biofuels from micro algae

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    Contents

    Biofuels

    otent a o m croa gae

    Production methods Feasibility

    Research focus

    Conclusions

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    Microalgae markets

    Applications Price/KgBiomass

    Market

    volume

    Nutraceuticals (human consumption) 100 60 million

    - -

    Bulk chemicals 1-5 > 50 billion

    Present market volume: 1 billion

    Biofuels < 0.40 > 1 trillion

    Objective: market segment < 0.40/ kg biomass

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    Biofuels

    Botryococcus Alkanes (C34)

    -

    Ather algae 20-40% lipids

    -

    High productivity

    Palmoil: 6,000 l/ha/year, - ,

    l/ha/year No competition with food

    Investments in US:US$ 2.4 billion (NYTimes)

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    Hype cycle of biofuels

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    Potential of microalgae

    250

    300

    -1y

    r-1)

    150

    200

    ivity(ton

    h

    Bonaire

    50

    100

    ssproduct

    0

    Ponds Tubular Flat panel Theoretical

    Biom

    Lipid content algae is 20-40%

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    Production methods of microalgae

    Maximum use of sunli ht

    Inside of the reactor should bedark

    Process to be applied in direct

    sunlight At high light intensities chane of

    photo inhibition

    Supply of CO2 Produced O2 is toxic

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    Production methods of algae

    Open systems

    Raceway Cheap?

    Closed systems

    Bubble columns Tubular reactors

    Flat panels

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    Feasibility study

    Raceway ponds

    Horizontal tubes

    Flat panels

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    Tubular reactor

    Centrifuge

    Monitor and ControlUnit

    Centrifuge

    Monitor and ControlUnit

    Harvesttank

    NutrientInlet

    DO

    Harvesttank

    NutrientInlet

    DO

    Degasser

    25 %

    Stack

    gasCO2

    Biomass

    T

    pHDegasser

    25 %

    Stack

    gasCO2

    Biomass

    T

    pH

    HeadspacePump HeadspacePump

    Solar collector Stack gasSolar collector Stack gas/CO2/CO2

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    Sensitivity analysis

    Curacao PE 5%, CO2 Incentive, medium and CO2 free

    PE 5%; CO2 and medium for free, CO2 incentive

    Mixing w ith 10* less energy

    Mixing 10*, PE 5%, CO2 incentive, mdium and CO2 free

    Photosynthetic Efficiency 5%

    CO2 incentive (15 / ton CO2)

    No centrifugation

    CO2 for free

    Both CO2 and medium for free

    Dilution rate 10% v/v per day

    -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

    Culture medium for free

    % Decrease in roduction cost

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    Biomassaproduction costs

    10.62 / kg biomass1 ha

    100 ha

    Centr ifuge westfalia separator AG Centr ifuge Feed Pump Medium Filter Unit

    Medium Feed pump Medium preparation tank Harvest broth storage tank

    . g omass

    89% decrease

    Installations costs Instrumentation and control Piping

    Buildings Polyethylene tubes Photobioreactor Culture medium

    Carbon dioxide Media Filters Air filters

    Pow er Labor Payroll charges

    Maintenance General plant overheads 0.4 / k biomasspotential

    15 /GJ

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    Comparison of systems (100ha)

    UnitsRaceway

    pondFlat

    panelTubularreactor

    Biomass roduction ton / ear 2071 6363 4141

    Photosynthetic efficiency % 1.5 5 3

    Light path m 0.2 0.03 0.034

    Biomass production costs / kg DW 5.70 4.03 4.02

    Main cost factor %Centrifuge

    15 %air blowers

    24%Circulation pump

    46%

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    Present projects

    Development high-efficiency photobioreactors

    ax m za on o caro eno pro uc on

    Strain selection and milking Hi h-cell densit cultures and rowth inhibition

    The Green Solar collector

    Photobioreactor performance under high irradiance xtract on o o rom p -r c m croa gae

    O2 inhibition of microalgal growth

    -

    Modeling dynamics of photosynthesis

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    WETSUS research project

    Funding via Technological Top Institute Wetsus 25% Wa enin en Universit

    25% companies

    50% government

    Objective: reduction production costs

    Biofuels is not the only product Breakthroughs are needed to make systems economically

    feasible

    Joined forces

    Basis for demonstration projects

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    Bottlenecks

    Energy for mixing

    Productivity/photosynthetic efficiency

    Lipid productivity CO2 fixation

    O2 production

    Making use of waste nutrients ore nery: rac ona on o pro e ns

    Harvesting

    Production scenarios

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    Participating companies

    Biosoil ow em ca s Eneco Energie Friesland Foods Hednesford Ingrepro

    Neste Oil Nuon

    osen aa nergy Syngenta

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    Projects in development

    Wetsus: biofuels-

    EU Basis photosynthetic efficiency

    nnovat on n c ence an ec no ogy, e g um Lipid productivity

    Demonstration reactors Proviron: sustainable chemical industry

    Zeeland Soul: integrated aquaculture

    EOS SenterNovem

    Center for Photosynthesis Research

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    Center for Photosynthesis Research

    Systems biology ofphotosynthetic processes

    Re-engineering organisms for

    optimal photosynthetic energyconversion into biomass

    -tapping before it is converted intobiomass

    Initiative n s ry o gr cu ure, a ure

    and Food Quality Wageningen University and

    Research Center

    e en n vers y VU University Amsterdam University of Groningen

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    Conclusions

    Production of chemicals and biofuels frommicroalgae feasible

    ro uct v ty s g an t ere s no compet t onwith food production

    ec no ogy no ye we eve ope

    Join forces

    om nat on o app cat ons

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    www.bpe.wur.nl

    Vacancies for PhD students

    Wageningen UR