billy and maria learn about winter weather

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B i l l y a n d M a r i aL e a r n A b o u t

W i n t e r W e a t h e r

Series: 95-07

P a r t 2 o f 3

2



S n o w f l a k e

B i l l y , M a r i aa n d t h e



1

B i l l y a n d M a r i a w e r e o u t s i d e p l a y i n g o n e c o l dd a y w h e n i t b e g a n t o s n o w . A s t h e y w a t c h e d ,t h e y n o t i c e d t h a t e a c h l i t t l e f l a k e c o u l d b e s e e na s i t f e l l . B i l l y s t u c k o u t h i s m i t t e n a n d c a u g h t af e w s n o w f l a k e s .



2

H i s m i t t e n s w e r e c o l d s o t h e s n o w f l a k e s d i d n o tm e l t q u i c k l y . B i l l y l o o k e d c l o s e l y a t t h e s n o w i nh i s h a n d . H e n o t i c e d t h a t n o n e o f t h es n o w f l a k e s l o o k e d a l i k e .



3

" I w o n d e r w h y t h e s e s n o w f l a k e s a l l l o o kd i f f e r e n t ? " B i l l y a s k e d M a r i a . N e i g h b o r J o h nw a s o u t s i d e a n d h e a r d t h i s q u e s t i o n . H e d e c i d e dt o g i v e B i l l y a n d M a r i a a l e s s o n a b o u t s n o w .



4

N e i g h b o r J o h n s a i d t h a t s n o w f l a k e s w e r e r e a l l yg r o u p s o f i c e c r y s t a l s . H e t o l d t h e m t h a t a

w a t e r d r o p l e t f r e e z e s i n t o a n i c e c r y s t a l . I f i ti s c o l d e n o u g h , t h e c r y s t a l s g r o w b r a n c h e s .W h e n i t g e t s h e a v y e n o u g h , i t f a l l s o u t o f t h ec l o u d . A s i t f a l l s i t s t i c k s t o o t h e r i c e c r y s t a l sa n d b e c o m e s a s n o w f l a k e .

w a t e r d r o p l e t

c r y s t a l w i t h b r a n c h e s

s n o w f l a k e

i c e c r y s t a l



5

E a c h i c e c r y s t a l i s m a d e i n a d i f f e r e n t p a r t o ft h e c l o u d . E v e r y i c e c r y s t a l f a l l s t o t h e g r o u n da l o n g a d i f f e r e n t p a t h . B e c a u s e o f t h i s , i t i sv e r y h a r d f o r t w o s n o w f l a k e s t o l o o k a l i k e .



6

B i l l y a n d M a r i a w e r e g l a d t h e y n o w k n e w h o w

s n o w f l a k e s w e r e m a d e . " I h a d b e t t e r g o h o m en o w B i l l y , m y f i n g e r s a r e g e t t i n g c o l d " , s a i dM a r i a . N e i g h b o r J o h n s a i d t h a t t h e y s h o u l d a l lg o i n s i d e a n d s t a y w a r m s o t h e y w o u l d n o t g e tf r o s t b i t e .



7

" W h a t i s f r o s t b i t e ? " a s k e d B i l l y . N e i g h b o r J o h n

t o l d h i m t h a t y o u c a n g e t f r o s t b i t e w h e n y o u rb o d y g e t s t o o c o l d . T h e c o l d d a m a g e s y o u r b o d ya n d c a u s e s a l o s s o f f e e l i n g . T h i s u s u a l l yh a p p e n s t o y o u r f i n g e r s , t o e s , n o s e , a n d e a r s . I ti s b a d t o g e t f r o s t b i t e !

f i n g e r s n o s e

e a r s

t o e s

FROSTBITE



8

" I f y o u t h i n k y o u h a v e f r o s t b i t e , y o u s h o u l d g e t

h e l p q u i c k l y . I f y o u h a v e t o w a i t f o r h e l p ,S L O W L Y r e w a r m t h e h u r t a r e a " , s a i d N e i g h b o rJ o h n . B i l l y l e a r n e d t h a t t h e b e s t w a y n o t t o g e tf r o s t b i t e i s t o k e e p w a r m a n d n o t s t a y o u t s i d ei n t h e c o l d f o r l o n g p e r i o d s o f t i m e .



9

S i n c e M a r i a h a d g o n e h o m e , B i l l y d e c i d e d t o g oi n s i d e . B i l l y w a s g l a d h e d i d n o t g e t f r o s t b i t e

a n d d e c i d e d t o s t a y w a r m f o r a w h i l e . H ew a t c h e d t h e s n o w f a l l o u t s i d e t h e w i n d o w . A sh e l o o k e d h e t h o u g h t a b o u t t h e t r i p s e a c h o ft h e s n o w f l a k e s w a s t a k i n g t o f a l l t o t h e g r o u n d .I t w a s a l l v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g !



NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was established as part of the Department of Commerceon October 3, 1970. NOAA Mission responsibilities are to assess the socioeconomic impact of natural andtechnological changes in the environment and to monitor and predict the state of the solid Earth, the oceans andtheir living resources, the atmosphere, and the space environment of the Earth.

NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

An 1870 act of Congress created the U.S. Weather Bureau under the U.S. Army Signal Corps. SubsequentCongressional action in October 1890 placed the Weather Bureau under the Department of Agriculture. TheWeather Bureau was transferred to the Department of Commerce in 1940. In 1965, the Environmental ScienceServices Administration (ESSA), which included the Weather Bureau, was created under the Department of Commerce. Still operating under ESSA, the Weather Bureau was renamed the National Weather Service in 1967.ESSA became the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 1970.

" The National Weather Service (NWS) provides weather, hydrologic, and climate forecasts and warnings for the

United States, its territories, adjacent waters and ocean areas, for the protection of life and property and theenhancement of the national economy. NWS data and products form a national information data base which canbe used by other governmental agencies and the private sector. "

NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY

"The National Severe Storms Laboratory, in partnership with the National Weather Service, enhances NOAA'smission through a balanced program of research to advance the understanding of weather processes, research toimprove forecasting and warning techniques, development of operational applications, and transfer of understanding, techniques, and applications to the National Weather Service and other public and private sector

agencies."

NSSL: bm07.pdf



BILLY AND MARIA SERIES INDEX OF TITLES

95-01 Billy and Maria Visit the National Weather Service, by Daphne G. Thompson, DOC,NOAA, NWS Central Region Headquarters, Scientific Services Division, Kansas City,Missouri, March 1995.

95-02 Billy, Maria and the Thunderstorm, by Daphne G. Thompson, DOC,NOAA, NWS Central Region Headquarters, Scientific Services Division, Kansas City,Missouri, March 1995.

95-03 Billy and Maria Learn About Tornado Safety- Part 1, by Daphne G. Thompson, DOC,NOAA, NWS Central Region Headquarters, Scientific Services Division, Kansas City,Missouri, April 1995.

95-04 Billy and Maria Learn About Tornado Safety- Part 2, by Daphne G. Thompson, DOC,NOAA, NWS Central Region Headquarters, Scientific Services Division, Kansas City,Missouri, April 1995.

95-05 Billy and Maria Learn About Tornado Safety- Part 3, by Daphne G. Thompson, DOC,NOAA, NWS Central Region Headquarters, Scientific Services Division, Kansas City,

Missouri, April 1995.

95-06 Billy and Maria Learn About Winter Weather- Part 1, by Daphne G. Thompson, DOC,NOAA, NWS Central Region Headquarters, Scientific Services Division, Kansas City,Missouri, June 1995.

95-07 Billy and Maria Learn About Winter Weather- Part 2, by Daphne G. Thompson, DOC,NOAA, NWS Central Region Headquarters, Scientific Service Division, Kansas City,Missouri, July 1995.

95-08 Billy and Maria Learn About Winter Weather- Part 3, by Daphne G. Thompson, DOC,

NOAA, NWS Central Region Headquarters, Scientific Services Division, Kansas City,Missouri, August 1995.

billy and maria learn about winter weather

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