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TRANSCRIPT
Bio-terrorism: Threats, Responses and
Impact in aviation
Dr. Walter Gaber Budapest 2016
1925 Geneva Protocol
1972 Biological Weapons Convention:
Parties agree never to produce stockpile,
acquire or retain any bilogical agent for
other than peaceful purposes
International Agreement
Biological Warefare:
International use of viruses, bacteria,
fungi or toxins derived from living
organism to produce death or disease
in humans, animals or plants
Impact for Airlines/Airports.......
Terror
Overwhelms capacity
Need personal protective equipment
Disposal of deceased
·
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·
·
·
·
·
Variola major
Bacillus anthracis
Yersinia pestis
Cl. botulinum-Toxin
Francisella
tularensis
Filoviren
Arenaviren
Kategorie A Kategorie B
· Coxiella burnetti
· Brucella species
· Burkholderia mallei
· Alphaviren
· Ricin-Toxin
· Cl. perfringens-
Toxin
· Staphyloccocus-
Enterotoxin B
· Vibrio cholerae
· Salmonella species
· Nipahvirus
· Hantavirus
· Gelbfiebervirus
· Tuberkulose (MDR)
· andere Viren
Biological Agents for
„Biowaffen“
(Quelle: CDC)
Kategorie C
Source: Gottschalk
can disseminate at great distance
agent clouds invisible Aircondition /Airports/underground
detection quite difficult
first sign is illness
overwhelms medical capabilities
simple threat creates panic
perpetrators escape before effects
ideal terrorist weapon ?
Advantages of BW: (Are Biologicals the Ultimate Weapon ?)
Strategic
•Cover large populations / geographic areas
Tactical
* Limitations due to incubation times
* Possibly effective vs. fixed positions
Terrorist
* Easy to deliver, difficult to detect
Biological Warfare Agents as Threats
Biological Terrorism - A New Trend ? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* 1984 Oregon, Salmonella
* 1991 Minnesota, Ricin toxin
* 1994 Tokyo, Sarin and biological attacks
* 1995 Indiana, bubonic plague
* 1997 Washington DC, Anthrax
* 1998 Nevada, nonlethal strain of B. anthracis
1998 Numerous Anthrax
E.g..........
BW Proliferation and the Changing World
Increasing number of countries developing BW capability at
least 5-6 countries are implicated as sponsors of international
terrorism
Regional aggressors and terrorist groups
Groups or individuals who seek revenge against the
government or society, extremist groups, religous fanaticism
State Sponsored vs. non-State Sponsored
Samples* of International Biological Weapons
Programs
Known Probable Possible
Iraq China Cuba
Russia Iran Egypt
....... North- Israel
Korea .........
Libya
Syria
Taiwan ......
* Does change every year
Bioterrorism: Potential Routes of Exposure
Aerosol
Food
Water
Medicine / devices / blood
Special Features
Potential for mass casualties
Short window for effective intervention
Use of rare or unusual organisms:
> Variola major,
> genetically manipulated organisms
> antibiotic - resistant organism
Requires different agency coordination and
integration
Availability
Ease of Production
Lethal or Incapacitating
Stability in storage
Infectivity / Toxicity
Stable / deliverable in aerosol
What Makes A Good BioWeapon Candidate ?
Cost Comparsion
Cost per square km (USA,1999)
Agents Costs ($$)
BW Agents 1
Nerve Agents 600
Nuclear Weapons 800
Conventional Weapons 2000
Highest Threat
• Dispersed in aerosol
• Highly lethal
• Production capability / knowledge
• available
• Lack of treatment or vaccine
• Communicable
• Mere threat of use creates panic
Business Continuity Plans : Goal
With so many potential crises out
there, we want our business
continuity plans to enable :
– Early incident / crisis detection
– Reduce :
• SCOPE (Umfang)
• SCALE (Mass….)
• DURATION (Dauer)
Time
Bu
sin
es
s F
low
Dis
rup
tio
ns
Incidents
Crisis
16
Preparedness and Response
• Security concerns
• Training and education
• Medical emergency response plan
• Use of chemical and biological agents
• Crowd control of mass hysteria
• Definition of responsibilities
Biological Terrorism
What´s Important to aviation ?
* Awareness of the Risk
The real threat (!)... Not just the popular threat
* Education
What we don´t know can hurt us !
* Readiness for the Unexpected
Drugs and Vaccines, Diagnostics, Planning,
Exercises
* A strong Public Health Infrastructure and Tech Base
The consequences of lack of preparedness are
unacceptable
Public Health Response to
Bioterrorism
• Detecion & surveillance
• Rapid laboratory dignosis
• Epidemiologic investigations
• Implementation of control measures
Where Are We Going ?
• Flexibility to deal with a wide range of threats
• Expand emergency public health capacities
• Increase public health infrastructure
• Multi - agency linkage
20
Conclusion:
Be aware....
Train you team....
Keep you team „safe“....
Be informed......
National/internation networking (CAPSCA e.g.)
RISK communication for your team, for public
Be aware of panic....
Vielen Dank für Ihre
Aufmerksamkeit!
Thank you for your attention