bio based products 1/2: feedstocks and formulation, certification workshop [presenter version]
DESCRIPTION
This workshop uses the example of a bio-based shampoo to demonstrate the use of biomass feedstocks, the bio-refinery concept, certification, and bio-based product standards. This is the presenter version and is up to date as of November 2014. For annotated handouts featuring detailed descriptions of the slides please visit http://www.slideshare.net/JamesSherwood2/bio-based-products-22-feedstocks-and-formulation-certification-workshop-annotated-handouts The purpose of this presentation is to give the audience in the workshop an opportunity to learn about the various aspects of biomass use in the chemical industry. The chosen scenario is the production of a shampoo formulation. The participants are given a variety of numbered options concerning biomass selection and the types of certification that can be used. By the end of the workshop the participants will have filled in a 4-digit code with 48 possible solutions. The implications of each decision during the workshop can then be discussed. The last 48 slides are not part of the presentation but describe each possible result of the workshop options, which can be reached using the links on slide 51. A detailed description of how the results are obtained is provided to the audience in their handouts.TRANSCRIPT
James [email protected]
www.researchgate.net/profile/James_Sherwood2http://www.slideshare.net/JamesSherwood2
blogs.rsc.org/gc/author/sherwoodj
twitter.com/S4_Solvents www.york.ac.uk/chemistry/research/green
Presenter version
November 2014
Microwave
Processing
Clean Synthesis
& Platform
Molecules
Alternative
Solvents
Training, Education
and Networks
JamesClark
Avtar Matharu
Mike North
DuncanMacquarrie
MorayStark
Clean Synthesis Technology Platform
• Definitions and standards for bio-based products• Analysis of bio-based composition• Renewability assessment based on production chain• Complimentary work by partner organisations (biodegradation, labelling….)
3
www.kbbpps.euwww.open-bio.eu
4
ec.europa.eu/research/bioeconomywww.theguardian.com/environment/2014/oct/13/mark-carney-fossil-fuel-reserves-burned-carbon-bubblewww.edie.net/news/5/Policymakers-urged-to-accelerate-shift-to-bio-based-economy
Coal, gas and oil assets are at risk!
~ Mark Carney(governor of the Bank of England)
5
“Taking bio-based from promise to market”, EC ad-hoc advisory group, 3/11/2009“Plant based chemistry A key stone in the chemical industry mutation”, Dr Valerie Lucas, Annual Network Conference Biobased Economy, 11/12/12
2025
2010
2005
Proportion ofbio-based products
in each sector
Chemical sectors
Bio-based chemicals market€ 126,000,000,000 (7%)
6
www.achema.de/de/presse/www.aaechemie.com/html/aae_solvent_information.htmlen.european-bioplastics.org/multimedia/ www.plasticsportal.net/wa/plasticsEU/portal/show/content/products/biodegradable_plastics/ecovio
Lubricants
Solvent
Surfactants
Bio-based solvent market share = 1.5%
Current capacity = 12.5%
265 million metric tonnes per year
20 MMT
2016 projection for bio-plastics
= 2.2%
Plastic
Biomass
Petrochemicals
IngredientsIntermediates
Product
(1) Chemical manufacturer: Produces a surfactant
(2) Chemical procurer: Sources an aroma compound
(3) Chemical product formulator: Makes an article (e.g. a cleaning product)
Intermediates
Make decisions regarding biomass use throughout the production chain in order to gain certification
7
8
Answers are multiple choice. Write your preferred answer in the relevant box as you go along…
…there is no single correct answer, but a number of “optimum solutions”
You can also choose from a selection of biomass feedstocks.
Sodiumlaurethsulphate
Glycerol
Vanillin
Sodium chloride
Other things
0
20
40
60
80
100
Formulating ingredients:
9
10
WaterDecyl glucoside
Sodium coco sulphateGlycerol
Magnesium chlorideCoco glucosideGlyceryl oleate
Aloe vera powderOlive oil
Sodium chlorideOrange oil
Sodium benzoate
WaterSodium laureth-3 sulphateSodium lauryl sulphateCoco monoethanolamideZinc carbonateGlycol distearateDimethiconeSodium xylenesulphonateCetyl alcoholMagnesium sulphateSodium chlorideSodium benzoateMagnesium carbonate Benzyl alcoholTocopherol acetateIsothiazolinone
‘Normal’ product: ‘Green’ product:
www.envirologek.comen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foam_pump
12
1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation
Bio
mas
sB
iore
fin
ery
FoodStarch, sugar, oils
Food wasteinedible lignocellulose
(cellulosic bio-ethanol), municipal waste
Unrelated to food and agricultural land use
CO2 utilisation, algae products
One feedstock
Multiple product options
One feedstock
One product stream
Multiple feedstock streams
(whole crop)
Multiple product options
13
www.biodieselprocessor.org/www.chempolis.com/contact-us/plantbasedsummit.com/roquette-s-technical-visit,68.html
Roquette, France1st gen biomass
2nd gen biorefinery
Someone’s garden shed1st/2nd gen biomass1st gen biorefinery
Chemopolis, Finland2nd gen biomass3rd gen biorefinery
Clean Synthesis Technology Platform
A new OPEC:
Orange Peel Exploitation Company
50% juice 50% waste
Valorisation of a million ton scale pre-consumer waste
to bio-chemicals, bio-materials and bio-fuels.
BIO-CHEMICALS
8,069,705 T/y
of waste orange peels available in Brazil
BIO-FUELS
BIO-MATERIALS
Bio-ethanol
Bio-based solvents
Chars
Liquid fuelsSugars
Water purificationSeparations
Natural fragrance chemicals
Chemical intermediates
Catalysis
14
L. Pfaltzgraff et al., Green Chem., 2013, 15, 307.
Clean Synthesis Technology Platform15
M. Pourbafrani et al., Biores. Tech., 2010, 101, 4246.
Chemicals Fuels
Flavanoids
OPEC, India2nd gen biomass
1st gen biorefinery
Orange Peel Biorefinery16
Need a renewable source of hydrophobic chemical groups
17
58 wt% straw
E. H. K. Sin et al., C. R. Chimie, 2014, 17, 293.‘Towards a Wheat Straw based Biorefinery’, Fabien Deswarte.
‘Biomass: To win the Future’, Shi Yuanchun, Lexington Books, Plymouth, 2014.
18
UK Sugar Beet Sustainability Report 2011horizons.innovateuk.org/case-studies/31
www.dw.de/italian-company-makes-plastic-from-sugar-beet-waste/a-15438369
Need a renewable source of hydrophobic chemical groups
1st gen biomass3rd gen biorefinery
0% waste sugar beet factory,Norfolk
Nothing suitable in these product streams?
19
http://www.braskem.com.br/site.aspx/How-it-is-produced
Need a renewable source of hydrophobic chemical groups
20
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapeseed
100%sustainable
21
Biofuels Barometer, EurObser’ER, July 2014
22
The UK used ~0.7 million tonnes of bio-diesel in 2013
EU 2020 renewable transport energy target is 10%:Maximum 5% contribution from food/land competing bio-fuels
ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/biofuels/land_use_change_en.htm
23
J. Clark and F. Deswarte (ed.), “Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass”, 2008, Wiley.
Straw(e.g. wheat)
Vegetable oil (e.g. rapeseed)
Sugar(e.g. sugar beet,
sugar cane)
24
25
Oligomerisation
Cracking
Hydration
Naphtha
Other pro-
ducts
DodeceneEthylene
Water
Hydrolysis
Reforming
ReductionLauric acid
Methane
Water
CO
Vegetable oil
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
Water
Water
Gly
cero
l
Alcohol-ysis
Cracking
Oxi-dation
Oxi-dation
Sulphon-ation
Electrolysis
Neutralis-ation
Water
Sodium laureth
sulphate
Hydrogen laureth
sulphate
NaO
H
NaCl
Water
Chlorine
Mono-lauryl tri-ethylene
glycol
Sulp
hu
r tr
ioxi
de
Water
H2S
Oxygen
Ethyl-ene
oxide
Ethyl-ene
Losses
Oxy
gen
Other products
Hydrogen
1-Dodecanol
Naphtha
130 0
25
Amount of triglycerides /kg(assuming 100% fatty acid utilisation)
Amount of naphtha /kg(assuming 25% selectivity to ethylene)
Can be somewhere between the two!A non-dedicated biorefinery
50
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
1
2
3
4
Autumn Winter Spring Summer
Bio
mas
s fe
ed
uti
lisat
ion
(lin
es)
Pri
ce u
nit
s (b
ars)
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
1
2
3
4
Autumn Winter Spring SummerB
iom
ass
fee
d u
tilis
atio
n (
line
s)
Pri
ce u
nit
s (b
ars)
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
1
2
3
4
Autumn Winter Spring Summer
Bio
mas
s fe
ed
uti
lisat
ion
(lin
es)
Pri
ce u
nit
s (b
ars)
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Option 4 (60%)
Option 2 or 3(~68%)
Option 1 (75%)
Budget: 6
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
1
2
3
4
Autumn Winter Spring Summer
Bio
mas
s fe
ed
uti
lisat
ion
(lin
es)
Pri
ce u
nit
s (b
ars)
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
1
2
3
4
Autumn Winter Spring Summer
Bio
mas
s fe
ed
uti
lisat
ion
(lin
es)
Pri
ce u
nit
s (b
ars)
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Option 4 (60%)
Option 2 or 3(~68%)
Option 1 (75%)
Budget: 6
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0
1
2
3
4
Autumn Winter Spring SummerB
iom
ass
fee
d u
tilis
atio
n (
line
s)
Pri
ce u
nit
s (b
ars)
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Choose the amount of biomass you want to use in order to produce sodium laureth sulphate:
Option 1: (greedy)
Option 2: (crash & burn)
Option 3: (reactionary)
Option 4: (slow & steady)
1
3
4
2
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerator_mass_spectrometry www.epa.gov/sustainability/analytics/sustainability-impact.htmhttp://www.mvskincare.com/news/mv-skincare-uses-orangutan-friendly-sustainable-palm-oil-in-products-7pm-project-report
Certify the input feedstock(for sustainable biomass accreditation)?
orCertify the output product (biomass content label)?
Certify the input feedstock(for sustainable biomass accreditation)?
orCertify the output product (biomass content label)?
Choose a type of biomass certification:
Sustainable biomass:
Bio-based content:
X 1
X 2
Environmental criteriaClimate protectionAir qualityAir quality and quantitySoil quality and productivity and erosionBiodiversity within production areaBiodiversity protection areasEfficient energy and material useRenewable energy useResponsible waste management
Social criteriaLabour rightsWorking conditionsLiving conditionsLand use and land use changeWater scarcity measuresLocal development
Economic criteriaFair business practice
Certification of biomass(for sustainable biomass accreditation)
31
www.iscc-system.orgprEN 16751, 2014
Certification of biomass: renewable resource use
32
Biomass (30 wt%)
Petrochemicals(70 wt%)
Product A (40 wt%)
Product B (50 wt%)
Waste stream (10 wt%)
50% fossil saving75% fossil saving
60%fossil
saving
‘Attribution’ of fossil savings is done on agreed units – and not necessarily mass!
33
‘Conventional’ Supply Chain
RSPO Supply Chain Certification Standard, 25/11/2011
Allocated Mass Balance
Book-and-Claim
Sustainablebiomass
Proportion of renewable materials
Supporting sustainable
practice
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
Relates to:
Does not cover:
Production of biomass
The amount of biomass incorporated into an article
Utilisation of biomass
The origin of the biomass or the actual bio-based content of an article
Encouraging sustainable biomass production
The amount of biomass incorporated into an article
Sustainablebiomass
Proportion of renewable materials
Supporting sustainable
practice
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
Relates to:
Does not cover:
Production of biomass
The amount of biomass incorporated into an article
Utilisation of biomass
The origin of the biomass or the actual bio-based content of an article
Encouraging sustainable biomass production
The amount of biomass incorporated into an article
Choose a biomass feedstock certification type:
Sustainability (e.g. ISSC):
Renewable resource use (e.g. TÜV SÜD):
Book and claim (e.g. RSPO):
X 11
X 31
X 21
Must be a 1 in this cell(if you chose 2 please wait!)
36
www.leibniz.uni-kiel.de/ams-14c-labor/radiokarbonmethode c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/embed.php?File=leaf_bio.html#microprobe
37
web2.ges.gla.ac.uk/~dfabel/AMS/AMS_schematic.html
14C abundance: 1 part per trillion
38
Chemical structure:
Bio-based carbon and fossil carbon:
Allocation of total bio-based content:
Biomass material balance:
67% bio-based
57% bio-based
42% bio-based
Synthesis
Option 4:
Option 5:
Option 6:www.chimieduvegetal.com/pageLibre000110dd.asp
Chemical structure:
Bio-based carbon and fossil carbon:
Allocation of total bio-based content:
Biomass material balance:
67% bio-based
57% bio-based
42% bio-based
Synthesis
Option 4:
Option 5:
Option 6:
Which logo do you prefer?
\
Choose the method of bio-based content calculation:
Bio-based carbon:
Atom connectivity:
Material balance:
X 42
X 62
X 52
Must be a 2 in this cell(if you chose 1 you’ve missed your chance!)
USA (4a) Germany (4b)
beaninthebottlevanilla.com/history-of-vanilla/
vv
vv
+ ethylene(naphtha)
Origin (13C): Vanilla pods / wood & essential oilsBio-based carbon content (14C): 100% / 88%Biomass content (all methods): 100% / 81%
Feedstock certification -
{Bio-based content of product
42
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10
δ2H
/‰
δ13C /‰
Lignin
Natural
Synthetic
Natural extracted vanillinMade from guaiacol
M. Greule et al., Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2010, 231, 933.
43
Certification benefits:• Stimulates socio-economic and environmental
improvement• Ensures a minimum quality and consistency• Promotes permanent, premium price contracts with
farmers and guarantees a market
Certification burdens:• Expensive for small growers• Confusion because of different claims are allowed
depending on the contents (e.g. “organic” when >95% of the ingredients comply but “made with organic ingredients” when it is >70%)
• ‘Organic’ and ‘fairtrade’ ≠ sustainable
news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=186789www4.ncsu.edu/~lkberlam/World_Forestry/EC regulation1334/2008 on flavourings and certain food ingredients with flavouring properties for use in and on foods (16/12/2008)
Certification benefits:• Stimulates socio-economic and environmental
improvement• Ensures a minimum quality and consistency• Promotes permanent, premium price contracts with
farmers and guarantees a market
Certification burdens:• Expensive for small growers• Confusion because of different claims are allowed
depending on the contents (e.g. “organic” when >95% of the ingredients comply but “made with organic ingredients” when it is >70%)
• ‘Organic’ and ‘fairtrade’ ≠ sustainable
news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=186789www4.ncsu.edu/~lkberlam/World_Forestry/EC regulation1334/2008 on flavourings and certain food ingredients with flavouring properties for use in and on foods (16/12/2008)
Choose the origin of the aroma molecule vanillin:
Natural vanillin:
Synthetic vanillin:
X 1XX
X 2XX
You have made abio-based shampoo!
“Lovely smell but disappointing” –Anonymous (Boots.com review)
reviews.boots.com/2111-en_gb/854422/ogx-organix-soft-silky-vanilla-silk-shampoo-384-5ml-reviews/reviews.htm
46
Biomass
Petrochemicals
IngredientsIntermediates
Product Intermediates
Europe: Bio-based carbon content is calculated on the basis of total carbon contentUSA: Bio-based carbon content is calculated on the basisof organic carbon only (allowing for higher values)
If the biomass input ever dips to 0%, the product cannot certified by ‘material balance’ methods of total bio-based content
Certification can only be generated if the formulation ingredients are certified
If the value of bio-based carbon in the product/intermediate varies, it cannot be certified using ‘bio-based carbon content’
Biomass can be certified as sustainable with no lower limit on the amount of biomass used
47
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Sustainable [x11x] Acquired sustainability (book and claim) [x13x]Maximum fossil resource savings [1121]Consistent bio-based carbon content (USA can give a better result) [424(a)1]Consistent total bio-based content [4251]Maximum biomass input without ever dipping to 0% [3261]Natural vanilla is indeed ‘natural’ and increases bio-based content [xxx1]
48
49
Vanilla pod price: www.datamyne.com/imports/vanilla-price-watch/Vanilla extract relative mass: www.bostonvanillabeans.com/bettervanillabean.htmSynthetic vanillin price: cen.acs.org/articles/92/i6/Following-Routes-Naturally-Derived-Vanillin.htmlGreen product market: J. C. Blad, EcoChem 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bjJ_EppQTs
Ethylene price: www.platts.com/news-feature/2014/petrochemicals/pgpi/ethyleneSugarcane price (US): FAOSTAT (faostat.fao.org)Ethylene from sugar derived ethanol: www.accessscience.com/content/ethylene-from-bioethanol/BR0120141Sugarcane ethanol productivity: www.shell.com/global/environment-society/environment/climate-change/biofuels-alternative-energies-transport/biofuels/raizen/sugar-cane-to-ethanol-animation/accessible.htmlWheat straw price: www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/361933/commodityprices-hay-09oct14.xlsCellulosic ethanol price: J. D. Kerstetter, Wheat Straw for Ethanol Production in Washington: A Resource, Technical, and Economic AssessmentRapeseed oil price: www.nesteoil.com/default.asp?path=1,41,538,2035,14053
Natural vanillin (extract is 2% of bean)20 kg = £12,500
Synthetic vanillin (petrochemical)20 kg = £125
People will pay 10% more for ‘green’ goods – not usually
10000%!
50
14%surfactant
priceincrease
People will pay 10% more for ‘green’ goods
5%surfactant
priceincrease
Assuming allfatty acids are suitable!
(sources on previous slide)
sodium laureth sulphate50 kg (dry mass) = £150 ~terrible estimate!
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\Click on a code to see the claims and certificates
51
James [email protected]
1 111
Feedstock certified = SustainableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
1 211
Feedstock certified = SustainableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
1 121
Feedstock certified = 60% renewable Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
Highest biomass
feedstock quantity
return
1 221
Feedstock certified = 48% renewableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
1 131
Feedstock certified = Offset ‘sustainable’
Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
1 231
Feedstock certified = Offset ‘sustainable’
Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
1 2
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 38% bio-based carbonIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
If the ‘other things’ are inorganic: 42% bio-based
carbon in USA
4a (USA) or 4b (EU) 1
return
1 24a (USA) or 4b (EU)2
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 35% bio-based carbon (EU)Ingredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
If the ‘other things’ are inorganic: 38% bio-based
carbon in USA
return
1 152
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 35% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
30
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
1 252
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 31% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
30
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
1 162
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 35% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
1 262
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 31% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 111
Feedstock certified = SustainableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 211
Feedstock certified = SustainableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 121
Feedstock certified = 58% renewable Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 221
Feedstock certified = 46% renewableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 131
Feedstock certified = Offset ‘sustainable’
Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 231
Feedstock certified = Offset ‘sustainable’
Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 142
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 38% bio-based carbonIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
4a (USA) or 4b (EU) 1
If the ‘other things’ are inorganic: 42% bio-based
carbon in USA
return
2 242
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 35% bio-based carbonIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
4a (USA) or 4b (EU) 2
If the ‘other things’ are inorganic: 38% bio-based
carbon in USA
return
2 152
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 35% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
30
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 252
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 31% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
30
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 162
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 35% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
2 262
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 31% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
3 111
Feedstock certified = SustainableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
3 211
Feedstock certified = SustainableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
3 121
Feedstock certified = 58% renewable Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
3 221
Feedstock certified = 45% renewableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
3 131
Feedstock certified = Offset ‘sustainable’
Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
3 231
Feedstock certified = Offset ‘sustainable’
Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
3 142
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 38% bio-based carbonIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
4a (USA) or 4b (EU) 1
If the ‘other things’ are inorganic: 42% bio-based
carbon in USA
return
3 242
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 35% bio-based carbonIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
4a (USA) or 4b (EU) 2
If the ‘other things’ are inorganic: 38% bio-based
carbon in USA
return
3 152
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 35% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
30
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
3 252
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 31% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
30
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
3 162
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 49% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
Highest biomass material balance
value
return
3 262
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 45% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
4 111
Feedstock certified = SustainableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
4 211
Feedstock certified = SustainableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
4 121
Feedstock certified = 55% renewable Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
4 221
Feedstock certified = 43% renewableBio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
4 131
Feedstock certified = Offset ‘sustainable’
Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
4 231
Feedstock certified = Offset ‘sustainable’
Bio-based = Not statedIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
4 142
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 59% bio-based carbonIngredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
Highest bio-based
carbon value
4a (USA) or 4b (EU) 1
If the ‘other things’ are inorganic: 65% bio-based
carbon in USA
return
4 242
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 56% bio-based carbonIngredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
4a (USA) or 4b (EU) 2
If the ‘other things’ are inorganic: 62% bio-based
carbon in USA
return
4 152
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 52% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
Highest total bio-
based content value
return
4 252
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 48% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
45
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
4 162
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 47% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return
4 262
Feedstock certified = Not statedBio-based = 43% bio-based (total mass)Ingredients = Not natural
Feedstockcertification:
50
Bio-based carboncertification:
Total bio-based contentcertification:
Natural productcertification:
Characteristics
EC 1334/2008 US FDA 21 CFR 101.22
return