biocontrol in field conifers - oregon state university
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Biocontrol in field conifers
Jana Lee
Agricultural Research Service
Horticultural Crops Research Unit
Scouting for beneficials • Some common good guys
• Laminated sheet & pocket guide
Aphid biocontrol in field conifers • Beneficials with flowers (Lee, Rosetta)
• Beneficials with MeSA (Lee)
• Others….
Predatory midges
Aphidioletes azimidyza
• Eat aphids,
mealybugs,
scales
• ID small fly
• Orange-
yellow-green
headless grub
• Commercially
available U
C I
PM
Green and brown lacewings
• Eat aphids, eggs and other soft-bodied
insects
• Available commercially to release
• Successful trials for grape leafhopper and
conifer aphids
ID to species
“C7”
7 spots
White sides on
prothorax
Convergent
lady beetle
Multicolored
Asian lady
beetle
Harmonia
Hover (syrphid) flies
• Eat
aphids
• ID bee-
like, or
grub UC
IP
M
Minute pirate (Orius) bugs
UC
IP
M
Commercially available
Deraeocoris sp. (predatory mirid)
bugguid
e.n
et
• Eat snails/slugs, weed seeds, insects at all
stages, and aphids that fall and each other
• Common, sensitive to soil-insecticides but
nearby refuge vegetation can help
D K
avan
au
gh
Carabid (ground) beetles
Mic
hig
an
Sta
te U
.
Rove beetles
• Eat insect eggs and
larvae, mites, snails
• ID usually < ¾ inch
• Slender black, brown,
orange
• Run fast, arch back
Ed
uw
eb
s.o
rg
MS
U
syn
ge
nta
-bio
line
.co
.uk
Ants • Eat insects from an area, Trouble for my
aphid colonies
• Ant nests placed in citrus orchards in
China
C. C
hie
n
• ID
• Problematic
for biological
control?
Scouting for beneficials • Some common good guys
• Laminated sheet & pocket guide
Aphid biocontrol in field conifers • Providing beneficials with their needs
• Attracting beneficials with odors
• Others….
Farmscaping
What needs do natural enemies have?
Design habitat so as to provide for the
needs of natural enemies
• Overwintering sites
• Supplemental foods – pollen,
nectar
• Shelter
Approaches
• Perennial refugia
• Artificial- sprays
• Annual vegetation - cover cropping,
floral strips, potted flowers?
www.practicalwinery.com
Insectary Plants in Spruce
Pollen and nectar attract and enhance longevity of
natural enemies
Potential pitfalls? …same for pest insects, weedy
Can it work ? (2006-Rosetta)
• Weekly samples Mar - Dec
• Visually inspect 10 or 5 spruce trees per plot
• # of hover fly larvae & eggs higher in plots with coriander
• +/- aphids similar
Spruce with
Coriander
Spruce with
Alyssum
Spruce only
Control Coriander
Coriander Coriander
Coriander
Alyssum Alyssum Alyssum
Alyssum
Control Control Control
Control
Block I (not drawn to scale)
~15 m
~15 m
~112 m
~5 m
More exploration in 2008
• Flower pots interspersed in a line b/n spruce
• Alyssum + coriander plot vs. control, 5 reps
• Visual count of aphids, vacuum flowers, sticky traps
• 680 ft separation between plots w/in block
c
c
control
c
f
flower
f c
f
f
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2-Apr 22-Apr 12-May 1-Jun 21-Jun 11-Jul 31-Jul 20-Aug 9-Sep 29-Sep
Mean
mu
mm
y p
er
pla
nt +
SE control
flower
Treatment P = 0.92,
week P < 0.0001,
Treatment*week P =
0.9, block P < 0.0001
Mummified aphids
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
2-Apr 22-Apr 12-May 1-Jun 21-Jun 11-Jul 31-Jul 20-Aug 9-Sep 29-Sep
Mean
pre
dato
rs p
er
pla
nt
+ S
E
control
flower
Treatment P = 0.32, week P
< 0.0001, Treatment*week P
= 0.39, block P = 0.17
Predators
Scouting for beneficials • Some common good guys
• Laminated sheet & pocket guide
Aphid biocontrol in field conifers • Providing beneficials with their needs
• Attracting beneficials with odors
• Others….
Odors attracting natural enemies
Herbivore-induced volatiles
methyl salicylate (MeSA)
MeSA
Questions
MeSA
? ?
MeSA
No food
• Flowers or artificial food to keep natural enemies satisfied ?
• Good for point of release ?
In spruce • MeSA impact natural enemies & pests?
• Yellow pan traps
• Shoot tip samples
• Clear sticky cards
• Pest damage?
• Spatial pattern?
• < 1 m
• ~4-7 m away
2009 n = 4
2010 n = 5
3 lures in 1800ft2
Dosage = 73 lures/acre
or 180 lures/ha
MeSA increase beneficials?
Repeated measures ANOVA: Mummies 2009: treatment P = 0.082, distance P = 0.18, time P < 0.001, treatment*time P = 0.063; Pseudopraon 2010: treatment P = 0.081, distance P = 0.074, time P < 0.001, treatment*time P < 0.001
Scouting for beneficials • Some common good guys
• Laminated sheet & pocket guide
Aphid biocontrol in field conifers • Providing beneficials with their needs
• Attracting beneficials with odors
• Others….