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Cloud Computing 2010

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CONTENTS

1. Introduction 2

2. Key Charectoristics 3

3. What is Cloud platform 4

a. Saasb. Attached services

c. Cloud platforms

d. Haas 5

4. What is Cloud computing? 7

5. Different levels of cloud computing

a. Software as a Service

b. Platform as a Service

c. Infrastructure as a Service

d. Hardware aa a sexe

6 Architecture implications and principles 9a. Business Architecture

b. Application Architecture

c. Technology Architecture

7. Implementing cloud computing 10

d. Private clouds

e. Public clouds

f. Hybrid clouds

8. Case Study of Cloud Services 12

9 Cloud operating System10. Cloud Protocol 12

11 . Cherrypal CloudComputer 20

12 . IBM Blue Cloud 20

13. Advantages and Disadvantages 21

14 . Conclusion 22

15. Reference 23




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1. Introduction

Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software and

information are provided to computers and other devices on-demand, like electricity.

Computing is being transformed to a model consisting of services that are

commoditized and delivered in a manner similar to traditional utilities such as water,

electricity, gas, and telephony. In such a model, users access services based on their

requirements without regard to where the services are hosted or how they are

delivered. Several computing paradigms have promised to deliver this utility computing

vision and these include cluster computing, Grid computing, and more recently Cloud

computing. The latter term denotes the infrastructure as a Cloud from which

businesses and users are able to access applications from anywhere in the world on

demand. Thus, the computing world is rapidly transforming towards developing

software for millions to consume as a service, rather than to run on their individual

computers.

At present, it is common to access content across the Internet independently

without reference to the underlying hosting infrastructure. This infrastructure consistsof data centers that are monitored and maintained around the clock by content

providers. Cloud computing is an extension of this paradigm wherein the capabilities of

business applications are exposed as sophisticated services that can be accessed over a

network. Cloud service providers are incentivized by the profits to be made by charging

consumers for accessing these services. Consumers, such as enterprises, are attracted

by the opportunity for reducing or eliminating costs associated with in-house

provision of these services. However, since cloud applications may be crucial to the core

business operations of the consumers, it is essential that the consumers have

guarantees from providers on service delivery. Typically, these are provided through

Service Level Agreements (SLAs) brokered between the providers and consumers.

Providers such as Amazon, Google, Salesforce, IBM, Microsoft, and Sun

Microsystems have begun to establish new data centers for hosting Cloud computing

applications in various locations around the world to provide redundancy and ensure

reliability in case of site failures. Since user requirements for cloud services are varied,

service providers have to ensure that they can be flexible in their service delivery while

keeping the users isolated from the underlying infrastructure. Recent advances in

microprocessor technology and software have led to the increasing ability of

commodity hardware to run applications within Virtual Machines (VMs) efficiently. VMs

allow both the isolation of applications from the underlying hardware and other VMs,

and the customization of the platform to suit the needs of the end-user. Providers can

expose applications running within VMs, or provide access to VMs themselves as a

service (e.g. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud) thereby allowing consumers to install their

own applications. While convenient, the use of VMs gives rise to further challenges suchas the intelligent allocation of physical resources for managing competing resource

demands of the users.




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2.Key Characteristics

y Cost is greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure. This

lowers barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does not

need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a

utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and minimal or no IT skillsare required for implementation.

y Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser

regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g., PC, mobile. As infrastructure

is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet the users can

connect from anywhere.

y Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users, allowing

for:

y Centralization of infrastructure in areas with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity,

etc.)

y Peak-l

oad capaci

ty increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)

y Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10-20% utilized.

y Reliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes it suitable for

business continuity and disaster recovery. Nonetheless, most major cloud computing

services have suffered outages and IT and business managers are able to do little when they

are affected.

y Scalability via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-

service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. Performance is

monitored and consistent and loosely-coupled architectures are constructed using web

services as the system interface.

y Security typically improves due to centralization of data, increased security-focused

resources, etc., but raises concerns about loss of control over certain sensitive data. Security

is often as good as or better than traditional systems, in part because providers are able to

devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford. Providers

typically log accesses, but accessing the audit logs themselves can be difficult or impossible.

y Sustainability comes about through improved resource utilization, more efficient systems,

and carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, computers and associated infrastructure are major

consumers of energy.




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3.What is a cloud platform?

The coming shift to cloud computing is a major change in our industry. One of the

most important parts of that shift is the advent of cloud platforms. As its name suggests,

this kind of platform lets developers write applications that run in the cloud, or use

services provided from the cloud, or both. Different names are used for this kind of platform today, including on-demand platform and platform as a service (PaaS).

Whatever its called, this new way of supporting applications has great potential.

To see why, think about how application platforms are used today. When a

development team creates an on-premises application (i.e., one that will run within an

organization), much of what that application needs already exists. An operating system

provides basic support for executing the application, interacting with storage, and more,

while other computers in the environment offer services such as remote storage. If the

creators of every on-premises application first had to build all of these basics, wed have

many fewer applications today.

Similarly, if every development team that wishes to create a cloud application must

first build its own cloud platform, we wont see many cloud applications. Fortunately,

vendors are rising to this challenge, and a number of cloud platform technologies are

available today. The goal of this overview is to categorize and briefly describe those

technologies as theyre seen by someone who creates enterprise applications.

Cloud platform in context:Three kinds of cloud services:

To get a grip on cloud platforms, its useful to start by looking at cloud services in

general. As Figure 1 shows, services in the cloud can be grouped into three broad

categories.Those categories are:

Software as a service (SaaS ): A SaaS application runs entirely in the cloud

(that is, on servers at an Internet-accessible service provider). The on-premises




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client is typically a browser or some other simple client. The most well-known

example of a SaaS application today is probably Salesforce.com, but many, many

others are also available.

Attached services: Every on-premises application provides useful functions

on its own. An application can sometimes enhance these by accessing application-

specific services provided in the cloud. Because these services are usable only bythis particular application, they can be thought of as attached to it. One popular

consumer example of this is Apples iTunes: The desktop application is useful for

playing music and more, while an attached service allows buying new audio and

video content. Microsofts Exchange Hosted Services provides an enterprise

example, adding cloud-based spam filtering, archiving, and other services to an on-

premises Exchange server.

Cl oud pl atforms: A cloud platform provides cloud-based services for creating

applications. Rather than building their own custom foundation, for example, the

creators of a new SaaS application could instead build on a cloud platform. As Figure

1 shows, the direct users of a cloud platform are developers, not end users.

H ardware as a service: In Cloud computing the user can access the

hardware resources from the cloud service provider with a rent basis. Thus we canconvert the minimal configured computer into super computer




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4.What is cloud computing?Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the

Internet and the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those

services. The services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a Service

(SaaS), so we use that term. The datacenter hardware and software is what we will call a

Cloud.When a Cloud is made available in a pay-as-you-go manner to the public, it is

called a Public Cloud; the service being sold is Utility Computing. Current examples of

public Utility Computing include AmazonWeb Services, Google AppEngine, and

Microsoft Azure. The term Private Cloud to refer to internal datacenters of a business or

other organization that is not made available to the public. Thus, Cloud Computing is the

sum of SaaS and Utility Computing, but does not normally include Private Clouds. Figure

2 shows the roles of the people as users or providers of these layers of Cloud

Computing.

From a hardware point of view, three aspects are new in Cloud Computing

1. The illusion of infinite computing resources available on demand, thereby

eliminating the need for Cloud Computing users to plan far ahead for provisioning;

2. The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users, thereby allowing

companies to start small and increase hardware resources only when there is an

increase in their needs; and

3. The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as

needed (e.g., processors by the hour and storage by the day) and release them as

needed, thereby rewarding conservation by letting machines and storage go when they

are no longer useful.

Figure 2 roles of t he people as users or providers




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5.Different Levels of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is typically divided into three levels of service offerings:

Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a

service (IaaS). These levels support virtualization and management of differing levels of

the solution stack.

Figure 4

a. Software as a Service

A SaaS provider typically hosts and manages a given application in their own

data center and makes it available to multiple tenants and users over the Web. Some




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SaaS providers run on another cloud providers PaaS or IaaS service offerings. Oracle

CRM On Demand, Salesforce.com, and Netsuite are some of the well known SaaS

examples.

b. Platform as a Service

Platform as a Service (PaaS) is an application development and deployment platform delivered as a service to developers over the Web. It facilitates development

and deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and

managing the underlying infrastructure, providing all of the facilities required to

support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and services

entirely available from the Internet. This platform consists of infrastructure software,

and typically includes a database, middleware and development tools. A virtualized and

clustered grid computing architecture is often the basis for this infrastructure software.

Some PaaS offerings have a specific programming language or API. For example, Google

AppEngine is a PaaS offering where developers write in Python or Java. EngineYard is

Ruby on Rails. Sometimes PaaS providers have proprietary languages like force.com

from Salesforce.com and Coghead, now owned by SAP.

c. Infrastructure as a Service

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the delivery of hardware (server, storage and

network), and associated software (operating systems virtualization technology, file

system), as a service. It is an evolution of traditional hosting that does not require any

long term commitment and allows users to provision resources on demand. Unlike PaaS

services, the IaaS provider does very little management other than keep the data center

operational and users must deploy and manage the software services themselves--just

the way they would in their own data center. Amazon Web Services Elastic Compute

Cloud (EC2) and Secure Storage Service (S3) are examples of IaaS offerings.

d. Hardwareasa service

Using the hardware resources and Processing power online is called Hardware as a

service.Think that there are 100 employees in client company and they were doing a

work which requires high storage area,memory and processing power then the client

company has to investigate a large amount of money for that and if these large

resources are not needed for the company in future it is burden to the company,then

there is the need of the HaaS,In which the company uses the resources of the Cloud

Provider in payment base and after that use the resources are given back to the Cloud

Provider




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6. Architecture Implications and Principles

To take full advantage of the benefits of Cloud computing, there are a number of

architectural implications that should be observed.

a. Business Arc

hitecture

Cloud offers unprecedented control in allocating resources dynamically to meet

the changing needs of a business. This is only effective when the businesses service level

objectives have been clearly articulated and guide the clouds enterprise management

layer. Application performance metrics and SLAs must be carefully documented and

monitored for an effective cloud deployment.

To maximize the distributed capabilities afforded by clouds, business processes

should identify areas where asynchronous or parallel processes can be used.

Key Business Architectural Principles

Business Alignment, Cost Optimization

Compliance with Laws and Regulations

Business Agility

Minimize Cost

b. Application Architecture

Application services should abstract resource allocation and avoid the tight

binding of its resources to invokers of the service. Dependencies on static references to

infrastructure (for example, storage, servers, network resources), as well as tightly

coupled interfaces to dedicated systems, should be avoided.

To take advantage of the clouds scalability capabilities, applications should take

advantage of distributed application design and utilize multi-threading whereverpossible. Applications should leverage distributed locking, GUID generation, and

integration layers to provide the greatest flexibility in deploying on a cloud.

Key Application Architectural Principles

Technology Independence, Adherence to Standards

Common Development Methodology

Loosely coupled Interfaces.

c. Information Architecture

Cloud computing offers the potential to utilize information anywhere in thecloud. This increases the complexity associated with meeting legal and regulatory

requirements for sensitive information. Employing an Information Asset Management

system provides the necessary controls to ensure sensitive information is protected and

meets compliance requirements. This is essential when considering public or hybrid

clouds as information may leave the confines of the data center, which may violate

certain legal and regulatory requirements for some organizations.

Key Information Architectural Principles




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Implement Information Lifecycle Management

Regulatory and Legal Compliance

Enforce Data Privacy.

d. Technology Architecture

Implementing Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) provides the most effective

means of leveraging the capabilities of cloud computing. SOAs distributed nature,

service encapsulation; defined service level objectives, virtualized interfaces, and

adherence to open standards align with Clouds architectural requirements.

Clouds highly distributed nature requires a more robust security management

infrastructure. Implementing federated identity hubs and defined communication zones

are typically required for cloud deployments to control access across multiple cloud

nodes--especially when those nodes exist outside the organization.

Cloud infrastructures simplify the deployment of grid application servers which

offer improved scalability and disaster recovery.

Key Technology Architectural Principles

Control Technical Diversity

Adherence to Standards

Scale Capacity and availability to satisfy Business Objectives

Virtualize dependencies to hardware and software

Unified Security Infrastructure.

7.Implementing cloud computing

All of the architectural and organizational considerations mentioned thus far

generally apply to all implementations of a cloud infrastructure. As we focus on building

the cloud, a number of models have been developed for deploying a cloud

infrastructure.

a. Private Clouds

In a private cloud, the infrastructure for implementing the cloud is controlled

completely by the enterprise. Typically, private clouds are implemented in the

enterprises data center and managed by internal resources.

A private cloud maintains all corporate data in resources under the control of the

legal and contractual umbrella of the organization. This eliminates the regulatory, legal

and security concerns associated with information being processed on third party

computing resources.

Currently, private clouds require Capital Expenditure and Operational

Expenditure as well as highly skilled labor to ensure that business services can be met.




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Larger enterprises may find it more economical to develop future state

architectures internally to deliver the benefits of cloud computing to internal

subscribers. This model is ideal for enterprises that are organized with a shared

services IT infrastructure. This is generally preferred among C level executives who

require that the corporate crown jewels are securely located in known locations and by

trusted staff.The private cloud can also be used by existing legacy IT departments to

dramatically reduce their costs and as an opportunity to shift from a cost center to a

value center in the eyes of the business.

b. Public Clouds

In a public cloud, external organizations provide the infrastructure and

management required to implement the cloud. Public clouds dramatically simplify

implementation and are typically billed based on usage. This transfers the cost from a

capital expenditure to an operational expense and can quickly be scaled to meet the

organizations needs. Temporary applications or applications with burst resource

requirements typically benefit from the public clouds ability to ratchet up resourceswhen needed and then scale them back when they are no longer needed. In a private

cloud, the company would need to provision for the worst case across all the

applications that share the infrastructure. This can result in wasted resources when

utilization is not at its peak.

Public clouds have the disadvantage of hosting your data in an offsite

organization outside the legal and regulatory umbrella of your organization. In addition,

as most public clouds leverage a worldwide network of data centers, it is difficult to

document the physical location of data at any particular moment. These issues result in

potential regulatory compliance issues which preclude the use of public clouds for

certain organizations or business applications.

Not all public cloud based applications can provide the necessary flexibility andfunctionality needed by business users. For this reason, customers require the ability to

take preferred functionality from one cloud application and combine it with another,

creating a cloud based component application. This is still an emerging area of

development with some early companies, such as Cast Iron, providing integration of a

wide range of cloud based applications. Ultimately, many customers may decide that the

private cloud offers more flexibility and develop new applications themselves.

c. Hybrid Clouds

To meet the benefits of both approaches, newer execution models have been

developed to combine public and private clouds into a unified solution.

Applications with significant legal, regulatory or service level concerns for

information can be directed to a private cloud. Other applications with less stringent

regulatory or service level requirements can leverage a public cloud infrastructure.

Implementation of a hybrid model requires additional coordination between the

private and public service management system. This typically involves a federated

policy management tool, seamless hybrid integration, federated security, information

asset management, coordinated provisioning control, and unified monitoring systems.




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8.Case Study

1.Windows Azure

Windows Azure is a cloud services operating system that serves as the development,service hosting and service management environment for the Windows Azure platform.

Windows Azure is the cloud services operating system that serves as the development,

service hosting, and service management environment for all the web applications we

see on the Internet, Enterprise. Windows Azure provides you on-demand compute &

storage to host, scale, and manage web applications and services on the internet in

Microsoft data centers. i.e. On-Demand, the capacity can be increased, or based on

Threshold triggers, capacity can be increased to meet-up the expected traffic with

optimal performance.e.g. For Bloggers: You can host your Wordpress blogging app-

service on the Cloud and capacity is Tuned dynamically. For Developers: You can run

Java, Perl, Ruby, PHP, .NET

applications on the cloudAnalysis of different CloudComputing ServicesThe Windows Azure platform offers an intuitive, reliable and

powerful platform for the creation of web applications and services.Windows Azure is

an open platform that supports Microsoft and non -Microsoft languages and

environments. To build applications and services on Windows Azure, developers can

use their existing Microsoft Visual Studio expertise. In addition, Windows Azure

supports popular standards and protocols including SOAP, REST, XML, and PHP.

Features (as per Microsoft )

1. Comput ation

Ability to run Microsoft ASP.NET Web applications or .NET code in the cloud

Service hosting using IIS 7.0

Small runtime API that supports logging and local scratch storage

Web portal that helps you deploy, scale, and upgrade your services quickly and easily

FastCGI support allows customers to deploy and run web applications written with non-

Microsoft programming languages such as PHP, Java, and more

2. Da

t a

S

tora

ge

Blobs, tables, and queues hosted in the cloud, close to your computation

Authenticated access and triple replication to help keep your data safe

Easy access to data with simple REST interfaces, available remotely and from the data

center




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3. Development Tools

Complete offline development environment, including computation and storage services

Complete command-line SDK tools and samples

Visual Studio add-in that enables local debugging

1. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon

EC2)

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable

compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for

developers.Amazon EC2s simple web service interface allows you to obtain and

configure capacity with minimal friction. It provides you with complete control of yourcomputing resources and lets you run on Amazons proven computing environment.

Amazon EC2 reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server instances to

minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both up and down, as your computing

requirements change. Amazon EC2 changes the economics of computing by allowing

you to pay only for capacity that you actually use. Amazon EC2 provides developers the

tools to build failure resilient applications and isolate themselves from common failure

scenarios.

Amazon EC2 Functionality

Amazon EC2 presents a true virtual computing environment, allowing you to use web

service interfaces to launch instances with a variety of operating systems, load them

with your custom application environment, manage your networks access permissions,

and run your image using as many or few systems as you desire.

To use Amazon EC2, you simply:

y Select a pre-configured, templated image to get up and running immediately. Or

create an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) containing your applications, libraries,

data, and associated configuration settings.

y Configure security and network access on your Amazon EC2 instance.

y Choose which instance type(s) and operating system you want, then start,

terminate, and monitor as many instances of your AMI as needed, using the web

service APIs or the variety of management tools provided.

y Determine whether you want to run in multiple locations, utilize static IP

endpoints, or attach persistent block storage to your instances.

y Pay only for the resources that you actually consume, like instance-hours or data

transfer. Service Highlights




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Service Highlights

y Elastic Amazon EC2 enables you to increase or decrease capacity within

minutes, not hours or days. You can commission one, hundreds or even

thousands of server instances simultaneously. Of course, because this is allcontrolled with web service APIs, your application can automatically scale itself

up and down depending on its needs.

y Completely Controlled You have complete control of your instances. You have

root access to each one, and you can interact with them as you would any

machine. You can stop your instance while retaining the data on your boot

partition and then subsequently restart the same instance using web service

APIs. Instances can be rebooted remotely using web service APIs. You also have

access to console output of your instances.

y Flexible You have the choice of multiple instance types, operating systems, and

software packages. Amazon EC2 allows you to select a configuration of memory,CPU, instance storage, and the boot partition size that is optimal for your choice

of operating system and application. For example, your choice of operating

systems includes numerous Linux distributions, Microsoft Windows Server and

OpenSolaris.

y Designed for use with other Amazon Web Services Amazon EC2 works in

conjunction with Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Amazon

SimpleDB and Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) to provide a

complete solution for computing, query processing and storage across a wide

range of applications.

y Reliable Amazon EC2 offers a highly reliable environment where replacement instances can be rapidly and predictably commissioned. The service runs within

Amazons proven network infrastructure and datacenters. The Amazon EC2

Service Level Agreement commitment is 99.95% availability for each Amazon

EC2 Region.

y Secure Amazon EC2 provides numerous mechanisms for securing your

compute resources.

o Amazon EC2 includes web service interfaces to configure

firewall settings that control network access to and

between groups of instances.

o When launching Amazon EC2 resources within AmazonVirtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC), you can isolate your

compute instances by specifying the IP range you wish to

use, and connect to your existing IT infrastructure using

industry-standard encrypted IPsec VPN.

o For more information on Amazon EC2 security refer to our

Amazon Web Services: Overview of Security Process

document.




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Pricing

Pay only for what you use. There is no minimum fee. Estimate your monthly bill using

AWS Simple Monthly Calculator. The prices listed are based on the Region in which your

instance is running. For a detailed comparison between On-Demand Instances,

Reserved Instances and Spot Instances, see Amazon EC2 Instance Purchasing Options.

On-Demand Inst ances

On-Demand Instances let you pay for compute capacity by the hour with no long-term

commitments. This frees you from the costs and complexities of planning, purchasing,

and maintaining hardware and transforms what are commonly large fixed costs into

much smaller variable costs.

The pricing below includes the cost to run private and public AMIs on the specified

operating system (Windows Usage prices apply to both Windows Server® 2003 and

2008). Amazon also provides you with additional instances for Amazon EC2 runningMicrosoft, Amazon EC2 running SUSE Linux Enterprise and Amazon EC2 running IBM

that are priced differently

2. Google Apps and App Engine

Google APPS

The Google apps Contains a collection of web based application programs.Instead of

installing a set of applications in a Computer System we can run these applications by

login into the google by using a web browser Communications tools like Gmail,GoogleTalk, Google Map,Google Calender.And Productivity tools like Google page,Alert

Blog,Google Health,Note Book,Knol,Picasa,Orkut ,Google Transalate,YouTube for

sharing and watch videos

Google APP Engine

Google App Engine is a platform for developing and hosting web applications in Google-

managed data centers. It was first released as a beta version in April 2008.Google App

Engine is cloud computing technology. It virtualizes applications across multiple servers

and data centers.Other "cloud"-based platforms include offerings such as Amazon Web

Services and Microsoft's Azure Services Platform. AppEngine differs from services like

Amazon Web Services, though, in that AWS is Infrastructure as a Service while

AppEngine is Platform as a Service.

Google App Engine is free up to a certain level of used resources. Fees are charged for

additional storage, bandwidth, or CPU cycles required by the application.




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In Google Apps Engine it is the work place of the programmer. The Programmer Creates

the Program and load it into the server of the Google. Instead of maintaining any servers

and without any cost using the required amount of the data storage according to the

traffic a programmer creates the applications and the Programmer can distribute them

by uploading the programs in the appspot.com these applications can be downloaded

from anywhere in the world and we can provides these to the users with different

permission access.Now we can only perform program works on the python and in

future a lot of run time environments are available for this.The three user privilages in

the google apps engine are

y Creater

y Viewer

y Collaborator

3. Salesforce.com

Salesforce.com (NYSE: CRM) is a vendor of Customer Relationship Management (CRM)solutions, which it delivers to businesses over the internet using the software as a service model

Origins

Salesforce.com was founded in 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff. In Jun e

2004, the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock

symbol CRM. Initial investors in salesforce.com were Marc Benioff, Larry Ellison, Halsey

Minor, Magdalena Yesil and Igor Sill, Geneva Venture Partners.

Current st atus

Salesforce.com is headquartered in San Francisco, California, with regional

headquarters in Dublin (covering Europe, Middle East, and Africa), Singapore (covering

Asia Pacific less Japan), and Tokyo (covering Japan). Other major offices are in Toronto,

New York, London, Sydney, and San Mateo, California. Salesforce.com has its services

translated into 15 different languages and currently has 43,600 customers and over

1,000,000 subscribers. In 2008, Salesforce.com ranked 43rd on the list of largest

software companies in the world.




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Following the Federal takeover of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae in September 2008, the

S&P 500 removed the two mortgage giants after Wednesday, September 10, 2008, and

added Fastenal and Salesforce.com to the index, effective after Friday, September 12,

2008

Products and Services

Customer Relationship Management

Salesforce.com's CRM solution is broken down into several applications: Sales, Service &

Support, Partner Relationship Management, Marketing, Content, Ideas and Analytics.

Force.com Platform

Salesforce.com's Platform-as-a-Service product is known as the Force.com Platform. The

platform allows external developers to create add-on applications that integrate into

the mainS

alesforce application and are hosted on salesforce.com's infrastructure.

These applications are built using Apex (a proprietary Java-like programming language

for the Force.com Platform) and Visualforce (an XML-like syntax for building user

interfaces in HTML, AJAX or Flex).

AppExchange

Launched in 2005, AppExchange is a directory of applications built for Salesforce by

third-party developers which users can purchase and add to theirSalesforce

environment. As of September 2008, there are over 800 applications available from

over 450 ISVs.

Customization

Salesforce users can customize their CRM application. In the system, there are tabs such

as "Contacts", "Reports", and "Accounts". Each tab contains associated information. For

example, "Contacts" has fields like First Name, Last Name, Email, etc.

Customization can be done on each tab, by adding user-defined custom fields.

Customization can also be done at the "platform" level by adding customizedapplications to a Salesforce.com instance that is adding sets of customized / novel tabs

for specific vertical- or function-level (Finance, Human Resources, etc) features.

Web Services

In addition to the web interface, Salesforce offers a Web Services API that enables

integration with other systems




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9.CLOUD (Operating System)

Cloud is a "browserbasedOperating system" created by 'GoodOSLLC, a Los Angeles-basedcorporation.The company initially launched a Linux distribution called gOSwhich is based onUbuntu, now in its third incarnation

Browser and Operating System

Cloud is a combination of a simplified operating system that runs just a web browser,

providing access to a variety of web-based applications that allow the user to perform

many simple tasks without booting a full-scale operating system. Because of its

simplicity, Cloud can boot in just a few seconds. The operating system is designed for

Netbooks, Mobile Internet Devices, and PCs that are mainly used to browse the Internet.

From Cloud the user can quickly boot into the main OS, because Cloud continues

booting the main OS in the background.

Combining a browser with a basic operating system also allows the use of cloudcomputing, in which applications and data "live and run" on the Internet instead of on

the hard drive.

Cloud can be installed and used together with other operating systems, or can act as a

standalone operating system. When used as a standalone operating system, hardware

requirements are relatively low.

At the moment Cloud is only officially available built into the GIGABYTE M912 Touch

Screen Netbook, but a Private Beta test is currently (early February, 2009)

running.Mozilla Firefox browser.

10.Cloud ProtocolAny web based applications requires a protocol .Cloud is a new technology then the webprotocols like HTTP and the SOAP(simple Object Access Protocol) does not support the CloudComputing in an efficient manner.Therefore we requires new protocols for the cloud computing.Hence the future protocol for Cloud Computing is the XMPP or Jabber.The XMPP (ExtensibleMessaging and Presence Protocol),It is real time communication open XMLTechnology .TheArchitecture of XMPP contains the following attributes

y Instant Messaging

y Media Session Management

y Presented

S

hared Editingy Collaboration

y Content Syndication

The face book Started to change their applications in Jabber.



Clou Computi 2010

SIST Mangattuparamba

11.Ch rr Pal Cl ud C pu r

The Cherr Pal is billed as a cloud comput er - basically, a PC that is powered by a low-power Freescale processor, helping keep costs low and the overall si e small. Of course,you do get the

other computing st aples such as two USB ports, a monit or port , 4GB of f lash st orage and a

measly 256MB R M. Good thing it runs on a tweaked version of embedded Linux though, as even Windows XP would have brought this litt le comput er t o itsknees. It t akes just about 20seconds t o boot up, and thanks t o the tri-core 400Mh Freescale processor, it ain't no slouch

when it comes t o perf ormance. Don't expect Doom 3 t o run on it anytime soon though. There is

no word on availabilit y, but CherryPal has t out ed a dramatically low price t ag - even lower thanthe $400 Eee PC.

12. IBM Blue Cloud

The IBM Blue Cloud is a distribut ed Globally accessible collection of the comput er sof tware resources .It works on the IBM open source plat f orm and support .The IBM

conducts the studies f or the Cloud Plat f orm f or the Governments and corparat es.Power

and X86 Processors and Tiroli service management sof tware are used f or this

Purpose.They were st art ed t o f or a new project named as Syst em Z




SISTMangattuparamba

13. Advant ages & Disadvant ages

a. Advant ages

Hosting your information on an outsourced system (that is maintained by a

third-party) can really free up space and cut costs. With cloud hosting, you can

Access your data at all times not just while in the office.

A physical storage center is no longer needed.

Most have a pay structure that only calls for payment only when

used.

Relieves burden on IT Professionals and frees up their time in the

office.

Easily scalable so companies can add or subtract storage based on

their own needs.

b. Disadvant ages

If you are going to move all of your information to data centers situated outside

your company, then security should be of utmost impor tance.

Lost control comes with handing over your data and information.

Depending on third-party to ensure the security and

confidentiality of data and information.

If your cloud host disappears, where does your information go?

If you are a small business, or even a Fortune 500 company, cloud computing can

take a large expense and make it work for your budget. Funding the servers, software,

and information technology professionals can be a real burden and finding cost-efficient

means through cloud hosting can be very beneficial. With Amazon moving into the cloudcomputing environment, everyone has access to what could be a major change in

business intelligence. Amazons Elastic Compute Cloud is a dedicated, high performance,

analytic database cluster that is open to businesses, on a pay-per-use scale, for a

monthly fee. This sounds like an excellent business deal, if you are prepared to hand

over your personal data an information




SISTMangattuparamba

14.Conclusion

The Cloud Computing is the new technology that powers the users.There are many

seminars and debates are conducted on this topic,In Which the are many arguments are

supporting Cloud Computing and and somebody tells it is not a good one. There are

some arguments that the cloud computing is a grid computing,Whatever may be thecloud computing is the combinations of more the one technologies.The Grid Computing

is that in which we use the wasting processing power of the Servers in that Grid or

Network ,that is it creates the virtual super Computers using the this wastage

Processing Power.We can use Effeciently this Grid Computing in Cloud Computing.The

other technology we use in the Cloud Computing is the Distributed Computing,in which

we collect the different tasks from the client and we converts it into different segments

and give it into different processing unit in the distributed enviornment.The Server

virtualization is another technology which is used in the backend servers and in the

Cloud.It hides the details like Servers identity,Processors,Operating System and the

Processing Power.The Server Administrator creates many isolated environments

virtual environments using a software applicatons or the user think that it is VirtualServers.The Server Virtualizations are available in three ways .Virtual Machine

Model,Para Virtual Model,Virtualization in Operating System Layer. And hence we can

see that Cloud Computing is the Combinations of different technologies.

The Cloud Computing Technology begans its growth and it would

became the technology of the future.If the Cloud Computing come into active then the

Software vendors to be search the new ways to sold their Software Products.




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15. References

Websites

y . www.wikipedia.com

y www.infoworld.com/article/08/04/07/15FE-cloud-computing-reality_1.html y www.wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/CloudComputing:Bill_of_Rights

y www.davidchappell.com/CloudPlatforms--Chappell. PDF

y www.amazon.com

y www.thinkgos.com/cloud/index.html

y www.salesforce.com

y www.google.com

Magazines

y Chip Computer Magazine, December 2008 - Feb 2009 Editiony Infokairali Computer MagaZine

bijin seminar

Documents