Bioethics Warm-upBioethics Warm-up

• The ship is sinking and the seas are rough. The one lifeboat holds six people. The people who do not board the boat will die. • Woman who thinks she is six weeks pregnant

• Lifeguard • Two young adults who recently married • Senior citizen who has fifteen grandchildren • Elementary school teacher • Thirteen year old twins • Veteran nurse • Captain of the ship

Pillow AngelPillow Angel

• Read the article “Pillow Angel” and write 1 paragraph with your reaction to the article. (What do you think about what Ashley’s parents decided to do? What would you do?)

Group AnnotationGroup Annotation

• Each group assigned a paragraph.

• Read the paragraph before and after and annotate.

• Look for evidence.

Warm up:Warm up: 9/169/16Should doctors perform Should doctors perform

non-life saving surgery on non-life saving surgery on people who can’t give people who can’t give

their permission for the their permission for the surgery?surgery?

Group AnnotationGroup Annotation

• Each group assigned a paragraph.

• Read the paragraph before and after and annotate.

• Look for evidence.• Take 5 minutes to compare your annotated

paragraph with your partner.• Be prepared to present.

Socratic SeminarSocratic Seminar

• Everyone starts with a C. – If you positively contribute to the discussion

you go up a letter grade.– If you negatively contribute to the discussion

you go down a letter grade.– If you choose not to say anything you need to

take notes on the discussion and write a 3/4 page reflection about what was discussed.

Socratic Seminar RulesSocratic Seminar Rules

• Refer to the text when needed during the discussion

• It’s OK to pass when you are asked to contribute.

• Do not stay confused…ask for clarification.• Stick to the point under discussion.• Speak up so that all can hear you.• Discuss ideas rather than each others opinions.

Should doctors perform Should doctors perform non-life saving surgery on non-life saving surgery on

people who can’t give people who can’t give their permission for the their permission for the

surgery?surgery?

Warm up 9/18Warm up 9/18

• A society should not be judged by its wealth… It should be judged by how it treats its weakest members, the sick, the poor, the handicapped, and the imprisoned.

• Write your initial impression to the quote. This should go on Thursday’s warm-up spot.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7RTykOCcuI

Angelic ReflectionAngelic Reflection

• What things were said during the class period that changed your understanding of this issue, changed your mind or raised a point you had not considered?

Have a Nice WeekendHave a Nice Weekend

Warm upWarm up 9/219/21

• What is an ethical dilemma you or someone you know has recently had.

• Or

• Friday’s activity. You had a hard time explaining why you made the choice to kill 5 people. Why do you think it was hard to explain

What is an Ethical Question?What is an Ethical Question?

An Ethical Question:• Begins with “should”• Involves consideration of conflicting moral

choices.• Arise because our behavior is capable of

influencing the welfare of others.• Generated when the values of a person or

group conflict with each other

• Stakeholder or “entity” – Can be a person, a group, a country, a religious group, a corporation. ANY GROUP involved.

Values – Morals - EthicsValues – Morals - Ethics

Values signify what is important and worthwhile. They serve as the basis for moral codes and ethical reflection.

One expression of values might be that ‘Life is sacred.’

Morals are codes of conduct controlling behavior. They are an expression of values reflected in actions and practices.

“One should not kill” provides a guideline for action based upon values.

Ethics provide a systematic, rational way to work through dilemmas and to determine the best course of action in the face of conflicting choices.

“If killing is wrong, can one justify the death penalty or kill in self-defense?”

Science vs. EthicsScience vs. Ethics1) In your lab notebook draw a line and write “Purely

Subjective – all opinions” and “Purely Objective – all facts” at either ends.

2) Locate the point where they believe Science falls on the line and draw it in.

3) Locate the point where Ethics falls on the line and draw it in.

4) Draw the point where different sciences fall: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Social Sciences (Psychology). Ask them to mark where Math falls.

5) Draw the point Personal Preferences fall (ex: favorite ice cream flavors)

Science vs. EthicsScience vs. Ethics

4) Draw the point where different sciences fall: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Social Sciences (Psychology). Ask them to mark where Math falls.

5) Draw the point Personal Preferences fall (ex: favorite ice cream flavors)

Sociologists study ethics.Sociologists study ethics.

Ethical Concepts and Ethical Concepts and ApproachesApproaches

RulesAn action is right if it follows certain fundamental moral

rules (such as “don’t treat people as a means to an end”)

VirtuesAn action is right if it conforms to a model set of attributes

that is inherent in a particular community.

Outcomes / ConsequencesAn action is right if good consequences outweigh bad

consequences.

Ethical PrinciplesEthical Principles

Respect for persons: Acknowledge a person’s right to make choices, to hold views, and to take actions based on personal values and beliefs.

Justice: Treat others fairly, distribute benefits / burdens fairly.

Beneficence (Do good): Provide benefits to persons and contribute to their welfare.

Nonmaleficence (do no harm): Obligation not to inflict harm intentionally.

Some ethicists also add..

Care: Maintain healthy, caring relationships between individuals and within a community.

Making Ethical DecisionsMaking Ethical Decisions

With a partner you will evaluate a few ethical questions.

For each of the following cases:• Write down the ethical question.• Write down what your decision on the ethical

question would be• Write down a few sentences justifying your

decision & explaining what ethical principles you gave priority.

Ethical Question:

Decision:

Justification & Ethical Principles

Ethical DecisionsEthical Decisions

• Should parents secretly search the rooms of their children to see if they’re using drugs?

• Should parents treat siblings differently?• Should you lie to your friends parents about

his/her whereabouts if they ask you to?• You haven’t done your homework and your

friend offers you hers to copy from.

Applying Ethical PrinciplesApplying Ethical Principles

When making an ethical decision each principle will be…•Given priority (this means it is the most important principle in your decision)•Violated (this means you don’t follow this principle so that you can give priority to a different principle)•Does not apply (this means the principle does not play an important role in your decision)

Writing you justificationWriting you justification

When writing the justification for your decision in the EDMF

•Discuss how every ethical principle relates to you decision•Use the language “given priority”, “violated”, “does not apply” to explain how you used the ethical principles.

Ethical question Warm upEthical question Warm up

• Write one ethical question that you or your friends encounter similar to the ones you discussed yesterday. (Remember, an ethical question begins with “Should”)

The Heinz DilemmaThe Heinz Dilemma

Mr. Heinz is ordinarily a law-abiding man. One day, his wife becomes gravely ill. Heinz takes her to the doctor, who prescribes a medication for her. She does quite well on this medication and begins to recover. However, Heinz has no insurance and runs out of money quickly paying for this expensive medication. After a few months, he can no longer purchase the medication and his wife begins to take a turn for the worse. One day, he is in the pharmacy and notices that no one is behind the counter. The medication is in plain view. Should he steal the medication to help his sick wife?

Ethical Warm upEthical Warm up

• Robin hood steals from the rich to give to the poor. Robin hood would say that he is acting ethically. Explain what ethical principles he is giving priority and which ones he is violating.

Ethics Warm upEthics Warm up

• A doctor attending to the care of a young woman recovering from breast cancer discovers the cancer has spread to her lymph nodes and appears terminal. There is a new treatment that has a very slight chance of helping and is very painful and expensive. The doctor decides to tell the young woman about this treatment along with other options to let her make the final decision.

• Explain what ethical principle the doctor is giving priority.

John Q ethical frameworksJohn Q ethical frameworks

• For each of the following ethical questions complete an ethical decision making framework to document the issues with each question, your decision and justification using ethical principles.

John Q ethical frameworksJohn Q ethical frameworks

• Should the hospital administrator lie to John’s wife (and therefore to John through her) and say Michael is on the list when in fact he is not in an effort to get John to release the hostages and end the situation?

John Q ethical frameworksJohn Q ethical frameworks

• Should the heart surgeon help John with his plan to give Mike his heart by killing himself?

John Q ethical frameworksJohn Q ethical frameworks

• Should John take hostages to force the hospital to put his son on the organ donor list?