bio 2 lecture exam 2 package 17... · bio 2 lecture exam 2 package . 2 fungi lecture evolution:...
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Bio 2
Lecture
Exam 2
Package
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FUNGI LECTURE
Evolution:
General Characteristics:
Animal-like Characteristics:
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Fungal Reproduction:
Asexual:
Sexual:
Plasmogamy:
Karyogamy:
Syngamy:
Fungal Classification:
Division: Chytrids:
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Division: Zygomycetes:
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Division: Glomeromycetes
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
Division: Ascomycetes
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Division: Basidiomycetes
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Microsporidia
Lichens:
Ecological Impacts:
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Plant Evolution:
Ordovician (475mya)
Devonian (400 mya)
Carboniferous (360 mya)
Cretaceous (130 mya)
Common Characters with Algae:
Adaptations to Terrestrial Life:
1. Multicellular Dependent Embryos
2. Alternation of Generation
3. Walled Spores produced in Sporangia
4. Apical Meristems
5. Other Adaptations
a) Cuticle
b) Stomata
c) Xylem and phloem
d) Secondary compounds
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Nonvascular Seedless Plants
Division: Hepatophyta:
Division: Anthocerophyta:
Division: Bryophyta:
Bryophyta Life Cycle
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Vascular Seedless Plants:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Division: Lycophyta
Division: Pterophyta
Psilophytes:
Sphenophytes:
Ferns:
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Fern Life Cycle
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Vascular Plants
Alteration of Generation
Mosses
Ferns
Seed Plants
Why be Sporophyte Dominant?
Why retain Gametophyte Generation?
Seeds
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Ovule to Seed
Overview of Seed Plants
Phylogeny
Division: Ginkgophyta
Division: Cycadophyta
Division: Gnetophyta
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Division: Coniferophyta
Pine Tree Life Cycle
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Flower
Sepals
Petals
Receptacles
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Carpel
Stigma
Style:
Ovary:
Ovule:
Angiosperm Life Cycle
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Cross Pollination:
Angiosperm Radiation
Pollination
Dispersal
The Global Impact
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Tissue Systems
Ground Tissue:
Parenchyma:
Collenchyma:
Sclerenchyma
Vascular Tissue:
Xylem:
Phloem:
Dermal Tissue:
Epidermis:
Periderm:
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Plant Systems:
Root Systems:
Shoot Systems:
Plant Growth:
Meritstems:
Apical:
Protoderm:
Ground:
Procambium:
Lateral:
Vascular:
Cork:
Monocot vs. Dicot
Embryo Veins Stems Roots Flowers
Monocot
Dicot
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Root System:
Tap Root:
Fibrous Root:
Four Regions:
Root Tissue:
Pith:
Xylem:
Phloem:
Pericycle:
Endodermis:
Cortex:
Epidermis:
Monocot vs. Dicot:
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Modified Roots:
Shoot System:
Stems:
Leaves:
Fruits:
Flowers:
Primary Growth:
Protoderm:
Procambium:
Ground Meristem:
Vascular Bundles:
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Stem Structure: Monocot vs. Dicot
Pith: Ground Tissue:
Vascular Bundles:
Cortex:
Epidermis:
Secondary Structure:
Vascular Cambium:
Cork Cambium:
Dicot:
Pith:
Primary Xylem:
Secondary Xylem:
Vascular Cambium:
Secondary Phloem:
Primary Phloem:
Cortex:
Phelloderm:
Cork Cambium:
Cork:
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Heartwood:
Sapwood:
Bark:
Wood:
Spring wood vs. Summer wood
Modified Stems:
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Leaf Structure;
Simple:
Compound:
Doubly Compound:
Epidermis:
Stomata:
Guard Cells:
Cuticle:
Mesophyll:
Pallisade:
Spongy:
Modified Leaves:
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Transport
Cellular Transport
Diffusion:
Osmosis:
Facillitated Diffusion:
Active Transport:
Proton Pump:
Water Potential:
Solute Concentration:
Pressure:
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Plant Cell Water Movement:
Turgid:
Flaccid:
Plasmolysis:
Aquaporins:
Tissue Level Transport:
Trans-membrane:
Symplastic
Apoplastice:
Long Distance Transport:
Bulk Flow:
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Long Distance Transport (cont) - Absorption of Water and Minerals
Two Pathways:
Long Distance Transport – Transport of Xylem Sap
Pushing Xylem:
Guttation:
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Long Distance Transport – Transport of Xylem Sap (cont)
Pulling Xylem:
Transpiration:
Adhesion:
Cohesion:
Surface Tension:
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Control of Transpiration:
Guard Cells:
Potassium Ions:
Stomata:
Reducing Transpiration:
Phloem Loading:
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Translocation of Phloem:
Pressure Flow:
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Plant Nutrition:
Macronutrients:
Carbon - organic compounds
Oxygen - organic compounds
Hydrogen - organic compounds
Nitrogen - nucleic acids, proteins
Sulfur - proteins
Phosphorus- nucleic acids, lipids
Potassium - Protein Synthesis, water balance
Calcium - cell walls, membranes, permeability
Magnesium - chlorophyll, enzymes
Micronutrients:
Chlorine - water balance, photosynthesis
Iron - cytochromes
Boron - chlorophyll synthesis
Manganese - amino acids, photosynthesis
Zinc - Chlorophyll synthesis
Copper - enzymes for redox rxns
Molybdenum - nitrogen fixation
Nickel - Cofactor in nitrogen, metabolism
Soil:
Texture:
Composition:
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Availability of Soil Water and Availability:
Soil Conservation:
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Nitrogen Fixation:
Nutritional Adaptations:
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Control Systems:
Plant Hormones:
Auxins:
Control:
Polar Transport:
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Acid Growth Hypothesis:
Others:
Cytokinins:
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Gibberelins:
Abscisic Acid:
Ethylene:
Oligosaccharins:
Brassinosteroids:
Plant Movements:
Phototropism:
Gravitropism:
Thigmotropism:
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Rapid Leaf Movement:
Sleep Movement:
Daily and Seasonal Responses:
Circadian Rhythm:
Photoperiodism:
Flowering Hormones:
Phytochromes:
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Red vs. Far Red Response:
Response to Environmental Stress: