bilingual education and the rise of taglish - ava
TRANSCRIPT
R. Thompson
Situations in the Philippines
1957-drop-out prevention programvernaculars were used in grade 1 and 2 to
teach literacy skills with English and Tagalog being taught as subjects
Before the schools could switch from English, three problems had to be resolved:
Which language would be used?Who would teach the classes especially in
non-Tagalog speaking areas?Where would the teaching materials come
from?
Bilingual policy of 1974
1990s- time of crisis for English
1998 Solidarity Seminar on Language and Development
English instruction losing its direction
Situation in/of Schools48% no water61% no electricityelementary – 7.62% are privatesecondary – 1/3 are privatetertiary – 85% are private65% of elementary and secondary schools have no
library10 yrs. - shortest course of basic education (13 in
most industrialized countries)13000 communities or barangays do not have a
school buildinglack of facilities and textbooks
Situation of Students97-99% - started school at age 731% did not finish Grade 654 % entered High school50-70 students in class1.5 million children attend classes in
stairways, hallways, or even outside under trees
Situation of Teachers68% teacher education programs were private10.6% of those who studied in private institutions who took
the teacher exams at the end of their B.A. passed1997 – doubled salary15% high school graduates enter teacher education
programs (typically those who score the lowest on college entrance exam),
85% women,71% graduate25% pass licensing exam1/3 of the passers became teachersamong the 533 teacher education institutions, 20% are
accredited
Situation in the government1988 – all public schools were nationalizedDECS – most corrupt of the governmental
agencies65% of textbook funds goes to bribes1996 – issued new curriculum guidelines for
teaching English in public secondary schools but this new curriculum IGNORES THE CALL OF THE solidarity Seminar in 1988
TAGLISH
Halo-halo ‘mix-mix’
Engalog Taglish
• 1960s• spoken language with no body of literature except in tabloids• Filipino street English
Filipino English
Pronunciation
• stress patterns of polysyllabic academic words
• missing vowel contrasts
• no distinction between the pairs/š/ and /ž//s/ and /z/// and //
• lack of reduced vowels in unstressed syllables
Grammar• overuse of perfect tenses
• overuse of the progressive, as with habitual action
• verb agreement (present tense)• transitive verbs used as intransitives• mass nouns classified as count nouns
ESL or EFL?
Vocabulary
• loan translations
• English words with new meanings
• verb agreement (present tense)
Changing Attitudes Towards EnglishEconomic DevelopmentAversion toward using the “pure” form of
English rather than Taglish or even Filipino
When are these languages used?Forces that Encourage the Acquisition of English-Medicine -Engineering-Law -Accountancy-Nursing -Optometry-Business management -education
Day-to-day transactions in business, commerce and industry:
-English, Tagalog, Taglish
Language Situation
Taglish
Replacing English in various domains assigned to it in everyday life…
English in ESL Setting
The Philippines will be only an ESL country for the educated elite.
Is English dying in the Philippines?
Key to Maintaining English
CONCLUSION