Howard Haines YTCEC

Alternate Fuel Vehicle Workshop Bozeman, MT April 15, 2015

BIODIESEL IN MONTANA

Earl Fisher Biofuels LLP

Topics for Today: •  Introduction to Biodiesel (What it is, and is not) •  ASTM Specifications, warranty & Biodiesel Fuel Quality •  Diesel Fuel & Biodiesel Use •  General switchover items & maintenance •  Fleet examples: YNP history and

Montana Department of Transportation •  Biodiesel Resources •  Q & A

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Questions for you: •  What is the most often reported problem

when starting the use of biodiesel? •  How does one prevent this? •  What does one do in cold climate operation if

one suspects biodiesel is clogging a filter?

What is Biodiesel?

100 Lbs. Vegetable Oil

or Animal Fat

+

10 Lbs. Alcohol

100 Lbs. Biodiesel

+

10 Lbs. Glycerin

In the presence of a catalyst

Reacting: Yields:

Produces mono-alkyl esters – chemically similar to diesel fuel

Definitions •  Biodiesel, n. -- a fuel comprised of mono-

alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, meeting ASTM D 6751, designated B100 blend stock.

•  Biodiesel Blend, n. -- a blend of biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based diesel fuel designated BXX, where XX is the volume percent of biodiesel.

•  Diesel (ASTM D 975) now includes

blends up to B5

ASTM D6751 is the approved standard for B100 for blending up to B20, in effect since 2001 –  Performance-based standard: Feedstock and Process

Neutral D975 – Covers petro-diesel and blends up to 5% biodiesel

maximum for on/off road engines; B5 is now fungible with diesel fuel

D396 – Covers heating oil and blends up to 5% biodiesel; B5 is now fungible with petro-based heating oil

D7467 – Covers blends containing 6% to 20% biodiesel for on/off road engines –  Designed so that if B100 meets D6751 and petro diesel

meets D975, then B6 to B20 blends will meet their specifications

–  Important quality control is at B100 level

BIODIESEL IN MONTANA

•  PASSED EPA Tier I & Tier II Health & Safety requirements of Clean Air Act •  Has a certificate of conformity from EPA showing it does not impact OEM equipment •  Only alternate fuel with its own Quality Assurance Program BQ-9000

Tier I & II Health & Safety Data

Quality Assurance

WHY BIODIESEL FUELS • NATIONAL SECURITY

• LESS MAINTENANCE

• BLIND TO THE USER

• FEWER EMISSIONS

Biodiesel Plants (Mont) EPA MGY Feedstock Certified 1 0.1-0.275 Canola, safflower, camelina Operating 4 0.015 Self use, used fry oil 1 0.100 Canola, camelina, other CY gallons of B100 produced in Montana 2009  27,084 2010  20,862 2011  17,973 2012  6,648 (no blender incentive, camelina not EPA certified) 2013  6,728 2014  4,283

*Biodiesel as B5 is not tallied

d= dyed diesel

Biodiesel Use (variable, depends on cost) State FY Blend-MGY B-100 gallons 2004 0.345 70,000 2005 0.347 71,000 2006 0.348 71,149 2007 336,180** 2008 946,328 (in-state prod) Total Diesel, mgy 2009 802,759 (27,084) 245.243 2010 758,560 (20,862) 207.931 2011 784,598 (17,973) 273.570/ 958.646 d 2012 0.009516 B50 1,001,303 ( 6,648) 291.270/ 182.452 d 2013   0.027907 B75 702,205 (4,170/cy 6728) 299.606, 179.715 d 2014   0.029661 for on-road 977,479 (4,283) 285.0189, 195,049 d

No Blend Wall in Montana (or PNW) SFY E10 amount 2012 49.32% 2013 52.69% 2014 69.585% (356,463,639/512,270,382)

Proposed Ethanol Plants (Mont) Proposed Permitted MGY Feedstocks 0 0 Planned cellulosic fuel plants 0

Using Biodiesel:

•  Biodiesel and biodiesel blends have excellent cleaning properties. Fuel filters on the vehicles and in the delivery system may need to be changed more frequently upon initial B20 use; after that, system runs cleaner with no issues.

•  Be aware of the biodiesel blend’s cold weather properties and

take appropriate precautions. When operating in winter climates, use winter blended diesel fuel. Make sure the biodiesel blend cloud point is adequate for the geographical region and time of year the fuel will be used. –  Since 2012, biodiesel grade #1-B ASTM specifications are available for

winter-blend biodiesel fuel •  Perform regularly scheduled maintenance as dictated by the

engine operation and maintenance manual.

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Biodiesel Use Recommended Guidelines • Already Blended • Quality Dealer • Diesel fuel management program o  Fuel rotated at least every 6-months o  Filter, Filter, Filter (possible fuel filter plugging

when higher blends are first used) o  Clean tanks “periodically”

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Using Biodiesel:

B20 vs. Diesel: In the shop

•  With in-spec B20 and lower, the issues you can expect to see in your shop are the same as you will see with petrodiesel

•  Except: –  Expect to see fewer lubricity related issues –  Expect to see fewer problems with after-

treatment (emissions equipment) –  Filter related issues may be related to cleaning

effect upon first use, or are likely normal diesel issues or out of spec or imposter biodiesel

–  Less black smoke from exhaust!

•  Biodiesel’s (soy diesel) freeze point may be 20 to 30°F higher than that of petroleum diesel.

•  In July 2012 B100 received its own winter grade specification (6751)

•  B100 should be stored at 5° to 10° higher than the cloud point.

•  NREL and the National Biodiesel Board have a winter use handling guide.

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Biodiesel: Cold Weather

•  As the paraffinic components of fuel cool they form crystal (wax). •  Diesel anti-gels additives reduce the size of the crystals, but they

are not as effective on biodiesel as on petro diesel. Most diesel cold flow improvers are added at the refinery; biodiesel at the distributor level, if needed.

Biodiesel: Cold Weather

BIODIESEL IN YELLOWSTONE

Partnership spearheaded by Montana DEQ

Truck arrived February 7, 1995

Used B100 rapeseed ethyl ester, no additives

BIODIESEL IN YNP RIDESHARE

EXPANSION OF BIODIESEL PROGRAM

500 gal B100 1000 gal B-20

15,000 gal B100

MDT Demonstration: December 26, 2004-June 30

2005 •  Havre & Lolo Hot Springs •  B20 in 3 of 6 trucks (each location) •  Findings-no fuel related issues •  Biodiesel does not fix ring problems •  Conclusions: Use is not a problem Price and availability are a challenge

Biodiesel: Cold Weather

Where to Get Help: www.biodiesel.org

www.deq.mt.gov www.biodieseleducation.org

Howard Haines 406 444-6478, hhaines@mt.gov

B20 vs. Diesel: On the road

Remember these? •  What is the most often reported problem

when starting the use of biodiesel? •  How does one prevent this? •  What does one do in cold climate operation if

one suspects biodiesel is clogging a filter?

•  What is the most often reported problem when starting the use of biodiesel?

•  Response: Fuel Filter Clogging •  How does one prevent this? •  Response: Have a spare filter at the start,

clean tanks, and Filter, Filter, Filter •  What does one do in cold climate

operation if one suspects biodiesel is clogging a filter?

•  Response: Add winter diesel

THE END

*Ethanol is being used for octane boost (not E10)

Ethanol Use (all retail is E-10 blend) State FY MGY blend MGY ethanol 2004 17 2.4 2005 30 3.1 2006 30 3.0 2007 12.6 3.1 gas total 2008 40.669 4.067 491.90 2009 170.679084 17.067 315.175 2010 174.592936 17.459 311.197 2011 206.571 E10 + 0.632197 =21.3 496.324

Blend unblended, on-road, mgy 2012   246.578655 253.41211 2013   284.025548 225.01592 2014   356.463639 155.806691