ND
ING
QUA
LIFI
ED
STAF
FC
HAN
GE
IN
CAM
PUS/
D
ISTR
ICT
C
ULT
URE
CH
ANG
E O
F P
OLI
CYBE
TTER
SE
CU
RITY
CH
ANG
E O
F G
OVE
RNAN
CE
OTH
ER
30%
25%
20%
15%
10% 5%
0
Sour
ce: C
ente
r for
Dig
ital E
duca
tion
Surv
ey, 2
013
OVER
COM
ING
CH
ALLE
NGES
Simpl
y pu
t, bi
g da
ta is
har
d w
ork.
But
w
ith p
lann
ing
and
e!ec
tive
dilig
ence
, pr
ojec
t ris
ks a
nd th
e ba
rrie
rs to
ad
optio
n ca
n be
ove
rcom
e. T
he fi
rst,
and
perh
aps m
ost g
lari
ng b
arri
er, i
s a la
ck o
f sk
illed
peo
ple.
Whe
re w
ill w
e ge
t the
peo
ple
we
need
, the
“dat
a sci
entis
ts” w
ho w
ill m
ake
big
data
a re
ality
for o
ur o
rgan
izat
ions
?Fo
rtun
atel
y, D
r. H
oit h
as a
n an
swer
fo
r thi
s as w
ell.
Wor
king
with
SA
S, D
r. M
icha
el R
appa
cre
ated
the
Inst
itute
for
Adva
nced
Ana
lytic
s at N
C St
ate,
the
natio
n’s
first
pro
fess
iona
l mas
ter’s
pro
gram
in
data
ana
lytic
s. O
ne y
ear,
a sin
gle
com
pany
o!
ered
to h
ire
the
prog
ram
’s en
tire
coho
rt
of 4
0 st
uden
ts. A
ccor
ding
to D
r. H
oit,
“Em
ploy
ers w
ant t
o co
me
to o
ne p
lace
an
d kn
ow th
at th
ey ca
n fin
d a l
arge
coho
rt
of p
ossi
ble
cand
idat
es a
nd h
ire
them
.” O
ther
hig
her e
duca
tion
inst
itutio
ns a
re
follo
win
g N
C St
ate’s
lead
and
dev
elop
ing
sim
ilar p
rogr
ams o
f the
ir o
wn.
Th
is p
rogr
am w
as a
natu
ral m
ove
for
NC
Stat
e, w
hose
repu
tatio
n fo
r big
dat
a le
ader
ship
is th
e w
ell-d
eser
ved
resu
lt of
de
cade
s of a
ccom
plis
hmen
ts in
dat
a ana
lysi
s. In
the
late
1970
s, a f
acul
ty m
embe
r and
so
me
grad
uate
stud
ents
foun
ded
wha
t has
be
com
e on
e of
the
wor
ld’s
larg
est a
nd m
ost
influ
entia
l dat
a ana
lysi
s com
pani
es, S
AS,
w
ith h
eadq
uart
ers n
ear N
C St
ate.
Dr.
Hoi
t ex
plai
ns th
at th
e un
iver
sity
’s pa
rtne
rshi
p w
ith th
is “g
ood
next
-doo
r nei
ghbo
r” le
d to
th
e cr
eatio
n of
the
Inst
itute
for A
dvan
ced
Ana
lytic
s abo
ut fi
ve y
ears
ago
. It i
s a
OVE
RCO
MIN
G
BARR
IER
S AN
D
MAK
ING
IT R
EAL
The
Inst
itute
for
Adv
ance
d A
naly
tics,
a
prof
essi
onal
m
aste
r’s p
rogr
am a
t N
C S
tate
, is
dedi
cate
d to
pro
duci
ng d
ata
scie
ntis
ts a
nd
prep
ares
80
stud
ents
ea
ch y
ear f
or th
is
spec
ializ
ed w
orkf
orce
, sa
ys D
r. H
oit o
f N
C S
tate
.
BRYAN REGAN
26
FROM
THE
PUB
LISH
ERCO
NCLU
SION
Lenny
Sch
ad se
es a
grea
t fut
ure
for b
ig d
ata.
Bu
t he
also
exp
ects
that
cur
rent
mod
es o
f th
inki
ng w
ill n
eed
to ch
ange
to m
ake
that
po
tent
ial a
real
ity. “
Big
data
conv
ersa
tions
typi
cally
ju
mp
dow
n in
to th
e w
eeds
, and
I th
ink
that
is
the
mos
t dan
gero
us p
ositi
on th
at w
e, a
s lea
ders
, ca
n ta
ke. I
thin
k th
e big
dat
a con
vers
atio
n, fr
om a
lead
ersh
ip p
ersp
ectiv
e, ne
eds t
o fo
cus o
n w
hat o
ur
expe
ctat
ions
are
, wha
t we w
ant p
eopl
e to
do w
ith
the d
ata a
nd p
repa
ring
them
for a
cces
s to
that
dat
a.”W
hile
the
chal
leng
es lo
om la
rge,
the
pote
ntia
l be
nefit
s are
larg
er st
ill. I
mag
ine
havi
ng a
co
nver
satio
n w
ith a
stud
ent j
ust a
s his
or h
er
acad
emic
trou
ble
star
ts, i
nste
ad o
f man
y m
onth
s af
ter t
he p
robl
ems h
ave
beco
me
full
blow
n an
d ob
viou
s. Im
agin
e to
ols t
hat l
et in
stru
ctor
s app
ly
the
best
, mos
t res
earc
h-pr
oven
inte
rven
tions
to
the
stud
ents
who
nee
d th
em. I
mag
ine
adm
inis
trat
ors w
ho a
re a
war
e of
the
pote
ntia
l tr
ends
in th
eir s
choo
l’s p
erfo
rman
ce —
up
or
dow
n —
and
can
act
on
them
bef
ore
anyt
hing
ir
repa
rabl
e ha
ppen
s.Im
agin
e a c
ampu
s whe
re d
ata i
sn’t
just
colle
cted
fo
r pos
teri
ty in
a du
sty
mai
nfra
me,
but
min
ed
in re
al ti
me
for a
ctio
nabl
e in
sight
s. W
here
the
cam
pus a
ntic
ipat
es th
e ne
eds o
f the
stud
ent a
nd
mee
ts th
em —
bef
ore
the
stud
ent e
ven
asks
. And
w
here
inst
ruct
ors a
re e
mpo
wer
ed to
do
wha
t the
y do
bes
t: ed
ucat
e th
e ne
xt g
ener
atio
n of
lead
ers.
This
isn’
t a d
ream
. With
som
e el
bow
gre
ase
an
d th
e ri
ght b
ig d
ata t
ools
, it c
ould
ver
y m
uch
be
real
ity. Q
BIG
DAT
A LE
ADS
TO B
IG R
ESU
LTS
26SHUTTERSTOCK
The
pote
ntia
l of
big
dat
a in
ed
ucat
ion
is h
uge.
It
allo
ws
cam
puse
s to
ant
icip
ate
the
need
s of
th
eir s
tude
nts,
an
d em
pow
ers
inst
ruct
ors
to d
o w
hat t
hey
do b
est:
educ
ate
the
next
ge
nera
tion
of
lead
ers.
SOLUTION SPOTLIGHT:
BIG
DAT
A. T
wo
little
wor
ds w
ith
such
pro
mis
e fo
r edu
catio
n. W
heth
er it
’s
Com
mon
Cor
e St
ate
Stan
dard
s, o
nlin
e te
stin
g, IE
Ps o
r jus
t a g
ener
al d
esire
to
tailo
r les
sons
to a
n in
divi
dual
stu
dent
’s
need
s, d
ata
is a
hug
e ke
y to
suc
cess
. Lu
ckily
, the
re’s
no
shor
tage
of d
ata
— b
ut
brin
ging
it a
ll to
geth
er in
a m
eani
ngfu
l w
ay is
not
nec
essa
rily
easy
. Tha
t’s w
here
B
ig D
ata
and
Bus
ines
s In
tellig
ence
so
lutio
ns c
an h
elp
— c
onve
rting
dat
a to
us
able
info
rmat
ion,
whi
ch in
turn
giv
es
educ
ator
s th
e in
sigh
t the
y ne
ed to
mak
e m
eani
ngfu
l cha
nges
in th
e cl
assr
oom
.D
istri
cts
have
end
less
sou
rces
of d
ata
avai
labl
e to
them
. The
re’s
uns
truct
ured
da
ta th
at’s
hel
d in
spr
eads
heet
s, d
epar
t-m
enta
l rep
orts
and
eve
n so
cial
med
ia.
Ther
e’s
also
stru
ctur
ed d
ata
like
test
sc
ores
bro
ken
out b
y gr
ade
leve
l, ge
nder
,
ethn
icity
and
soc
ioec
onom
ic s
tatu
s.
Toda
y, te
ache
rs a
nd a
dmin
istra
tors
sp
end
a lo
t of t
ime
look
ing
at a
ll th
ese
piec
es to
ens
ure
that
they
are
hel
ping
th
eir s
tude
nts
whe
re th
ey n
eed
it th
e m
ost.
This
is w
here
Big
Dat
a co
mes
in.
Bus
ines
s In
tellig
ence
gar
nere
d fro
m
Big
Dat
a he
lps
dist
ricts
qui
ckly
gen
erat
e ac
tiona
ble
insi
ghts
from
eve
r-gro
win
g vo
lum
es o
f int
erna
l and
ext
erna
l dat
a to
mak
e be
tter d
ecis
ions
that
can
im
prov
e te
achi
ng. D
istri
cts
can
then
la
yer t
his
info
rmat
ion
and
brin
g it
all
toge
ther
thro
ugh
Bus
ines
s In
tellig
ence
an
d B
usin
ess
Ana
lytic
s. T
hese
tool
s gi
ve e
duca
tors
the
abilit
y to
ext
ract
an
d le
vera
ge th
e da
ta in
nea
r rea
l tim
e w
ithou
t alw
ays
havi
ng to
dep
end
on
othe
r res
ourc
es, s
uch
as IT
, to
deliv
er th
e re
sults
. Fin
ally,
Big
Dat
a an
d B
usin
ess
Inte
lligen
ce s
trate
gy c
an lo
wer
tota
l cos
t of
ow
ners
hip
(TC
O) b
y le
vera
ging
new
er
depl
oym
ent m
odel
s to
o! s
et li
mite
d IT
reso
urce
s, w
hile
impr
ovin
g R
OI o
n ex
istin
g in
vest
men
ts th
roug
h co
nsol
ida-
tion,
impr
oved
use
and
end
-use
r tra
inin
g.
need
hel
p na
viga
ting
the
com
plex
ity
of d
ata’
s vo
lum
e, v
eloc
ity a
nd v
arie
ty
to c
reat
e a
solu
tion
that
mee
ts e
ach
dist
rict’s
uni
que
need
s —
with
a fa
ster
tim
e to
insi
ght,
grea
ter p
rodu
ctiv
ity a
nd
mar
ket-l
eadi
ng p
artn
ers,
com
bine
d w
ith
its te
am o
f tec
hnol
ogy
expe
rts p
rovi
de
dist
ricts
with
full
supp
ort —
ass
essm
ent,
desi
gn, p
roof
-of-c
once
pt, i
mpl
emen
ta-
tion
and
supp
ort —
to e
nsur
e su
cces
s.B
ig D
ata.
Tw
o lit
tle w
ords
with
so
muc
h op
portu
nity
for e
duca
tion.
1.80
0.80
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emai
l cdw
gsal
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r vis
it C
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om.
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ATA
Dat
a to
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rmat
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t —
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ise a
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ppor
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BLA
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YELLO
W
MA
GEN
TA
CYA
N
Spec
ial R
epor
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BU
ILT
TOU
GH
. Th
is m
achi
ne is
des
igne
d to
with
stan
d w
ear
and
tear
in
fl ict
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y ev
en t
he t
ough
est
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. An
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ubbe
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aga
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nic
ks
and
bum
ps. I
n ad
diti
on, a
spi
ll-re
sist
ant
keyb
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can
ha
ndle
milk
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wat
er w
ith e
ase.
TRU
E 1:
1 LE
AR
NIN
G.
Leno
vo is
wor
king
to
prov
ide
the
digi
tal f
ound
atio
n ne
eded
fo
r 1:
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earn
ing.
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ls a
nd a
pplic
atio
ns, i
nclu
ding
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feat
ured
in t
he I
ntel
® Edu
catio
n S
erie
s, h
elp
stud
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n,
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ove
teac
her
usab
ility
, and
hel
p pa
rent
s m
onito
r st
uden
t ac
tivity
. Plu
s S
tone
war
e pr
ovid
es s
ecur
e an
d sh
ared
ac
cess
to
cour
sew
ork,
res
earc
h an
d pa
pers
.
Leno
vo re
serv
es th
e rig
ht to
alte
r pro
duct
offe
rings
and
spe
ci! c
atio
ns a
t any
tim
e w
ithou
t not
ice.
Mod
els
pict
ured
are
for i
llLe
novo
logo
, For
Tho
se W
ho D
o lo
go, a
nd T
hink
Pad.
Int
el, t
he In
tel l
ogo,
Inte
l Ins
ide,
Inte
l Cor
e, C
ore
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e, a
nd In
tel X
eon
Stat
es a
nd o
ther
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ntrie
s or
bot
h. O
ther
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pany
, pro
duct
and
ser
vice
nam
es m
ay b
e tra
dem
arks
or s
ervic
e m
arks
of o
ther
s. ©
201
PRIN
T SO
LUTI
ON
S PR
OVI
DE:
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ndco
mmunications
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ataandrepo
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isciplinary,health
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Teach
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rs to
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rovi
de
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eedb
ack
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tude
nt p
rogr
ess
and
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e cu
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lum
co
rrect
ions
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y lo
ok to
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nolo
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de
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d an
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tude
nt a
chie
ve-
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t rel
ies
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ime
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k st
uden
t pro
gres
s an
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imin
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cess
ary
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inis
trativ
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sks.
The
se b
est-
in-c
lass
prin
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che
ck d
ata
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ral p
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gula
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ysic
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ata,
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ubbe
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ig
data
.” A
lthou
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is c
an b
e da
untin
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o ha
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e ca
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lity
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catio
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ntia
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ig d
ata,
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sta
! be
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ieve
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t
BY
DO
NN
A B
OIV
IN,
ED
UC
AT
ION
SO
LU
TIO
NS
SE
NIO
R C
ON
SU
LTA
NT
FO
R D
EL
L,
INC
.
Educ
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n D
ata
Man
agem
ent S
yste
m
Dat
a
War
ehou
sing
/ Lo
ngitu
dina
l Dat
a S
yste
ms
Dat
a A
naly
tics/
Ed
ucat
ion
Inte
llige
nce
Onl
ine
U
ser P
orta
lM
aste
r Dat
a
Man
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ent
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n w
e de
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d to
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ate
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ngitu
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l D
ata
Sys
tem
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ur d
istri
ct, D
ell p
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ded
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echn
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y an
d su
ppor
t ser
vice
s w
e ne
eded
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e ar
e ex
cite
d fo
r the
exp
ecte
d re
sults
.”
—
Gor
don
Kno
pp, D
irect
or o
f Tec
hnol
ogy
(CIO
), La
ram
ie C
ount
y S
choo
l
Dis
trict
#1,
Che
yenn
e, W
Y
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ll no
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e w
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ne n
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port.
I ex
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t
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e up
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ut o
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hird
of m
y tim
e fo
r mor
e
val
ue-a
dded
task
s.”
—
Din
o C
ehic
, Pro
gram
mer
Ana
lyst
, Rob
ert M
orris
Uni
vers
ity
For a
dditi
onal
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Sponsored Content��
Sponsors:
THE CENTER FOR DIGITAL EDUCATION
is a national research and advisory institute
specializing in K-12 and higher education
technology trends, policy, and funding. CDE
advises the industry, conducts relevant research,
issues white papers, and produces premier annual
surveys and awards programs. CDE also hosts
events for the education community. CDE’s media
platform includes the Center for Digital Education
Special Reports, an online resource site, email
newsletters, and custom publications.
Acknowledgements: JOHN MIRI, Senior Fellow at the Center for Digital
Education, is a nationally recognized expert on
Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence who
is frequently called upon to address the impact of
Big Data on education at the federal, state, and local
levels. Miri developed a district-wide longitudinal Data
Warehouse and Teacher Dashboard solution for a large urban school
district serving more than 90,000 students and he has advised a state
education agency on the technical architecture, enterprise governance,
and project management for a Big Data initiative that will ultimately serve
more than 500,000 teachers and administrators. Prior to his work in
government and education, Miri designed and deployed Data Warehouse
and Business Intelligence solutions to leading companies in the private
sector. Miri is the principal inventor on U.S. Patent #7,571,138 — an
advanced data management software tool for financial risk management.
Miri graduated from Harvard University with an honors degree in Physics.
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