biofuels in spark-ignited engines - iea bioenergy · 2020. 5. 13. · • running on combinations...
TRANSCRIPT
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Biofuels in spark-ignited engines Jesper Schramm
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Gasoline
Diesel
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Gasoline Diesel
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
CI – Compression Ignition
SI – Spark Ignition
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Diesel HFO HVO, SVO, FAME DME
Gasoline MeOH, EtOH Hydrogen LPG CNG, LNG
Drop-in
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Global Energy Consumption
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Is it straight forward to change the fuel?
Example: Ethanol (Methanol)
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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SI Engine Fuel
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
“Leaner” operation is possible
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Increased efficiency due to: • Leaner operation • Increased CR • Charge cooling
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Emissions from ethanol vehicles compared to gasoline vehicles: • CO and HC emissions are generally reduced • (up to 60-70%) • NOx emission results were mixed. Some stated
reductions of about 60 percent, while others stated increases of about 30 percent. FFVs and dedicated vehicles for high‐level ethanol blends or neat ethanol showed tolerance for higher EGR ratios, reducing NOx.
• PM??? (not much evidence) • CO2 emissions were found to be about 5
percent less per kilometer • Aldehydes generally increased dramatically • Many other organic compounds decreased
Emissions
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Nothing bad about ethanol?
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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Increased Fuel Tank Volume
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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Evaporative Emissions
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
* Safety Issues
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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Cold Start Problems
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Water Miscibility
E0 . . . E100
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Water Miscibility Water Miscibility
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Copper Corrosion Water Miscibility
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Miscellaneous: • Interaction with Lubricant • Copper corrosion • Etc.
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Road Vehicle Application Overall
FFV’s
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
FFV’s: • Running on combinations of ethanol and gasoline
• E0-E85 • Other materials • Fuel sensor • Fuel injection system (handle higher amount of fuel flow) • Fuel tank and evaporative system • ECU
• AF ratio adjustment • Ignition timing (utilizing high octane number)
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
FFV’s
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Is it straight forward to change the fuel?
Example: NGV’s (BGV’s)
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
NGV’s
Engine Storage Refueling
SI (Dual Fuel) Low regulated emissions High efficiency Unburned methane L
Excess space Not a liquid fuel
→ BGV’s
CNG LNG
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Unburned methane:
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Storage:
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark www.iangv.org
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
BGV’s
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Conclusions: • Alcohols and biogas are the most obvious
biofuels for SI engines (and drop-in) • Vehicles are available • Some issues still need to be adressed
• FFV sale in Sweden is going down • NGV/BGV’s and unburned methane
• Car owner experience is an issue
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
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DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark