Bio-Controls: Bacterial Bio-Controls: Bacterial Infection FundamentalsInfection Fundamentals

By Ryan MurrayBy Ryan Murray

NeedNeed

Crops decimated by Pythium (Stietsma, 1973)

NeedNeed

Corn Fields killed by Stewarts

Former Methods of ControlFormer Methods of Control DDTDDT

Dioxin (Agent Dioxin (Agent Orange)Orange)

Bio ControlsBio Controls

Garsney (2001)Garsney (2001)

PurposePurpose Finding bio controls- fight off Finding bio controls- fight off

diseases and pestsdiseases and pests

Alternate HypothesesAlternate Hypotheses1.If Soybean Plants exposed to Pythium and Fusarium are treated with P.Putida, Fungal Mycelium, and S. griesevoridis, the infections will decrease

2. If soybean plants exposed to Root Knot Nematodes are treated with Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, the infestation will decrease.

Pythium Root RotPythium Root Rot

Lit ReviewLit Review

(Sietsma,1973) Wall structure and (Sietsma,1973) Wall structure and Growth in Pythium Bacterial Growth in Pythium Bacterial Infection. Cambridge University PressInfection. Cambridge University Press

Fungal Mycelium

FusariumFusarium

(Ajello,1979)

Lit ReviewLit Review

(Tari,1988) Fusarium Wilt Suppression (Tari,1988) Fusarium Wilt Suppression and Agglutinability of Pseudomonas and Agglutinability of Pseudomonas putida. putida.

Appl Environ Microbiol. AugustAppl Environ Microbiol. August

19881988 Leonard KJ, Bushnell WR. 2003. Fusarium Leonard KJ, Bushnell WR. 2003. Fusarium

head blight of wheat and barley. head blight of wheat and barley. American Phytopathological Society American Phytopathological Society Press .Press .

Root Knot Nematodes Root Knot Nematodes Ester (2003) Ester (2003) in cooperation with the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. Stanley R. Johnson, director, Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University of Science and Technology,Ames, Iowa.

Rhabditid Nematode attacking root knots

Root- Knot Nematodes

Stewart’s DiseaseStewart’s Disease

Pseudomonas PutidaPseudomonas Putida

(Kachlany, 2002)

S. griseoviridisS. griseoviridis

Against resident levels of Fusarium-Against resident levels of Fusarium-reduced Fusarium infection by 16%reduced Fusarium infection by 16%

Similarity Similarity Distinct similarities between the Distinct similarities between the

three diseases.three diseases.

SOYBEAN PLANTS SOYBEAN PLANTS

Soybean yields are affected quantitatively and qualitatively by fungi, insects, nematodes, and viruses (Domier, 2009)

METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY N= 50 Soybean Plants

N=10Exposed to Pythium

N=10Exposed to Fusarium

N=10 Exposed to Stewart’s (rootknots)

Treated with P.putida, Fungal Mycelium and S. griseoviridis

Treated with Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Time = 30 daysMeasurements taken using Diluting Fluid (measuring volume of bacterial infection) and Leaf health scale

SPPS Statistical Analysis by ANOVA comparing the various bio controls to the control followed by Sheffe Post Hoc Test where p<.05

N=10 ControlN=10 Exposed to Root Knots (No Stewarts)

Protocols for BacteriaProtocols for Bacteria

All strains must be kept isolated from All strains must be kept isolated from one another to avoid contaminationone another to avoid contamination

Plants infected by injection or pin-Plants infected by injection or pin-prick methodprick method

Root Knots exposed to Stewarts by Root Knots exposed to Stewarts by ingestion in mediumingestion in medium

Budget PlanBudget Plan

VendorOrder

Number Quant Description Price

Carolina Online 155265 1 Pseudomonas Putida, Living tube $9.20

Carolina NP-15-6033 1 Fusarium Oxysporum $9.20

Cornell University-Xiaohong Wang 1 Root Knot Nematodes

Carolina Online 593120 1 Walter QZG Zoom Stereomicroscope $519.00

BD CATALOG 442104 1 Diluting fluid- used to count Bacteria

Carolina Online 721169 1 Pyrex® Vista™ Test Tubes 50 count $14.50

Cornell University-Xiaohong Wang 1 Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Carolina Online 158443 1 Bean, Soy, Viable Seed, 1 lb $8.75

Still Searching Fungal Mycelium

Do- AbilityDo- Ability1.1. Pythium, Fusarium, and Root Knots Pythium, Fusarium, and Root Knots

obtainable by online and collegiate obtainable by online and collegiate sourcessources

2.2. P.Putida, Mycelium, P.Putida, Mycelium, S. griseoviridis,S. griseoviridis, and and Phasmarhabditis Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita; available online at hermaphrodita; available online at Carolina and at other sourcesCarolina and at other sources

BibliographyBibliography Bagnall, R.. Control of Pythium wilt and root rot of hydroponically grown lettuce by means of chemical Bagnall, R.. Control of Pythium wilt and root rot of hydroponically grown lettuce by means of chemical

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