Biochemistry Notes

BiochemistryBiochemistry

Biochemistry Study of science that explores how properties of CHEMICALS make life possible

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Inorganic Compounds

Organic Compounds

Compounds that do not contain carbon

Compounds that do contain carbon

All living organisms are made of carbon

BiochemistryBiochemistryInorganic CompoundInorganic Compound

WaterMost important inorganic

compound for living organismsExcellent solventPolar compound: opposite

charges at each end of the molecule

High heat capacity: can absorb and release a lot of heat/energy before changing temperatures

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Organic CompoundsCarbon Carbon forms the

structural backbone of all organic molecules.

Can bond with 4 other atoms OR can bond with other carbons to form long chains or rings.

BiochemistryBiochemistryOrganic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Monomers

Polymer

Basic units that repeat over and over

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

Four major kinds of polymers Four major kinds of polymers (macromolecules)…(macromolecules)…

1)Carbohydrates

2)Lipids

3)Proteins

4)Nucleic acids

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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Used for

Basic Monomer

Contain C, H2, and O in the same ratio as in water

Energy source (sugars and starches)

Structural and cellular support

Monosaccharide

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MonosaccharideMonosaccharide

Simple sugars

Glucose and Fructose

Same molecular formulaC6H12O6

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DisaccharideDisaccharide

PolysaccharidePolysaccharide

Double sugar molecule

Largest carbohydrateStarch: Stored food

(glucose)Sugar: Quick energy

source

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LipidsLipids

* Basic Monomer* Basic Monomer

Fats, Oils, and Waxes

Contains C2, H2, and Insoluble in water

Storage of energyHelps make up the

cell membraneGlycerol + Fatty

Acid

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ProteinsProteins

*Basic Monomer*Basic Monomer

Basic building material of all living things

Examples: hair, nails, blood, muscle, skin

Sources: egg whites, gelatin, meat

Amino Acid

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Amino Acids (aa)Amino Acids (aa) Each has a distinctive characteristic

Same basic structure:Four groups attached to a

central carbon atomAcid Group (COO)Amino Group (NH3)

Hydrogen Atom (H+)

“R-Group” Determines the amino acid

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Amino Acids (aa)Amino Acids (aa) 20 different naturally occurring amino acids10 produced by the

human bodyHeld together by

peptide bondsPolypeptide: 3 or

more amino acids bonded together

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EnzymesEnzymes They are proteinsLike a key that fits into only

one lockThe lock is the substrateThe key is the enzyme

Active Site: Place where the enzyme and substrate bond

Catalyst: Enzymes that speeds up a reaction

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Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

*Basic Monomer*Basic Monomer

Carry instructions for cellular activity

Nucleotide

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Deoxyribonucleic AcidDeoxyribonucleic Acid DNABlueprint of

instructions that get transmitted from generation to generation

Found in the nucleus only!!!

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Ribonucleic AcidRibonucleic Acid RNATransfers and reads

the instructions then makes proteins

Found in both the nucleusnucleus and the cytoplasm

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Write a 3 sentence summary.Complete the Chemistry concept map.