biogeochemical cycles - deer valley unified school district€¦ · of important abiotic items with...
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Biogeochemical Cycles
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First, let’s look at this word and define its parts!
Bio-geo-chemical
Bio=life
Geo=earth
Cycle=move around and around (like the hand on a clock-face)
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In ecology, we examine the movement of important abiotic items with cycles.
• A biogeochemical cycle is the movement of a particular chemical through the biological (biotic) and geological (abiotic) parts of an ecosystem.
• A substance can change forms at different phases of a cycle (as we will see with each different cycle).
• Cycles don’t necessarily have a beginning or end.
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3 Main Abiotic items studied in the biogeochemical cycles
Water
Carbon
Nitrogen
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The Water Cycle• … is also known as the hydrologic cycle
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The Water Cycle
• Precipitation (water) falls to earth. Some of it goes in the ground, some into waterways, or in temporary pools.
• Percolation allows water to infiltrate (go down through) the soil (causing ground water).
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The Water Cycle
• Runoff occurs when water on the surface flows in to the ocean.
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The Water Cycle
• Evaporation occurs when liquid water becomes a gas and moves up into the atmosphere.
• Transpiration is when water gas is released from plant leaves.
• When all this water gas forms clouds, it is called condensation.
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Think, Pair, Share
After condensation, what step in the cycle is next? Why is this important?
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The Water Cycle• … is also known as the hydrologic cycle
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The Carbon-Oxygen Cycle• … we’ll probably just refer to it as the carbon cycle.
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The Carbon-Oxygen Cycle
• Carbon and Oxygen often travel together in the form of CO2 (carbon dioxide).
• We’ll start in the atmosphere, but remember that matter and energy flows in a cyclical pattern in an ecosystem.
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The Carbon-Oxygen Cycle
• Gaseous CO2 is pumped in to the atmosphere from multiple sources like heterotrophs exhaling and burning fuels.
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The Carbon-Oxygen Cycle
• The atmospheric CO2 is taken in by plants, which are then eaten by primary consumers.
• Primary consumers are preyed upon by secondary consumers.
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The Carbon-Oxygen Cycle
• From secondary consumers, CO2 is returned to the environment in two ways:
– Death (decay/fossil fuel)
– Exhaling during Cellular Respiration
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Where to next?
So remind me, where does the carbon and oxygen go after death and cell respiration?
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The Carbon-Oxygen Cycle• … we’ll probably just refer to it as the carbon cycle.
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The Nitrogen Cycle
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The Nitrogen Cycle
• Just like in the other two cycles, nitrogen travels in the atmosphere. Nitrogen, unlike carbon and water, must take different chemical forms in order to travel.
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The Nitrogen Cycle
• In the air, nitrogen takes the form of N2. It is then “fixed” by bacteria & fungi in the soil, to become ammonium, NH4
+.
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The Nitrogen Cycle
• Once fixed by bacteria, it can then be assimilated(taken in and used) by plants, which are then consumed by primary consumers.
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The Nitrogen Cycle
• Once those animals are dead, the decomposition (breaking down) process by way of fungi and bacteria can then return the nitrogen to the soil, starting the whole process over again.
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The Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen can also be denitrified and released back into the atmosphere by bacteria.
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The Nitrogen Cycle
• It should also be noted that lightning plays a role in bringing in the original N2 into the atmosphere!