biggest power plant on the earth

8/6/2019 Biggest Power Plant on the Earth

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Biggest power plant on the Earth

ITAIPU- Largest power plant on the Earth- 12600MW of Hydro power

Total view of the IT AIPU power plantLeft part shows overflow (spillway), the power station

is located in the middle.

At the bottom of the 196 m tall dam, the white tubes

are containing the inlets for the 18 turbines (715 MWeach).


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On top of the 7.6 km dam, a 12 800 000 m ofconcretewas used for the project ITAIPU.

The lake created by ITAPU dam . Its area reaches 1350 km2, its length 170 km and its average width 7


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km.

One 715 MW electrical generatorThe diameter of the rotor is almost 16 m, the rotating mass

Inside the ITAIPU PowerhouseDimensions: length: 986 m, maximum height: 112 m and width: 99m.The red line on the floor indicates the border of Brazil and Paraguay.


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One 715 MW electrical generatorThe diameter of the rotor is almost 16 m, the rotating mass i s 2 650 t

The control center of the 18 generatorsLeft half of it (in Brazil) controls the 60 Hz units, right half (in Paraguay)

controls the 50 Hz units.


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A 18 kV to 525 kV transformator for 825 MVATo increase the voltage To increase the voltage of the gen erators,

transformers with a capacity of 825 MVA and 768 MV(for 50 and 60 Hzrespectively) were specified.

Power switches for high voltagesPower switches at the "Left Bank Substation" (FURNAS).

The AC-DC rectifierThe FURNAS rectifier substation is accomplished by four lines of of 500

kV.Output DC voltages a re symmetrical 500 000 Volt SC.


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Electricity (AC) leaving ITAPU to Sao Paulo6 300 MW of electrical power generated by the 60 Hz units is transportedby an 891 km AC transmission system, formed by three lines of 750 kV.

"Peanuts"- a word often used from so called "economic experts" andrepresentatives when it comes to Renewable Energies.

"Not sufficient", "unreliable", "not feasible", are common bias.

ITAIPU shows they are wrong! Having more power than 10 nuclearpower stations it supplies the second largest city on the planet with zero-

emission electricity since 1984, still being extended until 1991. 26% ofthe electri cal power consumption of Brazil and 78% of Paraguay are

supplied by ITAIPU.

Located at the Brazilian-Paraguaian border and not far from theArgentinian border, the first step of the initiation was already in 1966when the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil and Paraguay signed a

joint statement known as the "Act of Ygazu". By this a study andevaluation of the hydraulic resources of the Parana river (owned jointly

by Brazil and Paraguay) followed.

On April, 26, 1973, the two governments of the states signed a treaty"for the development of the hydroelectric resources of the Parana River"

and founded "ITAIPU Binacional" (cooperation with the legal,administrative and financial capacities and technical responsibility to

plan, set up and operate the plant) in May, 17, 1974.

The construction work started in 1975, reaching its peak in 1978 with 30000 people at work. Monthly on-site concrete production reached 338

000 m. In total, 15 times the mass of concrete used for the"Eurotunnel" was supplied. The height of the dam reaches 196 m, its

length 7.76 km. The lake created by this is 170 km long and contains 29billion tons of water.

Unit 1 started to operate in December 1983. Electrical grid connection to

Paraguay was established in March 1984, Brazil was connected 5 monthslater. In March 1991 the last unit ( No.18) was put into operation.


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The water intake of one single 715 MW Francis-turbine is 700 m/s, itsweighted efficiency is 93.8%.

Each year ITAPU generates 75 TWh of electricity and avoids 67.5 milliontons of carbon dioxide emissions - compared to coal power plants.

The final cost of ITAIPU amounts to US$ 20 billion, 50% of this value aredirect investments and balance financial charges.

If whole area of the lake - at nominal level - would be covered by solarmodules the power of the would be 135 000 MW p, which would produce230 TWh a year. For the same yearly output as ITAIPU a solar PV-plant

would cost US$ 132 billion

Technical DataPowerhouse and Main DamLocation of the Equipment and Principal ElevationsPowerhouse (18 units including erection bays) - (m)Length 968Width 99Height 112Roof level 148Generator hall floor level 108Spacing between units 34

01 - El 40 - Foundation of the dam02 - El 92,4 - Access to turbine pit03 - El 98,5 - Unit auxiliary service - Pure water system04 - El 98,5

- Excitation system, access to generator housing and speedgoverno

05 - El 108- Step-up transformers06 - El 108- Generator hall floor and local control rooms07 - El 122- Ventilation system08 - El127,6 - Cable gallery09 - El128,2 - GIS - SF610 - El - Principal panels of AC auxiliary service and diesel generator


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133,2 hall11 - El 144- Dam auxiliary service12 - El 214- Gate hydraulic pump group

Rolling track of gantry craneRolling track (m)Span 10,00Total length 857,6Rail-top elevation 225

PenstocksQuantity 18Weight each penstock (t) 883Internal diameter (m) 10,5Developed length (m) 142,2Rated flow (m / s) 690

Water Intake TrashracksQuantity 18Rack panels per intake 24 (m) 4,7 x 5,5


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Trashrack Cleaning MachineQuantity 2Jib crane capacity (kN) 200Vertical lift of rake (m) 61,5Rake capacity (m / kN) 2/2,5

Service Gates (Fixed wheel type)Quantity 18Span (m) 8,2Total height (m) 19,3Sill beam elevation (m) 177,6Maximum flow through gate (m/s) 750

Stop-logsSill beam elevation (m) 177,2Span (m) 7,5Height (m) 17,5Quantity 7

Gantry cranesQuantity 2Capacity (kN) 1.100/400Max. hoisting speed 50/60 Hz (m/min.)

4,6/5,5Min. hoisting speed 50/60 Hz (m/min.) 1,7/2,0

Rated travel speed 50/60 Hz (m/min.) 25/30

GeneratorQuantity 18


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Frequency 60 Hz (9 un.) / 50 Hz (9 un.)Rated power 50 / 60 Hz (MVA) 823,6 / 737,0Rated voltage (kV) 18Number of poles 50 / 60 Hz 66 / 78Moment of inertia - GD2 (t.m) 320.000Power factor 50 / 60 Hz 0,85 / 0,95Heaviest component - rotor (t) 1.760Weight of each unit 50 / 60 Hz (t) 3.343 / 3.242

TurbineQuantity 18Type FrancisRated power (MW) 715Design speed - 50 / 60 Hz (rpm) 90,9 /92,3Net design head (m) 118,4Rated flow (m/s) 645Heaviest component - rotor (t) 296Weight of each unit (t) 3.360


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Bank of Single-Phase Transformers50 Hz 9 + 2 Reserve Units60 Hz 9 + 2 Reserve UnitsRated Power of Each Bank50 / 60 Hz (MVA) 825/768Impulse Level (Phase/Neutral)High Voltage (kV) 1.550/110Low Voltage (kV) 125Type of connection - YWeight of each transformer (kg)217 x 103 (50 Hz)189 x 103 (60 Hz)Cooling forced oil and water

SF6 Gas Insulated SubstationMaximum Rated Voltage (kV) 550Rated Current (A) 4.000Rated Break Current (kA) 63Quantity of Circuit Breakers 52Length of Enclosed Busbars Isolated by SF6 Gas (m) 7.500SF6 Pressure in the Circuit Breakers (kPa) 620Quantity of Isolation Switches 124Quantity of Current Transformers 396Quantity of Potential Transformers 24Quantity of Surge Arresters 126Mass of SF6 Gas (kg) 108 x 103


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SCADA - Supervisory Control and DataAcquisitionThe SCADA System, is a means of supervision and control based oncomputers. The general purpose of this System is to provide the PlantOperators with detailed and automatic information in a centralized form -at present being distributed over more that 1,500 panels in the diversegalleries along the length of the power plant - and organized in real time(that is, at the instant of occurrence) concerning the electrical,mechanical, thermal and hydraulic conditions of the eq uipment and theinstallations. This will permit the operators in the Central Control Roomto exercise a permanent analysis of the situation and facilitate taking thecorrect and appropriate decisions within the time limits necessary tomaintain the generation of energy.Its operation is based on the installation of electronic devices in thediverse units of equipment in the Power Plant (generators, turbines,transformers, etc.) for the automatic acquisition of operationalinformation. This information will be transferred to a central computer,where it will be processed by specific software. When the softwareidentifies abnormal conditions, the Operators will be instantly informedby signals on the computer monitors. The required corrective actions orcommands can be taken through these same computers.The SCADA System is scheduled to be installed by the middle of 2002 andwill provide the Operators with supervision over approximately 18,000points, significantly imp roving the operating conditions of the Plant andpermitting, in many cases, the prevention of disconnections, as well asallowing greater speed of recovery from the operational problems thatmay occur.


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Transmission system

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biggest power plant on the earth

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