biogas plant
TRANSCRIPT
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
BIOGAS PLANT AND ITS
BENEFITS
Presented by:-
Mihir Shah (A-26)
Mithun Pardesi(A-28)
Muzammil Deshmukh (A-29)
Neha Naik (A-30)
Pawan Panjwani (A-34)
INTRODUCTION
• Biogas is an important renewable energy resource for rural areas inIndia.
• It is produced by anaerobic digestion of biological wastes.
• It is an environment friendly, clean, cheap and versatile fuel.
• Biogas generally comprise of 55-65 % methane, 35-45 % carbondioxide, 0.5-1.0 % hydrogen sulfide and traces of water vapour.
• Biogas like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cannot be liquefiedunder normal temperature and pressure.
BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY
STATUS• India has been pioneering country in developing simple and easy to
operate biogas plants.
• The government of India has been running National Biogas and
Manure Management Program (NBMMP) for the welfare of the
weaker section of the society.
• 100% Biogas engines are in operation in the country.
• Other urban waste projects include a 1 MW project based on cattle
dung at Haebowal, Ludhiana; a 0.50 MW project for generation of
power from biogas at sewage treatment plant at Surat, Gujarat; and a
150 kW pant for vegetable market and slaughter house waste and
Vijaywada.
• Another 300 kW project based on vegetable market waste in under
commissioning at Chennai. Besides, about 25 waste-to-energy
projects with an aggregate capacity of about 30 MW from a variety
of industrial wastes also been setup in the country.
BIOGAS- FERTILIZER PLANTS:
MOST IMPORTENT TOOL TO
HANDLE METHANE
• Methane (Green house gas) released from three Landfills of Delhi during
2008: (Indian Express 29.01.2010) 74,000 tonnes
• Effect of methane is higher than from CO2 by: 21 times
• Percentage of methane in harmful green house gas: 18%(approx.)
• Annual CO2 Emission Reduction from 1.5 lakh biogas plants:
70.5375 tonnes
BIOGAS PRODUCTION
POTENTIAL FROM DIFFERENT
WASTES
THE BENEFITS OF
BIOGAS
PRODUCTION OF ENERGY
• The calorific value of biogas is about 6 kWh/m3 - this corresponds to
about half a litre of diesel oil. The net calorific value depends on the
efficiency of the burners or appliances.
• Biogas use, replacing conventional fuels like kerosene or firewood,
allows for the conservation of environment.
• Biogas is able to substitute almost the complete consumption of
firewood in rural households.
• The biogas generated from small and medium sized units is used for
cooking and lighting purposes. Large units can be used to power
engines and generators for mechanical work
FERTILIZER
• The output from the polythene bio gas digester (digested manure) is
actually a high quality organic fertilizer.
• This fertilizer is very important, especially in a country like INDIA
• Fertilizer which comes from a bio-gas plant contains three times
more nitrogen than the best compost made through open air
digestion.
• The bio-gas plant does not make extra nitrogen; it does not create
nitrogen, it merely preserves the nitrogen that is already there.
• The bio gas plant is the perfect fertilizer-making machine and it has
been tested all over the world. There is no better way to digest or
compost manure and other organic material than in a bio-gas plant.
• Bio-fertilizers also secrete growth promoting substances like
hormones, vitamins, amino acids and anti-fungal chemicals, as well
as improve seed germination and root growth. Bio-fertilizers, thereby
also aid in the better establishment of plants.
HEALTH BENEFITS, THE
IMPROVEMENT OF HYGIENIC
CONDITIONS
The following are the principal organisms killed in biogas plants:
• Typhoid
• Paratyphoid,
• Cholera and dysentery bacteria (in 1 or 2 weeks),
• Hookworm and bilharzia (in 3 weeks).
• Tapeworm and roundworm die completely when the fermented
slurry is dried in the sun.
Dung cakes are no longer stored in the homes.
REDUCTION OF WORKLOAD
Biogas plants also improve health conditions in the homes:
• Since biogas burns clean, homes do not fill with smoke and ash.
• Cooking with gas takes less time than with wood or charcoal or any
other commonly used fuel.
• It is easier to cook with gas stove.
ENVIRONMENTAL
ADVANTAGESWith digestion, a renewable source of energy is captured, which has an
important climatic twin effect:
• The use of renewable energy reduces the CO2-emissions through a
reduction of the demand for fossil fuels.
• At the same time, by capturing uncontrolled methane emissions, the
second most important greenhouse gas is reduced
NEED FOR THE BIOGAS
ENRICHMENT AND BOTTLING
• Potential of biogas is not fully utilized and commercialized so far.
• For commercialization, its area of application may widen; from
cooking fuel to vehicle fuel.
• For use as a vehicle fuel, it should be bottled like CNG.
• Before bottling, it should enriched in methane content from 55 % to
95 %; similar to CNG.
THREE WHEELER RUNNING
ON ENRICHED BIOGAS
HOW BIOGAS WORKS
BIO GAS PROMOTION IN
INDIA
• In India the First Biogas Plant was commissioned in the year 1962.
• This was known as KVIC Floating Dome Model.(Popularly known
as Indian Model).
• Till ’79, the promotion was not in serious way ;and in ’79, the First
Fixed Dome Model (Janata) was commissioned.
• In ’82, Govt. of India launched ‘National Biogas Programme’
countrywide thro’ Ministry of Nonconventional Energy Sources.
• Potential of Domestic Biogas Plants in India –12 million.
CENTRAL FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE
The Ministry provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for
a) Construction and maintenance of biogas plants,
b) Training & Awareness creation, Technical centres,
c) Service charges or salary support to implementing agencies.
d) The financial assistance for construction of biogas plants is enhanced
for a few categories of beneficiaries mainly to accommodate the increase
in cost of construction.
e) The central subsidy offered to different categories of
beneficiaries/areas for construction of biogas plants .
MODELS THAT ARE PROMOTED
1. Floating Dome KVIC Model.
2. Fixed Dome – Deenbandhu Model.
3. Bag Type portable digester made of rubberized nylon fabric.
4. Low cost fixed dome models made of alternate construction materials,
like the pre fabricated Ferro Cement or Reinforced cement and in-situ built
Ferro cement materials. All these are promoted by the states in the country
by State Nodal Agencies Of MNES(Ministry of Non conventional Energy
Sources, Govt. of India.
AWARENESS CREATION
• In many States, village panchayats and local bodies, such as Mahila
Mandals (Women Organizations)and Yuvak Kendras (Youth
Centres)are actively associated for such activities.
• Some States have linked the implementation of the biogas
programme with Rural Development schemes, such as Rural
Sanitation Programme , Watershed Development and Integrated
Tribal Development Programmes.
• As a part of publicity campaign leaf lets developed in regional
languages are widely distributed by BDTCs( Biogas Development
&Training Centres). Popular articles on the benefits of biogas plants
are published in regional and local dailies and magazines.
CENTRAL SUBSIDY
• The Pattern of Subsidy is not uniform. This has been decided to help
out
a) Hilly and inaccessible areas of the country
b)Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribes, Desert districts, Small &
Marginal Farmers, Landless Labourers
c) All others.
• Maximum Financial help has been extended to the poorest farmers as
well the lower middle class villagers as well for inaccessible areas.
• Subsidy is also applicable to Urban Biogas Plant owners in par with
their status of caste and income.
FURTHER R&D WORK FOR
BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT• Biogas production using easily available local waste material
preferably agricultural wastes.
• Development of new and low cost improved designs of biogas plants
for large sizes.
• The effect of bio-wash (liquid from digested slurry) on vegetables
and crops.
• Design of kitchen waste biogas plant for restaurants
CONCLUSIONS
• India has second largest biogas programme in the world at rural andas well as urban levels.
• Many technologies/models have been successfully developed in Indiafor biogas programme.
• There is need to develop a sustainable renewable energy programmeon biogas for replacing petroleum products by utilization of biogas inthe country.
• This will help in green energy technology and reducing green housegases emissions.
• Biogas is a potential renewable energy source for rural India and
other developing countries.
BIOGAS FLAME
BIOGAS LAMP
THANK YOU