Biodiversity in Biodiversity in the Ecosystemthe Ecosystem

Presented by:Presented by:Arnel O. RiveraArnel O. Rivera

LPU - CaviteLPU - Cavite

Review:Review:

Ecological NicheEcological Niche refers to the set refers to the set of conditions in the environment in which of conditions in the environment in which a species is able to survive and maintain a species is able to survive and maintain stable population sizes. stable population sizes.

Ecological Niche is divided into two: Ecological Niche is divided into two: fundamental (environmental)fundamental (environmental) and and realized (environmental and ecological).realized (environmental and ecological).

Functional traitsFunctional traits refers to certain refers to certain characteristics of species which enables characteristics of species which enables them to survive. them to survive.

Review:Review:

HabitatHabitat refers to the environment refers to the environment over which a species is known to over which a species is known to occur and the type of community occur and the type of community that is formed as a result.that is formed as a result.

PopulationPopulation refers to individuals of refers to individuals of the same species that live, interact the same species that live, interact and migrate through the same niche and migrate through the same niche and habitat. and habitat.

Food ChainsFood Chains

One of the main features of the One of the main features of the ecosystem is biodiversity. Members ecosystem is biodiversity. Members are usually classified into:are usually classified into: ProducersProducers – those who can synthesize the – those who can synthesize the

organic materials they need from organic materials they need from inorganic materials in the environment.inorganic materials in the environment.

ConsumersConsumers – those that are unable to – those that are unable to manufacture their own food directly and manufacture their own food directly and depend upon producers to meet their depend upon producers to meet their needs.needs. HerbivoresHerbivores CarnivoresCarnivores OmnivoresOmnivores

Food ChainsFood Chains Abstract Abstract

representation representation of feeding of feeding relationships relationships within a within a community.community.

The sequence in The sequence in which energy which energy and nutrients and nutrients are transferred. are transferred.

Red Arrows = Energy!

FOOD WEB

EquilibriumEquilibrium

Cyclical changes in populations can Cyclical changes in populations can sometimes result in large fluctuations sometimes result in large fluctuations in the number of a species, but in the number of a species, but because of the interdependence of all because of the interdependence of all the components, any changes in one the components, any changes in one part of its nature will result in a part of its nature will result in a reaction in other parts of the reaction in other parts of the community. These reactions work to community. These reactions work to restore the restore the equilibriumequilibrium or or balance of balance of naturenature..

Ecological SuccessionEcological Succession

The overall change or disruption in The overall change or disruption in the system’s balance is altered the system’s balance is altered irreversibly and the result is the irreversibly and the result is the replacement of one type of replacement of one type of ecosystem to another.ecosystem to another.

Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity

Refers to the maximum number of Refers to the maximum number of organisms that can be supported by a organisms that can be supported by a particular environment.particular environment.

If the carrying capacity of an ecosystem If the carrying capacity of an ecosystem is exceeded by overpopulation, there is exceeded by overpopulation, there will be insufficient resources and one or will be insufficient resources and one or more species will decline until an more species will decline until an equilibrium (balance of nature) is equilibrium (balance of nature) is restored. restored.

Gala hypothesisGala hypothesis

The concept that the Earth as a single The concept that the Earth as a single organism.organism.

Formulated by James Lovelock, a Formulated by James Lovelock, a British scientist working for NASA.British scientist working for NASA.

Named after the Greek goddess of the Named after the Greek goddess of the earth.earth.

The planet is a self-regulating system The planet is a self-regulating system in which all the individual elements in which all the individual elements coexist in a symbiotic relationship.coexist in a symbiotic relationship.

Human ThreatHuman Threat

Human interference in the Earth’s Human interference in the Earth’s natural systems has become a major natural systems has become a major threat damaging the planet’s ecosystem.threat damaging the planet’s ecosystem.

The damage affected by humans was The damage affected by humans was posing a threat to the viability of the posing a threat to the viability of the planet itself.planet itself.

The effects of this disruption are now The effects of this disruption are now becoming apparent in the changing becoming apparent in the changing climates and landscapes of almost every climates and landscapes of almost every region of the planet.region of the planet.

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