Flip it.

Brain EEG Oscillations,

Bio-Radiation Covert Abuse Protection,

And, Some Meditation

contact: Arun Agrawal, M.S. United States

agrawal2020.arun@gmail.com, Kanpur, INDIA

1. Fundamental Aspects of Physiology of Human Brain

Neuron Activation Signals

Human body and other living organisms are made of various types of cells. For the

present focus, we consider particular type of cell, the neuron [1-3]. Brain has two

types of cells – neurological cells (with less known function capabilities) and neurons

(which are basic units for the memory, thought process, and consciousness; and,

transmit information). There are about 1012

neurons in human brain which work in

parallel. Thus, brain is electro-chemical system with signals being transmitted both

chemically and electrically by the neuro-transmitters. Each neuron can generate

electric potential of order of +ve/-ve 70 mV.

Fig 1 Electrical activation in neurons [2]

A particular motor activity or cognitive activity can be mapped to a neuron activity

signal at specific location site in the brain. EEG signal (Electro Encephalo Graph)

measures changing electrical potential as a result of physiological phenomenon of

neuron activation due to an activity.

EEG Oscillations Map

EEG maps show dynamic physiological activity. These oscillations relate to different

activities in different cortical layers of the brain. A typical EEG signal map is divided

into frequency-bands associated with specific neuron activition signals (physiological

phenomenon) based on a dominant frequency [1]

delta band ( 0.5-4 Hz) – associated with deep sleep

theta band (4-8 Hz) - associated with light sleep / drowsiness.

alpha band (8-13 Hz) - associated with relaxed unforced alert state

beta band (13-22 Hz) - associated with active concentration

gamma band(22-40 Hz) - associated with attentive function/ sensory stimulation

Fig 2 EEG oscillations [3]

The oscillations close to 10 Hz are dominant in EEG map for humans and other

higher living beings. It is also found that the Earth has electrical / magnetic energy

with sinusoidal resonant cavity close to 10 Hz [2]. Hence it is believed that the 10 Hz

dominance of the neuro-physiological character in EEG map is due to the electrical

and magnetic energy in the atmosphere of this frequency [2]. However, the magnitude

of magnetic field in human body is very small fraction of Earth’s magnetic filed.

Relationship Between Neuron Activation and Blood Oxygen

Respiratory system works together with the circulatory system to provide oxygen into

blood for the metabolic processes and remove the metabolic waste as shown in Fig 3.

Blood oxygenation is measured in terms of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent

(BOLD) contrast signal. There exist a relationship between changes in oxygenation of

the blood flow in brain and underlying neuron activity as shown below [4-5].

Neuron activation (due to the stimulus for a cognitive task or motor task) results in the

increase in blood oxygenation state in capillary blood at the local site. This allows

higher diffusion of molecular oxygen from the capillary to cell mitochondria to meet

the metabolic demand for brain cells at this site. The oxygen in capillary blood is

supplied by the component of the blood called haemoglobin (Fig 4).

Fig 3. In lungs, oxygen is pumped into the blood; passes to heart; then, flows into

body. The deoxygenated blood from body flows back to heart and then into lungs [1].

Fig 4. Increase in blood oxygen with neuron activity [4]

It was demonstrated that the magnetic properties of haemoglobin depended on the

amount of oxygen it carries. This dependency forms the basis for measuring neuron

activation using technique known as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

and obtains the BOLD contrast signal using the magnetic property of blood [4]

The two techniques (fMRI and EEG), respectively, provide good resolution for the

spatial (sub-mm level) and temporal (milli-second level) domain. Hence, together

they show direct relationship between the neuron activity (EEG signal) and blood

oxygen level (fMRI BOLD signal) for low-level sensory and motor tasks. The

sensitivity for the co-relationship may diverge for complex cognitive tasks which

would stimulate several different regions of the brain. +-

2. External Interface with Neuron Activation EEG Map (Brain-

Computer-Interface or BCI)

The primary motivation for building an external (computer) interface device with

neuron activation EEG map is to restore the lost sensory or motor functionality of the

subject. For recording EEG map stimulus is presented to the subject and neuron

activation is recorded in form of EEG map shown in the schematic by the arrow

marks (Fig 5). For clinical stimulation by an implant, the process shall have the

arrows reversed.

Fig 5. EEG Map recording set-up showing image map of neuron activity for a sensory

task (please see the arrow marks), adapted from google images.

There are 3 types of clinical applications using an external interface with the neuron

activity site in brain, termed “Brain Computer Interface”, or BCI.

• Type 1 BCI: application using recording EEG map (non-invasive)

• Type II BCI: application using clinical stimulation by an implant for neuron

activation (invasive with surgery required)

• Type III BCI: application which uses both recording EEG map and clinical

stimulation by an implant for neuron activation based on feedback loop

between the two.

Fig 6 (i) Type I BCI -Application using EEG map recording (ii) Type II BCI -

Applications using clinical stimulation by an implant (iii) Type III BCI -Application

using EEG map recoding and clinical stimulation in feedback loop.

BCI Application Using Recording EEG Map :

This involves neuron activation through voluntary training by the subject to restore

the lost functionality, for example, walking capability loss due to neuron damage in

the motor sites of the brain (after accident, paralysis, or stroke). During the training

session, EEG map is recorded and subject takes walking exercise (with or without a

mechanical exoskeleton) with goal to restore the targeted gait EEG imagery.

BCI Application Using Clinical Stimulation :

This involves clinical stimulation by an implant for activation of particular neuron

circuit site in brain to restore the lost functionality of the subject. For example,

cochlear implants stimulate nerve fibres of chchlea through electrical pulses by

implant electrodes. The electrical pulses delivered by the implant electrode contain

superimposed signals of the collected sound frequencies in the environment through a

device having microphone, signal processor, and transmitter.

BCI Application Using Both Recording EEG Map and Clinical Stimulation :

This involves direct feedback to the neurons using electrical stimulation by implant

electrodes with simultaneous EEG map recording, for example, a sensory prosthetic

hand motion in grasping task. The stimulation of motor cortex controls the muscles

for grasping motion task of the hand. An important advantage is that the EEG map

signal recording from one site of brain can be used to stimulate several sites in the

brain. Thus, the subject performs motor task using a mini-robotic neurochip-implant

with electrical electrodes to stimulate the neurons at motor sites in the brain.

3. Bio Radiation Abuse (Covert Weapons)

First Principle Speculation

Based on recent expansion in the attention from the medical and computational

modelling community to use the neuron mapping technology (in section 2 above,

unclassified reference [6]), it is not difficult to speculate the existence of a remote

wireless device for scan of EEG map. Such a device would use electromagnetic, radio

frequency (RF) radiation, without need to put electrodes on the scalp and provide a

crude EEG map. This remote RF scan capability to provide EEG map of the subject is

similar to transmission of carrier electromagnetic waves for cell phone. However, it

would need multi-frequency carrier RF radiation to scan the subject.

A wireless RF-radiation-scan device that provides EEG map remotely enables abuses

including stalking, stealing, and interface with remote computer to induce artificial

telepathy, or other effects. Covert abuse weapon technology embeds a processed

mechanical sound wave signal pulse on the carrier electromagnetic RF radiation to

target the spike of the EEG signal activity for the entire 24-hours duration. It is

speculated that the induced artificial auditory effect (artificial tinnitus) on the subject

using Type I process would depend on real-time EEG activity (mapped remotely) of

the subject and would disrupt and desynchronize the current neuron activity map.

The effects of external electromagnetic radiation also produce heat, ultraviolet

radiation discharge, shock wave, and contribute to chemical reactions [2].

Development of Bio Radiation Technology for Covert Abuse and Stockpiles

Unconfirmed sources indicate the initial developments for the covert abuse bio-

radiation technology during the Nazi era. This was followed by directed thrust to

support the technology research for expertise to build bio-radiation abuse covert

weapons with bigger concealed capability; and, recently has been condemned to

safeguard the protection of civil rights, and attracted further attention for investigation

by the US federal government [7].

However, loose stockpile of covert abuse technology for stalking and stealing is

available to the perpetrators, for example, the Belgium national suspect [8].

Bio Radiation Abuse Protection

When the physiological BOLD contrast signal (measure of EEG map) match is

suppressed, and the BOLD contrast signal is maintained undisturbed, the external

force (stimuli) from electromagnetic radiation abuse shall have diminished effect, as

neuron activation would be rejected in the EEG map. Hence, it is important to

advance with the fore-planned actions for the day without disturbing the BOLD signal

and the EEG map at any of the neuron sites in brain.

4. Meditation and Neuron Activation

From generic definition, meditation is a process that clears mind. Meditation is a

highly cognitive task and changes in neuron circuits occur (Fig 7, 8)

Meditation is a task different from other cognitive tasks, for example, the reading

task. Meditation exercise deletes the daily clutter and garbage accumulated at the

neuron sites in the brain, and strengthens neuro-coherence and integration. During

meditation there is significantly higher activity at selective neuron sites of the brain

and diminished activity over other neuron sites as revealed by fMRI maps [9].

Meditation increases the consciousness state of the body (zen meditation task).

Consequently, there has been recent interest to understand the physiological process

responsible for the distinct characteristics of fMRI maps [9].

(a) (b)

Fig 7 (a,b) Meditation produces changes in the neuron circuits

5. References and Acknowledgements

1. Michael Small, Dynamics of Biological Systems, CRC Press, 2012.

2. Robert Becker & Andrew Marino, Electromagnetism and Life, State

University of New York Press, 1982.

3. Rajesh P.N. Rao, Brain Computer Interfacing, Cambridge University Press,

2013.

4. Stuart Clare, PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham, UK, fMRI: Methods and

Applications, 1997.

5. Keith Thulborn (University of Chicago), Clinical fMRI, Book Chapter, MRI

of Brain, Ed Scott Atlas, 2008.

6. Internet sources: economist.com, Oct 29, 2011; dailymail.co.uk, science tech,

3 Sept, 2014; bbc.co.uk, best of future, Apr 5, 2013.

7. International Center Against Abuse of Covert Technologies,

(www.ICAACT.org)

8. Compliant to European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), Strasburg (Dec,

2015) for insufficient investigation by the local police against Belgium

professor (Ghent University) for circulation of explicitly racist email through

the University server, acts of xenophobia involving stealing of passports,

money, and documents and abuse of covert technology for stealing documents

and stalking.

9. Newberg A.B. & Iversen J., The Neural Basis of the Complex Mental Task of

Meditation: Neurotransmitters and Neurochemical Considerations, Medical

Hypotheses, Vol 61, 2003, pp 282-291.

10. Jeni Miller, Bellingham Muse, Washington, US, Jan 2015 (cover picture).