biodiesel blends
DESCRIPTION
BIODIESEL BLENDS. For GHG Stakeholders December 9, 2004. Soy beans are refined to separate the glycerin from the methyl esters -- both useful products. The latter (“biodiesel”) is biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur. WHAT IS IT?. 1. USES in TRANSPORTATION. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
BIODIESEL BLENDSBIODIESEL BLENDSBIODIESEL BLENDSBIODIESEL BLENDS
For GHG StakeholdersFor GHG Stakeholders
December 9, 2004December 9, 2004
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WHAT IS IT?
• Soy beans are refined to separate the glycerin from the methyl esters -- both useful products.
• The latter (“biodiesel”) is biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur.
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1. USES in TRANSPORTATION
• Add to petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend
• Blends known by % biodiesel -- eg B-5, B-10, B-20
• Can be used in compression-ignition (diesel) engines with little or no modifications
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BIODIESEL AND GLOBAL WARMING
• 1998 biodiesel lifecycle study by US DOE and USDA concluded that biodiesel reduces net CO2 emissions by 78% compared to petroleum diesel due to biodiesel’s closed carbon cycle.
• CO2 released into atmosphere when biodiesel is burned is recycled by growing plants, which are later processed into fuel.
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BIODIESEL EMISSIONS• Using biodiesel in a diesel engine reduces
unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter compared to emissions from diesel fuel
• Also, exhaust emissions of sulfur oxides and sulfates (major components of acid rain) from biodiesel are essentially eliminated compared to diesel
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BIODIESEL EMISSIONSAVERAGE BIODIESEL EMISSIONS COMPARED TO
CONVENTIONAL DIESEL, ACCORDING TO EPA
Emission Type B100 B20
Regulated
Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20%
Carbon Monoxide -48% -12%
Particulate Matter -47% -12%
Nox +10% +2%
Non-Regulated
Sulfates -100% -20%*
PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)** -80% -13%
nPAH (nitrated PAH’s)** -90% -50%***
Ozone potential of speciated HC -50% -10%
* Estimated from B100 result
** Average reduction across all compounds measured
*** 2-nitroflourine results were within test method variability
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ENCOURAGING BIODIESEL
• Using biodiesel for vehicle fleets• US EPA grant to 5 school districts to
install pollution controls and use biodiesel
• Warwick will retrofit 40+ busses w. pollution control; and use biodiesel for all 72 busses
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2. USES in SPACE HEATING
• Add to petroleum diesel to create a biofuel blend (“bioheat”)
• Blends known by % biodiesel -- eg B-5, B-10, B-20
• Can be used in furnaces and boilers with little or no modifications, provided the % is not too high (at high BB%s, bioheat’s solvent effect can cause problems)
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Warwick Public School Department
Bio-Fuel/Heating Oil Blending Project
• One Year Project, 03/01 to 02/02.
• Medium to Large Boilers.
• Three Blends –B-10%, B-15% & B-20%
• Monthly Testing Of Boiler Efficiency &
Fuel Characteristics.
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Burner Efficiency & Emissions
Average Test Results of Four (4) Test EventsTest %Efficiency % O2 ppm CO % CO2 ppm NOX Smoke
Control 79.4 8.6 0 9 83 T
20% Blend 78.6 8.6 0 9 67 0+
Thanks for Warwick slides toThanks for Warwick slides toRobert S. CerioRobert S. Cerio
Energy Educator/ManagerEnergy Educator/Manager2401 West Shore Road2401 West Shore RoadWarwick, R.I. 02889Warwick, R.I. 02889
401-734-3219 x 320 – 401-734-3214 fax401-734-3219 x 320 – 401-734-3214 fax
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BIOHEAT FOR HOMES
• Tested in boilers and furnaces at BNL in 2001, NEFI in 2003
• Available in RI through People’s Power & Light program (US DOE grant through RISEO)
• Available on conventional commercial basis from some MA oilheat dealers
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ENCOURAGING BIOHEAT
• Retail price premium of B10 over #2 distillate is currently almost $0.20/gallon
• 2-year federal tax incentive 2005/6 equates to $0.01 per percent of fuel from biodiesel ($0.005 if recycled)