bio 212: 1 anatomy & physiology ii lab 212 labs/bloodtestsfs.pdf1 anatomy & physiology ii...

1

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY IIBIO 212:

Dr. Lawrence G. Altmanwww.lawrencegaltman.comSome illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill.

Blood Sample

Plasma

"Buffy coat"

Red Blood cells

LABBlood Tests

Total WBC/RBC CountsDifferential WBC Counts

HematocritHemoglobin

ClottingPlasma Proteins and

LipoproteinsABO Blood Typing

2BLOOD TESTS:

TOTAL WBC/RBC COUNTS

Final Assembly

Puncture reservoir

with shield

Mixing sample

3BLOOD TESTS:


Counting area (magnified)

4BLOOD TESTS:


5

Normal HUMAN Values

-TOTAL RBC/WBC

COUNTS-

Male: RBCs

4.5 - 6.2 million/mm3

Female: RBCs

4.2 - 5.4 million/mm3

Male

Female

WBCs

4,500 - 11,000/mm3

BLOOD TESTS:


6

HIGH

VALUES

•Polycythemia

•Dehydration

LOW

VALUES•Addison's Disease

deficiency of: aldosterone/cortisol production in adrenal cortex.

•Lupus Erythematosussystemic variety;

an autoimmune condition

ABNORMAL TOTAL COUNTS:

RBC's -

•Anemia

BLOOD TESTS:


NEXT SLIDE

7BLOOD TESTS:


8BLOOD TESTS:

DIFFERENTIAL WBC COUNTS

9BLOOD TESTS:

HEMATOCRIT

10BLOOD TESTS:

HEMATOCRIT

Divide packed volume by total column height (rulers supplied) then X 100.

Normal Values for Humans:

MALE: 40 - 54%

FEMALE:38 - 47%

Capillarytube

Plug

Formedelements=45%=hematocrit

"buffy coat"

Example:

PLASMA(55% of whole blood)

WBCs + platelets

RBCs

11

HIGH

VALUES

•Shock

•Polycythemia

•Severe dehydration

LOW

VALUES

•Anemia

•Cirrhosis (i.e., liver)

•Leukemia

•Hyperthyroidism

-ABNORMAL HEMATOCRITS-

BLOOD TESTS:

HEMATOCRIT

12BLOOD TESTS:

MISCELLANEOUS

13BLOOD TESTS:

MISCELLANEOUS

14

FIBRIN threads

BLOOD TESTS:

MISCELLANEOUS

15Reference only

16

HIGH

VALUES

•Obstructive pulmonary disease

•Congestive heart failure

•Polycythemia

•High altitudes

LOW

VALUES

•Anemia

•Hemorrhage

•Liver Disease (cirrhosis)

•Hyperthyroidism

Normal

Values

for Humans:

MALE:

14 - 17 g/dL

FEMALE:

12 - 15 g/dL

deci = 1/10

1 deciliter (dL)

= 100 mls.

BLOOD TESTS:

HEMOGLOBIN

17BLOOD TESTS:

ABO

BLOOD TYPING

Agglutination:

18

-ABO!BLOOD!TYPING-Blood!type A B AB O

Aagglutinogen(A!antigen)

Bagglutinogen(B!antigen)

A!&!Bagglutinogens

(both!A!&!B!antigens)

NO!A!or!Bagglutinogens

(NO!A!or!B!antigens)

RED!BLOOD!CELL!

SURFACE

PLASMAANTI-BAgglutinin•anti-B!antibody

ANTI-AAgglutinin•anti-A!antibody

NO!ANTI-A!or!ANTI-BAgglutinins•no!antibodies

ANTI-A!&!ANTI-B

Agglutinins•both!antibodies

CAN!RECEIVE!BLOOD!FROM

CAN!DONATEBLOOD!TO

A,O B,O A,B,AB,O O

A,!AB B,!AB AB A,B,AB,O

L.!G.!ALTMAN;!BIO!226

BLOOD TESTS:

ABO

BLOOD TYPING

VERY!IMPORTANT!NOTE:!During!ABO!transfusions,!antibodies!in!donated!!blood!plasma!are!NOT!significant!!!




A!&!Bagglutinogens




RED!BLOOD!CELL!

SURFACE




ANTI-A!&!ANTI-B



CAN!DONATEBLOOD!TO

A,O B,O A,B,AB,O O






A!&!Bagglutinogens




RED!BLOOD!CELL!

SURFACE




ANTI-A!&!ANTI-B



CAN!DONATEBLOOD!TO

A,O B,O A,B,AB,O O






A!&!Bagglutinogens




RED!BLOOD!CELL!

SURFACE




ANTI-A!&!ANTI-B



CAN!DONATEBLOOD!TO

A,O B,O A,B,AB,O O


L.!G.!ALTMAN;!BIO!226L. Altman; Bio 212

19BLOOD TESTS:

ABO BLOOD TYPING

20BLOOD TESTS:

-ABO!BLOOD!TYPING-

SLIDE!W SLIDE!X

SLIDE!Y SLIDE!Z

1. Label!4!slides!W,!X,!Y!and!Z.2. Draw!a!line!with!waxed!pencil!down!the! center!of!each!slide.3. Label!each!side!of!slides!as!shown...

anti!-!A

anti!-!A anti!-!A

anti!-!A

anti!-!B anti!-!B

anti!-!Banti!-!B

We will use a commercial kit, instead.

21

-ABO BLOOD TYPING-

SLIDE W

anti - A anti - B

Slide W

1. ! Place a drop of "W" blood on each side...

2.! Place a drop of anti - A serum on left...

3.! Place a drop of anti - B serum on right...

anti - Bserum

anti - Aserum

Mix each side with opposite

ends of a tooth pick;

discard toothpick.

Patience.

Observe/record results.

Repeat using X, Y and Z blood on appropriate slides.

BLOOD TESTS: We will use a commercial kit, instead.

22BLOOD TESTS:

BLOOD TYPING Rh Factor

END

bio 212: 1 anatomy & physiology ii lab 212 labs/bloodtestsfs.pdf1 anatomy & physiology ii...

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