bilingualism and multilinguisme
TRANSCRIPT
Bilinguism andMultilinguism
Defintion
Bilingualism (Multilingualism)
Individual Bilingualism – the
use of two languages by an
individual
E.g., an individual who
speaks both English and
Spanish as described by
many of the informants in
the Hinton article
Societal Bilingualism – the use of
two (or more) languages within a
given community
E.g., the bilingual setting in
India, Canada, Switzerland,
Malaysia, etc.
Bilingualism
Bilingualism start from
dominate the first language
and then can dominate the
second language and make
the second language as
well as with the first
language in
communication.
Bloomfield (1933:56),
“Bilingualism is speaker’
ability use two languages as
well as.”
Bilingualism
Bilingualism is the use of two
languages by the speakers in
the interaction with other
people. Mackey (in Chaer and
Agustina 2004:84).
According to Mackey there are four aspects to facilitate discussions
about bilingual
Level of Ability
Function
Substitution between languages (alternation)
InterferenceShifting language (Language shift)
Convergence (convergence)
Level of Ability
The language ability will appear on the four skills, namely listening, reading, speaking, and writing.
Function
Internal factors External factors
Internal usage
AptitudeContacts Variable
Substitution between language fluency and also
depends on the external and internal functions.
Conditions speakers switch languages invented
by at least three things: topic of conversation,
people involved, and tension.
Interference is an error that caused
entrainment habits of speech or language
into the language of maternal dialect.
When a new group comes to other
places and mingled with the local group
then it will pass the language shift
(language shift).
Meet activities and mainly move
towards unity and uniformity.
When Sumpah Pemuda
Language - the language of the area has a natural addition to coaching and development of the language and culture of Indonesia.
A mixed marriage between tribes
Transfer of population from one region to another
Interaction between ethnic groups
the profession and the interests of life.
Multilingualism
Multilingualism is a society that has several languages. Such communities occur because some ethnic communities that helped shape an ethnically plural society can be regarded as (plural society). (Sumarsonoand Paina Partana, 2002: 76).
Societal Bilingualism – the
use of two (or more)
languages within a given
community
E.g., the bilingual
setting in India,
Canada, Switzerland,
Malaysia, etc.
The Formation
Multi-language
ColonizationMigration
Federation
The Various Language in the Border
Region