bio 099 body terminology lab

8/3/2019 Bio 099 Body Terminology Lab

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Human Body Terminology

Bio 099

Lab

Martini Chapter 1



Anatomy & Physiology

Structure (anatomy) determines function

(physiology)

"Proportions of the Human Figure" Leonardo da Vinci, 1485-1490



Gross Anatomy(visible to the unaided eye)

surface anatomy




surface anatomy

regional anatomy




surface anatomy

regional anatomy

systemic anatomy ± organ systems




surface anatomy

regional anatomy


developmental anatomy

± embryology




surface anatomy

regional anatomy


developmental anatomy

± embryology clinical anatomy

± for example radiology



Microscopic Anatomy(cannot be seen without magnification)

cytology

± looking at individual cells

histology

± looking at groups of

specialized cells called

tissues

tissues combine to form

organs



Physiology

The function of the anatomical structure

± Cell physiology

± Special physiology (i.e., cardiac) ± Systemic physiology (i.e., cardiovascular)

± Pathological physiology (Pathos = disease)



Levels of Organization



Frames of Anatomical Reference

Anatomy uses a special language to

describe body sections, regions and

relative positions.

You should be familiar with the body

terminology in Chapter 1 (pgs 15-22).



Anatomical Position

hands at side, palms facing forward

± ST ANDING FRONT = ANTERIOR

± ST ANDING B ACK = POSTERIOR

± LYING FACE UP = SUPINE

± LYING FACE DOWN = PRONE



Superficial

Anatomy

Anatomical

Landmarks

± Anterior (front)

View

± Figure 1-6



Superficial

Anatomy

Anatomical

Landmarks

± Posterior (back)

View

± Figure 1-6



Regions of the Human Body(Table 1-2, Figure 1-6)



Anatomical Regions

Clinicians use:

± abdominopelvic quadrants

Provides useful

reference for

description of

pain/injury.

RLQ tenderness is a

symptom of appendicitis

Figure 1-7a



Anatomical Regions

Anatomist use:

± 9 abdominopelvic regions

Figure 1-7



Anatomical Directional References

Figure 1-8



Fill in the blank



Sectional Anatomy

3 Sectional Planes

± traverse

± frontal ± sagittal

Figure 1-9

Plane:

a 3-dimensionalaxis

Section:

a slice parallel to

a plane



Body Cavities

internal chambers that serve 2 functions

1. protect organs

2. permit change in size without distorting or disrupting

surrounding tissues or adjacent organs



Ventral Body Cavity (coelom)

Coelom:

± divided by thediaphragm into the

1. thoracic cavity

2. abdominopelvic cavity



Figure 1²10b

Membranes Isolate the Organs

Serous membranes:

± parietal layer (next to wall of cavity)

± visceral layer (next to organ)



Thoracic Cavity

thoracic cavity

± pleural cavity

divided by the

mediastinum

organs: lungs

membranes: visceral and

parietal pleura

± pericardial cavity

organs: heart

membranes: visceral and

parietal pericardium



Figure 1²10c

Mediastinum

mediastinum divides thoracic cavity into 2

pleural cavities



Abdominopelvic Cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

± peritoneal cavity

membranes: visceral and parietal

peritoneum

± abdominal cavity

(superior peritoneal)

organs: liver, stomach, spleen,

intestine

± pelvic cavity

(inferior peritoneal)

organs: intestine, bladder,

reproductive organs.

bio 099 body terminology lab

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