BIODYNAMIC PRODUCTION OF BIODYNAMIC PRODUCTION OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES AT CISH, FRUIT AND VEGETABLES AT CISH,

LUCKNOW, INDIALUCKNOW, INDIA

R. K. PATHAK & R. A. RAM E-mail- director_cish@yahoo.co.in

Central Institute for Subtropical HorticultureRehmankhera, Lucknow- 227 107, India

IMPACT OF CHEMICAL BASED IMPACT OF CHEMICAL BASED PRACTICESPRACTICES

Compaction of soil structureLow organic matter contentPoor water holding capacityIncrease in salinity, sodicity and land submergenceAdverse effect on flora and fauna of soilDeterioration in factor productivityProblem associated with residual toxicity

BENEFITSBENEFITSYield potentials are equal or better than those harvested after application of recommended doses of agro-chemicals.Continuous improvement in physical, chemical and biological properties of soil.Produce quality with respect to nutrition, appearance and shelf life is better.Eco friendly.

Biodynamic AgricultureBiodynamic Agriculture

“It involves certain principles and practices for healthy soil, plant and food for human beings and feed for animals. In this system, energies from cosmos, mother earth, cow and plants are systematically and synergistically harnessed.”

Planting CalendarPlanting Calendar

Apogee Perigee

Ascending Descending Period Period

Poornima (Full Moon)

0.40 lac Km

Earth

4 lacs Km

Amavsya(New Moon)

THE FOUR ELEMENTSTHE FOUR ELEMENTS

Aries, Leo, SagittariusFruit/seedFire Cancer, Scorpio, PiscesLeafWater

Gemini, Libra, AquariusFlowerAir/LightTaurus, Virgo, CapricornRoot Earth

ConstellationPlant partsElements

Biodynamic PreparationsBiodynamic Preparations

Basic Biodynamic Preparations

1. Biodynamic Compost Preparations (BD- 502-507)2. Biodynamic Field Sprays (BD- 500-501) & Liquid

Manures

Biodynamic preparationsBiodynamic preparationsBasic & Field spraysBasic & Field sprays

BD 500BD 501BD CompostBD Liquid manures & pesticidesVermicompostVermiwashNadep compost

Biodynamic Liquid ManuresBiodynamic Liquid Manures

Turmeric sown after BDTurmeric sown after BD--500 spray500 sprayTurmeric sown without BDTurmeric sown without BD--500 spray500 spray

Biodynamic Tree PasteBiodynamic Tree Paste

In biodynamic process for the management of orchards and gardens."Biodynamic Tree Paste" is prepared by

mixing of cow dung, farm soil (clay) and sand in the ratio of 1:1:1 and adding BD-500. The tree paste is polished on the tree trunks and cut surfaces.

It nourishes, strengthens and protects the bark and cambium of tree to make it healthy.Seals and heals wounds.Prevention and control of diseases.On application after pruning stimulates tree growth.

Cow Dung PasteCow Dung Paste

Rich in ActinomycetesEffective in control of gummosisEffective in control of die backEffective in control of anthracnoseEffective in control of stem borer

Cow dung replaces Copper Cow dung replaces Copper fungicides in Rejuvenation of old fungicides in Rejuvenation of old

mango orchardsmango orchards

BioBio--agent isolated from BD Liquid agent isolated from BD Liquid manure controls bacterial canker manure controls bacterial canker

in mangoin mango

Control of anthracnose in mango Control of anthracnose in mango by actinomycetes isolated from by actinomycetes isolated from

cow dungcow dung

Control of anthracnose in guava Control of anthracnose in guava by actinomycetes isolated from by actinomycetes isolated from

cow dungcow dung

MULCHING AND FRUITINGMULCHING AND FRUITING

Variation in fruit quality of Variation in fruit quality of aonlaaonlaConventional Conventional vs vs BiodynamicBiodynamic

418.362.219.4055Krishna443.772.0712.4038BSR-1

1.881.942.142.402.21

AcidityAcidity(%)(%)

8.07.609.209.307.40

TSS TSS (%)(%)

438.7740Chakayia306.1245N.A.-7408.1645N.A. 10455.0410Forest aonla377.5435Conventional

Ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid (mg/100g fruit)(mg/100g fruit)

Av. Weight Av. Weight of fruit (g)of fruit (g)

VarietyVariety

Pest ManagementPest Management

CulturalVarietalMechanicalBiological

Biodynamic Way of Pest Biodynamic Way of Pest ManagementManagement

Cow horn silica controls fungal attackBiodynamic neem based liquid pesticides control soft pests (Aphids, Jassids, Flies etc.)Nettle spray controls hard insects.

Nettle SprayNettle Spray

250g of neetle leaf powder soaked in 4-5 litres of water for 24hrs.Filter the extract and mix in 20 litres of cow urine.Dilute to 200liters in water.Spray on foliage to control hard pests e.g. mango hoppers, mealy bug etc.

IMPROVEMENT IN SOIL IMPROVEMENT IN SOIL PROPERTIESPROPERTIES

After two years

After one year

Initial

8x1064.8x1063.7x106Bacteria

8.5x1045.8x1041.3x 104Yeast and mould

202.50142.50140.00K (ppm)

22.668.668.66P (ppm)

1.0030.800.535Organic carbon (%)

Biodynamic/Organic production of Biodynamic/Organic production of cauliflower at CISH, cauliflower at CISH, LucknowLucknow, ,

IndiaIndia

Production(t/ha)

Treatments

42.58Biodynamic practices

23.00Control

Intercropping

Biodynamic Production of Cabbage

Biodynamic Production of Biodynamic Production of CabbageCabbage

22.83Organic

56.16Biodynamic practices

Production (t/ha)

Treatments

Biodynamic Production of PeaBiodynamic Production of Pea(Intercropping)(Intercropping)

25-30Conventional(Sole)

7.50Only FYM

10.49Biodynamic(Intercropping)

Production(q/ha)

Treatments

Biodynamic Production of Biodynamic Production of MustardMustard

25-30Conventional(Sole)

3.68Only FYM

4.90Biodynamic(Intercropping)

Production(q/ha)

Treatments

Biodynamic Production of Biodynamic Production of Indian GooseberryIndian Gooseberry

22.29Control

46.61Biodynamic practicesProduction (kg/tree)Treatments

Biodynamic production of Biodynamic production of mangomango

50.00Conventional70.00Biodynamic practices

Av. Production (Kg/tree)Treatment

Package of practice for organic Package of practice for organic /biodynamic production for fruits crops/biodynamic production for fruits crops

Nutrient Management:Application of organic manures (10-20kg/tree) through NADEP, Vermi, Biodynamic Compost (BD) or Microbe Mediated Compost (MM compost) in descending moon period.Growing of legumes for green manuring or as inter/cover crops as per requirement as per moon constellation.Mulching after application of 100g CPP, spray of cow horn manure (BD 500) and release of earthworms in presence of proper moisture as per calendar.Need based foliar spraying of biodynamic liquid manures/vermi wash/cow pat pit (CPP) in ascending moon phase.

Pest ManagementPest ManagementSpraying of Biodynamic pesticides prepared from cow urine, neem, karanj (Pongamia glabra), Caliotropis, castor, Thevtia nerrifolia, Vitex spp. Leaves.Nettle leaves extract sprays to control hard pests.

Disease Management:Two sprays of Cow Horn silica (BD-501) at flowering and fruit development stage.Biodynamic tree paste/cow dung paste for the control of gummosis and dieback.Spraying of horsetail (Equisetum arvensis)/casuarina leaves extract for the control of fungal diseases in ascending moon period.

Package of practices for organic /biodynamic Package of practices for organic /biodynamic production for vegetablesproduction for vegetables

Nutrient ManagementGreen manuring with sunhemp/sesbania.Soil preparation and application of (5-10 tonnes) organic manures through NADEP, Vermi, Biodynamic Compost (BD) or Microbe Mediated Compost (MM compost) in descending moon period.Spraying of cow horn manure before sowing/transplanting during descending period of moon.Sowing in ascending moon period (48 hours before the full moon) and on exact constellation based on the part of the crop is to be harvested.

Transplanting of seedlings during descending moon period and on exact constellation based on the part of the crop is to be harvested.Soaking of seeds/seedlings in cow pat pit solution (1: 7 ratio stirred for 30 minutes) prior to sowing.Two sprays of biodynamic liquid manure prepared from Cow dung, Cow urine, leguminous leaves orVermi-wash for the better growth and fruiting.Intercultural operation/peppering/mulching for weed management and root development in soil.Harvesting and storage as per constellation.

Pest Management:Spraying of biodynamic liquid pesticides prepared from cow urine, neem, karanj (Pongamia glabra), Caliotropis, dhatura, castor, Thevtia nerrifolia, Vitex spp. leaves.Spraying of nettle leaves extract to control pests.

Disease ManagementDisease Management

Two sprays of Cow Horn silica (BD-501) at two leaf stage and fruit development stage.Need base spraying horsetail (Equisetum arvensis)/casuarina extract for control of fungal diseases.Spraying of fresh cowdung/biodynamic liquid manures prepared from cow urine, neem and karanj (Pongamia glabra) for the control of bacterial diseases.Spraying of BD neem base liquid pesticides for the control of mango bacterial disease.Cow dung pasting to control Lasiodiplodia theobromaein mango.

Steps indicated for Promotion of Steps indicated for Promotion of Biodynamic ProductionBiodynamic Production

BD 500, BD 501, Cow Pat Pit (CPP), BD/Vermin/NADEP/Microbe Mediated Compost are prepared at the Institute for use and training.Large number trainings are provided to end-users.Appropriate literatures have been developed.National symposium on Organic farming in Horticulture for sustainable Production was organized.Technical know how and inputs are made available for organic cultivation in north eastern states of India.Two Bio villages are being developed from financial support of National Horticulture Board.

Impact of the work done on Impact of the work done on Biodynamic farmingBiodynamic farming

Biodynamic production of vegetables has emerged on one of the major events in UP Diversified Agricultural Support Project (World Bank aided programme).With project support farmers have come forward and till date they have established 21,524 NADEP, 8694 Vermiand 24103 Cow Pat Pit.Looking the efforts of DASP Self Help Groups and farmers interest it appears that technology is spreading fast.Tree/cow dung paste has almost replaced the spray of copper oxychloride for the control of die back in mango rejuvenation of old mango orchards.

Schematic Presentation of Organic Schematic Presentation of Organic FarmingFarming

Nadep compostVermi-compostBD-compostMM compost(10-12.5 t/ha)

CPP (1.5-2kg/ha) BD-500(62.50g/ha)

BD-501(2.5g/ha) at

2-4 leaf stageand fruit set

Field preparation as per constellation

MulchingGreen manuring

IntercropsCover crops

Bumper quality production

Organic Farming

Spraying of BD-

Liquid manures and pesticides (need based)

Farm activities as per calendar

Strategies for organic ProductionStrategies for organic Production

Various aspect of green food production particularly for horticultural commodities needs to be standardized.Promotion of establishment of demonstration for preparation of Biodynamic Compost, Cow Horn manure (BD-500), horn silica (BD-501), Cow Pat Pit (CPP), liquid manures and liquid biodynamic pesticides.Promotion for field demonstrations for biodynamic preparations.Organizing intensive training to farmers, NGO representative, entrepreneurs, and extension personnel of DOH for biodynamic preparations and their applications.

Scientific explanation for responses of the above materials with reference to soil physical and microbiological properties and their impact.Helping State Agriculture Universities (SAUs) to initiate few courses on Organic/ ‘Biodynamic Agriculture'.Facilitation for certification for green food production.Establish national standards for covering marketing of certain agricultural products as Green produced products.Assure consumers that there meet a consistent standard.Market promotion for `Green Food and their processed products.