CHAPTER 7: RESPIRATION

7.2 The Respiratory Structures And Breathing Mechanisms In

Humans And Animals

Respiratory Structure In Some Animals

Respiratory Structures in Unicellular Organism

through plasma membrane. have a large surface area compared to the volume of

their body. Movement of the respiratory gases between the

respiratory surface and the external environment is by diffusion

The larger the size, the smaller the surface area per unit volume thus, the volume of the body that requires oxygen increases much more rapidly than the surface area.

Amoeba Sp.

Respiratory Structure In Insects

Known as tracheal system.Consists of air tube called tracheae.Air enters trachea through spiracles.The tracheae branch into fine tubes called tracheole.Larger insects have air sacs in their tracheal system.The movements of the abdominal muscle will

compress and expand the tracheae to speed up the diffusion of gasses into the cells.

Respiratory Structure Of Fish

• Through gills.• Bony fish have four pairs of gills.• Supported by a gill arch and protected by

operculum.• Each gill have two rows of thin filaments

arranged in V shape.• The filaments have a thin plate called

lamellae.

The Structural Adaptation Of Gills

o Thin membranes to allow the absorption of respiratory gasses into the blood capillaries.

o Rich of blood capillaries for efficient exchange and transport of respiratory gasses.

o Surrounded by water which enable respiratory gasses to be dissolve.

o Large surface area of filaments and lamellae for efficient gasses exchange.

The Breathing Mechanism Of Fish

EXCHANGES OF GASES OCCURS THROUGH SKIN AND LUNGS.

Respiratory Structure Of Amphibians

Adaptation Of The Skin Function

The skin is thin and highly permeable.

To allow the absorption of respiratory gases into the blood capillary.

Beneath the skin is a network of blood capillaries.

To receive oxygen and transport it to body cells.

The skin is kept moist by secretion of mucus by glands found on the surface of the body.

Facilitate rapid and efficient exchange of gases between the skin and the environment.

A Frog’s Lung

Adaptation Of The Lung Function

Having numerous inner partition.

• To increase the surface area for gases changes.

Covered with a rich network of blood capillaries.

• To receive oxygen and transport it to body cells.

The membrane of the lungs are thin and moist.

• Facilitated the efficient diffusion of respiratory gases in and out rapidly.

The Breathing Mechanism Of Frog

Respiratory Structure Of Humano Exchanges of gases in human takes place in the lungs.o Air enters the lungs through:

o Trachea is supported by cartilage which keep it from collapse during inhalation.

Structure of human lungs

Features of Alveoli And Its Function

Breathing Mechanism In Human

THE END… ;-)

by Izzah and Ayla